Flood Mitigation and Management in Thailand

TopicsTopics Nature and Extent of FloodingNature and Extent of Flooding Data Collection and ForecastingData Collection and Forecasting Flood Forecasting and WarningFlood Forecasting and Warning Communication of Flood-Communication of Flood-

Warning InformationWarning Information Other Relevant InformationOther Relevant Information

Nature and Extent of Nature and Extent of FloodingFlooding

แผนท่ีแสดงพื้นท่ีเสีย่งต่อการเกิดอุทกภัยระดับต่าง ๆ ในลุ่มน้ำ้าชแีละลุ่มน้ำ้ามูล

รอ้ยเอ็ด

อุบลราชธานี

ชยัภูมิ

มหาสารคาม

Flood Risk Area

Flood from the Central Flood from the Central Mekong Basin of Thailand Mekong Basin of Thailand (Northeast)(Northeast)

The Khong Basin (50,000 sq.km.)The Khong Basin (50,000 sq.km.)– Large flood is not existing in the tributaries due to their small Large flood is not existing in the tributaries due to their small

basin area.basin area.– The flood season from August to September caused by invasion The flood season from August to September caused by invasion

of high backwater of the Mekong river.of high backwater of the Mekong river.– A long distance flood protection dike of about 800 km. from the A long distance flood protection dike of about 800 km. from the

Chaing Khan to the Mun river mouth has been constructed Chaing Khan to the Mun river mouth has been constructed along the Mekong river.along the Mekong river.

The Chi and Mun Basin (119,000 sq.km.)The Chi and Mun Basin (119,000 sq.km.)– Large flood is frequently occurred in the basin due to the heavy Large flood is frequently occurred in the basin due to the heavy

rainfall. rainfall. – The flood season from September to October caused by poor The flood season from September to October caused by poor

drainage system in the basin.drainage system in the basin.– About 22 barrages are constructed crossing the Chi and Mun About 22 barrages are constructed crossing the Chi and Mun

rivers.rivers.– There are two large reservoirs in the basin, Ubol Ratana dam There are two large reservoirs in the basin, Ubol Ratana dam

and Lam Pao dam.and Lam Pao dam.

Satellite image in 2002 illustrates inundated area in the northeast of

Thailand

Data Collection and Data Collection and ForecastingForecasting

Available DataAvailable Data Hydrological DataHydrological Data Meteorological DataMeteorological Data Dam Operation DataDam Operation Data Other DataOther Data

Most of the data are manually recorded and stored in digital form in the computer mainframe of agencies.

AgenciesAgencies The Royal Irrigation Department The Royal Irrigation Department

(RID)(RID) The Meteorological Department The Meteorological Department

(MD)(MD) The Electricity Generating Authority The Electricity Generating Authority

of Thailand (EGAT)of Thailand (EGAT) The Department of Water The Department of Water

Resources (DWR)Resources (DWR)

RIDRID Statistical daily data of reservoirsStatistical daily data of reservoirs Statistical daily data of barragesStatistical daily data of barrages Daily or hourly or automatic water Daily or hourly or automatic water

level datalevel data Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic

rainfall datarainfall data Daily evaporation dataDaily evaporation dataForecasting of flooding condition has been carried out by considering the statistical relationship among data of gauging stations.

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS IN THAILAND UNDER THE ROYAL IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

MDMD Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic

rainfall datarainfall data Daily meteorological dataDaily meteorological data Rainfall data by radarRainfall data by radarForecasting of the rainfall and weather condition has been carried out by super computer.

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Roi EtPhichit

LampangLamphun

Sa Kaeo

Kalasin

Pattani

Phangnga

Songkhla

Lop Buri

Chumphon

Chai Nat

Saraburi

Buri Ram

Yasothon

Mukdahan

Sing Buri

Uttaradit

Sukhothai

Chon Buri

Nong Khai

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Si Sa Ket

Suphanburi

Ratchaburi

Chiang Mai

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Phetchabun

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Chaiyaphum

Surat Thani

Phatthalung

Phetchaburi

Uthai Thani

Phitsanulok

Chanthaburi

Kanchanaburi

Nakhon Sawan

Nakhon Nayok

Prachin Buri

Sakon NakhonNakhon Phanom

Maha SarakhamKamphaeng Phet

Nong Bua Lam Phu

Nakhon Ratchasima

Nakhon Si Thammarat

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200000

200000

400000

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600000

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Basin Boundary

%U

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Rainfall StationSYMBOLS

Climatological Station

N

EW

S

100 0 100 200Kilometers

LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS IN THAILAND UNDER THE METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

EGATEGAT Statistical daily data of reservoirsStatistical daily data of reservoirs Daily or hourly or automatic water Daily or hourly or automatic water

level datalevel data Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic

rainfall datarainfall data Daily evaporation dataDaily evaporation dataForecasting of runoff into reservoirs has been carried out by considering the statistical relationship among data of gauging stations.

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N

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS IN THAILANDUNDER THE ELECTRICITY GENERATING AUTHORITY OF THAILAND

DWRDWR Daily or hourly or automatic water Daily or hourly or automatic water

level datalevel data Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic

rainfall datarainfall data Daily evaporation dataDaily evaporation data

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Surin

Satun

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Roi EtPhichit

LampangLamphun

Sa Kaeo

Kalasin

Pattani

Phangnga

Songkhla

Lop Buri

Chumphon

Chai Nat

Saraburi

Buri Ram

Yasothon

Mukdahan

Sing Buri

Uttaradit

Sukhothai

Chon Buri

Nong Khai

Khon Kaen

Si Sa Ket

Suphanburi

Ratchaburi

Chiang Mai

Chiang Rai

Phetchabun

Udon Thani

Chaiyaphum

Surat Thani

Phatthalung

Phetchaburi

Uthai Thani

Phitsanulok

Chanthaburi

Kanchanaburi

Nakhon Sawan

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONSIN THAILAND UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

Flood Forecasting and Flood Forecasting and WarningWarning

Physical data

Land useSoilsTopography

Transient data from gages

RainfallStramflowEvaporationReservoir level

Other sources of data

Weather forecast

Data Communication / Telemetry System

RadioUHF/VHFSatellite

Data Management SystemReal-time data acquisitionData validationData processingDatabasesReal-time model updating

Modeling / Forecasting SystemRainfall-runoff modelRiver hydrodynamic modelReservoir operation model

River ForecastStreamflowWater levelWarning

Data Collection System

ProgramProgram DeveloperDeveloper PurposePurposeMIKE-11, MIKE-11, FLOODWATCHFLOODWATCH

DHIDHI Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamic, Flood ForecastFlood Forecast

ISIS, InfoWorks, ISIS, InfoWorks, FloodWorksFloodWorks

WallingfordWallingford Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamic, Flood ForecastFlood Forecast

HEC-RAS, CWMSHEC-RAS, CWMS US Army CorpsUS Army Corps Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamic, Flood ForecastFlood Forecast

SMSSMS EMRLEMRL HydrodynamicHydrodynamicHEC-HMSHEC-HMS US Army CorpsUS Army Corps Rainfall-RunoffRainfall-RunoffIQQMIQQM Center of Natural Center of Natural

ResourceResourceWater Balance, Water Balance, Reservoir Reservoir OperationOperation

AVSWATAVSWAT Blackland Blackland ResearchResearch

Rainfall-Runoff Rainfall-Runoff

ARSPARSP AcresAcres Water Balance, Water Balance, Reservoir Reservoir Operation Operation

HEC-ResSimHEC-ResSim US Army CorpsUS Army Corps Water Balance, Water Balance, Reservoir Reservoir Operation Operation

NAMNAM DHIDHI Rainfall-Runoff Rainfall-Runoff TANKTANK JapanJapan Rainfall-Runoff Rainfall-Runoff

SoftwareSoftware

Schematic Layout of the Schematic Layout of the FFWSFFWS

FTU

CPU

I/O

Forecasting/Flood Management/Warning System

Forecasting Result

RainWater Level

Rainfall Forecasting

System

RadarSatellite

Rainfall Forecasting

(Aut

om

atic)

(Automatic

)

Reporting to Flood Warning

Committee

Disaster Warning

AnnouncementLevel 1

AlertnessLevel 2 MigrationLevel 3 Urgent Migration

(Automatic)

Operator

Field Station

Rain

Water Level

Telemetering System Water

management/forecasting SystemFlood Warning

System

Water Basin Model

Water Operation Center

Telemetering Communication Network

5. Nakhon Ratcha Sri Ma Province

2. Saraburi Province3. Udonthani Province

7. Ratchaburi Province8. Songkhla Province

4. Khon Kaen Province

6. Prachinburi Province

Regional Data Center1. Lumpang

Province

2. Khong Basin3. Kok Basin4. Chi Basin

25.

Water Basin Data Center1. Salawin

BasinRemote St.

Remote St.

Data CenterMeteorological Dept.

Data CenterRoyal Irrigation Dept.

Data CenterOther Agencies

Lease

d Line

(Hourly

Data)

Radio(15-30 Min.

Data)

Radio(15-30 Min.

Data)Leased Line

(Hourly Data)

and Internet,

Intranet

Leased

Line(Hourly

Data)Leased

Line

(Hourly

Data)Lea

sed

Line(Hour

ly

Data)

or Int

ernet,

Intran

et

or Int

ernet,

Intran

et

or Internet,

Intranet

X.194

X.181

X.44

X.90

X.173

X.112

X.113

Sadua Reservoir

Rumyaai Canal

Jumhuui Canal

Tum Canal

Wadd Canal

Wha Canal

Repeat Station

Master Station

Remote Station

Remote Station

Remote Station

Remote Station

Project

Real- Time

Data by Telemet

ering System

Flood Forecast

ing by Math.Mo

del

Integrated Data

Base and

Math. Model,

Working as a

Network

Integrated Math.

Model and GIS

for Output

Presentation

Rainfall Forecasti

ng by Radar

Warning to the

Public via Communi

cation Media

Ubol Ratana Dam(1988)Pak Mun Dam(1995)Khao Lam Dam (1995)Pasak Dam( ปี 1999)Banglang Dam(2002)Thataphao Basin(2002)U-Thaphao Basin(2004)Chantaburi Basin(2004)Chao Phraya Basin(2004)

Communication of Communication of Flood-Warning Flood-Warning

InformationInformation

CommunicationCommunication

RID has an existing VHF/HF single side RID has an existing VHF/HF single side band (HF-SSB) and two radio system that band (HF-SSB) and two radio system that is used within the districts.is used within the districts.

EGAT has installed its own microwave EGAT has installed its own microwave communication system from its network of communication system from its network of hydropower stations to its central office.hydropower stations to its central office.

Satellite system allowed to be used by the Satellite system allowed to be used by the government departments is “THAICOM” government departments is “THAICOM”

Flood-Warning Flood-Warning InformationInformation There are existing flood preparedness plans and There are existing flood preparedness plans and

mitigation measures in the basin.mitigation measures in the basin. RID or EGAT’s regional office send the flooding RID or EGAT’s regional office send the flooding

information to the provincial officer who has information to the provincial officer who has responsibility in performing flood preparedness responsibility in performing flood preparedness plan via telephone or radio.plan via telephone or radio.

The local emergency teams make preparations to The local emergency teams make preparations to carry out works in areas of likely to be inundated carry out works in areas of likely to be inundated by flooding.by flooding.

The organization of the teams and their duties The organization of the teams and their duties are clearly indicated. are clearly indicated.

Other Relevant Other Relevant InformationInformation

Network System

of

the Thailand Integrated Water Resources

Management

(TIWRM)