FLOOD OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY OF HOT ... OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY OF HOT...

FLOOD OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY

OF HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS

By Rodney E. Southard

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4007

Prepared in cooperation with

ARKANSAS POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY,

the ARKANSAS SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMISSION, and

the U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

Little Rock, Arkansas

1992

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information write to:

District ChiefU.S. Geological Survey2301 Federal Office Building700 West CapitolLittle Rock, Arkansas 72201

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological SurveyBooks and Open-File Reports SectionFederal Center,Box 25425Denver, Colorado 80225

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract................................................................................................................................................ 1Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2Methods ................................................................................................................................................ 2Description of storm ............................................................................................................................ 4Flood damage ....................................................................................................................................... 8Flood characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 8

Peak stages and discharges ............................................................................................................. 8Flood profiles .................................................................................................................................... 11Flood hydrographs ........................................................................................................................... 11

Summary.............................................................................................................................................. 21Selected references .............................................................................................................................. 22Appendix 1. Names and locations of stations within the study area ............................................... 1-1Appendix 2. High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of

May 19-20, 1990.............................................................................................................................. 2-1

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1. Map showing study area and location of streamflow-gaging stations ............................. 32. Map showing cumulative rainfall for the storm of May 19-20, 1990, in the vicinity of

Hot Springs, Arkansas.................................................................................................. 53. Graph showing cumulative rainfall at selected stations for May 19-20, 1990 ................ 74. Map showing location of streams with flood profiles in the study area ........................... 12

5-12. Graphs showing:5. Water-surface profile of Ouachita River for the May 19-20, 1990, flood.................. 136. Water-surface profile of Gulpha Creek for the May 19-20, 1990, flood.................... 147. Water-surface profile of Hot Springs Creek from station 1500 to station 14000

for the May 19-20, 1990, flood............................................................................... 158. Water-surface profile of Hot Springs Creek from station 14000 to station 26000

for the May 19-20, 1990, flood .............................................................................. 169. Water-surface profile of Whittington Creek for the May 19-20, 1990, flood ............ 17

10. Stages for Caddo River near Caddo Gap (07359610) and Caddo River atGlenwood (07359700) for the May 19-20, 1990, flood.......................................... 18

11. Stages for Lake Hamilton near Hot Springs (07358500) and Lake Catherine atJones Mill (07359000) for the May 19-20, 1990, flood......................................... 19

12. Stages for Antoine River at Antoine (07361500) and Ouachita River atArkadelphia (07360000) for the May 19-20, 1990, flood...................................... 20

in

TABLES

Page

Table 1. Recorded rainfall totals for May 19-20, 1990, and recurrence intervals for the24-hour rainfall totals of May 20, 1990........................................................................... 4

2. Maximum rainfall totals for 6-, 12-, and 24-hour periods during May 19-20,1990, and recurrence intervals........................................................................................ 6

3. Summary of peak stages and discharges for streams and lakes in the study area........... 94. Hourly stage and storage in lakes on the Ouachîta River for May 19-20, 1990 ............... 10

IV

CONVERSION FACTORS AND VERTICAL DATUM

Multiply

inch (in.)

foot (ft)

mile (mi)

square mile (mi )

acre-foot (acre-ft)

3 cubic foot per second (ft /s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929--a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Bx

25.4

0.3048

1.609

2.590

1,233

To obtain

millimeter

meter

kilometer

square kilometer

cubic meter

FLOOD OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY

OF HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS

By Rodney E. Southard

ABSTRACT

Severe thunderstorms, which produced heavy rainfall in west-central Arkansas, resulted in

extensive flash flooding on May 19-20, 1990. The greatest rainfall occurred in the vicinity of

Hot Springs. Personnel at the Hot Springs National Park Service rainfall station in Hot

Springs recorded 12.97 inches of rain within a 24-hour period. Maximum rainfall totals for the

6-, 12-, and 24-hour periods at Remmel Dam and Carpenter Dam had recurrence intervals that

exceeded 100 years. Peak discharges at stations on Fourche A Loupe Creek near Hot Springs,

Gulpha Creek near Hot Springs, and Valley Creek near Point Cedar exceeded the 100-year

recurrence-interval discharges. Peak stages for Lake Hamilton near Hot Springs was 0.12 foot

below the 100-year flood stage, and Lake Catherine at Jones Mill was 5.0 feet higher than the

100-year flood stage. Water-surface profiles were developed for Ouachita River, Gulpha Creek,

Hot Springs Creek, and Whittington Creek. Stage hydrographs for four rivers and two lakes also

are included in the report to indicate the duration of flooding at selected stations.

INTRODUCTION

Rainfall for spring 1990 generally was above normal in western Arkansas. On May 19-20, 1990, a series of severe thunderstorms developed over west-central Arkansas and produced rainfall that exceeded 10 inches at several rainfall recording stations. Severe flooding caused by the excessive rainfall damaged numerous bridges and homes and resulted in the loss of one life. The vicinity of Hot Springs in Garland County was hardest hit. Floodwaters 2 to 4 ft deep rushed through the historic downtown area of Hot Springs, causing extensive damage to private and public property.

This report summarizes rainfall amounts, flood damage, peak stages and discharges, and lake-storage data for selected stations in the vicinity of Hot Springs. The study area and locations of gaging stations are shown in figure 1. Information contained in this report was provided by Arkansas Power and Light Company; National Weather Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1990); The Sentinel-Record, Hot Springs, Arkansas; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District; and the U.S. Geological Survey. This report was prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Power and Light Company, the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

METHODS

Rainfall and discharge data were used to determine recurrence intervals at selected sites to indicate the areal extent and significance of the May 19-20 flood. Rainfall data were collected at 17 sites within the study area. Recurrence intervals for rainfall intensity at these sites were determined by plotting the observed rainfall and the rainfall frequency curve for a specific duration on log-probability paper (Weather Bureau, 1961).

As used in this report, the recurrence interval is the reciprocal of the probability of occurrence and is the average number of years betweert exceedences over a long period of time. This does not mean that an event will occur at uniformly spaced intervals. In fact, an event of this magnitude can be exceeded at any time during a given period.

Discharge data from stations with established stage-discharge ratings were computed directly from the rating. At stations with no defined rating, indirect methods of computing peak discharge were used. For all but two of these stations, the method used was the indirect computation of discharge through contracted openings described by Matthai (1967). The contracted opening computations yielded unsatisfactory results for the Hot Springs Creek at Hot Springs station and at the Ouachita River near Malverri station. A step-backwater computation with a digital model was used to determine the peak discharge at the Hot Springs Creek at Hot Springs station. The step-backwater model is a one-dimensional computer model for water surface-profile-computations (WSPRO) (Shearman, 1990). The peak discharge at the Ouachita River near Malvern station was computed at Remmel I)am and transferred downstream to the station. The peak discharge at Remmel Dam was determined from relations between the tainter- gate settings at the dam and discharges based on previous floods. The peak discharge at the downstream Malvern station was then estimated on the basis of drainage-area ratio. The tainter-gate rating was based on free orifice flow conditions at the gates as described by Collins (1977). Recurrence intervals for the peak discharges were determined by using the four-parameter rural equations for stations with little or no urbanization upstream, and the seven-parameter urban equations for stations with significant urbanization upstream (Neely, 1987). The flood-frequency curve and computed peak discharge were plotted on log-probability paper and the appropriate recurrence interval was chosejn from the plot for each station.

34*40'

30'

20'

34*10'

»ase from U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas state base, 1:500,000

ARKANSAS

FTT/ISTUDYjAREA

12

MILES

10 20 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATION

GAGING STATION AND MAP NUMBER IN TABLE 3

LOCATION OF STUDY AREA

Figure 1. Study area and location of streamflow-gaging stations.

DESCRIPTION OF STORM

The strong thunderstorms that developed over the study area were located in an area south of a line extending from Glenwood to Owensville (fig. 2). Based on radar observations and hourly rainfall data, large thunderstorm cells developed during the evening of May 19 in the southwestern part of the study area and slowly moved northeast. These storms produced large rainfall totals at numerous sites within the study area. Rainfall totals for May 19 and May 20 for selected sites are given in table 1. The largest 24-hour rainfall totals were recorded on May 20 at all sites except the Antoine and Mount Ida rainfall gages. At the Hot Springs National Park Service rainfall gage, the largest 24-hour rainfall total of 12.97 inches was recorded.

Table 1. Recorded rainfall totals for\ May 19-20, 1990, and recurrence intervals for the 24-hour rainfall totals of May 20, 1990

[<, less than; >, greater than; , data not available]

Mapnumber

123456

789

1011

12

1314151617

Station L

AmityAntoineArkadelphiaBentonBismarkBlakely MountainDam3

BonnerdaleCarpenter Dam3GlenwoodHot Springs AirportHot Springs National

Park ServiceHot Springs

water plant3JessievilleMalvernMount IdaOwensvilleRemmel Dam3

atitude L

34°17'34°02'34°09'34°33'34°18'

34°34'34°23'34°26'34°20'34°29'

34°31'

34°32'34°42'34°23'34°32'34°37'34°26'

Rainfall, inongitude Mav 19 1

93°25'93°25'93°03'92°37'93°09'

1.852.06.00.00.00

93°12' .6093°23'93°02'93°32'93°06'

.10

.482.45__ 4

93°03'

93°04'93°03'92°49'93°36'92°49'

.28

.60

.53

.703.161.00

92°54' .35

May 20

6.30.96.88

4.108.00

6.007.209.548.30

11.52

12.97

10.504.153.061.534.506.85

inches1 Total

8.153.02.88

4.108.00

6.607.30

10.0210.75

13.25

11.104.683.764.695.507.20

Recurrence interval, in years,

for rainfall during 24-

hour period of May 202

10<1<12

50

825

10050

100

100

1002

<1<12

15

'Rainfall total is for 24-hour period prior to 7:00 a.m. of date recorded.2 Weather Bureau (1961).3 Hourly rainfall gage. I4 Rainfall total is from 7:00 p.m. May 19 to 7:00 a.m. May 20.

93*20' 93°

34*40'

30'

20'

34MO' ^--r ',

D?-A'L L A SU,,P

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas state base, 1:500,000 ID 20 MILES

WEXPLANATION

RAIN GAGE AND MAP NUMBER IN TABLE 1

-8- LINE OF EQUAL RAINFALL, IN INCHES

To 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 2. Cumulative rainfall for the storm of May 19-20, 1990, in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Arkansas.

Four hourly rainfall gages are located within the study area. Three of the gages are at dams on the main stem of the Ouachita River and the fourth is at the Hot Springs water plant (table 2). Rainfall data collected at Blakely Mountain Dam were provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Charles McKinnie, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, written commun., 1991); data collected at Carpenter Dam and Remmel Dam were provided by Arkansas Power and Light Company (Douglas Sikes, Arkansas Power and Light Company, written commun., 1991); and data collected at the Hot Springs water plant were provided by the National Weather Service (Don Schwartz, National Weather Service, written commun., 1991). Except for the gage at Blakely Mountain Dam, the data from the gages reflect the extreme intensity of the rainfall that occurred in and south of the city of Hot Springs. The maximum 6-hour rainfall total for Blakely Mountain Dam had a recurrence interval of only about 2 years, but the recurrence intervals for maximum 6-hour totals at Carpenter Dam, Remmel Dam, and the Hot Springs water plant were greater than 100, 90, and greater than 100 years, respectively (Weather Bureau, 1961). Cumulative totals for each hourly rainfall gage are plotted in figure 3.

Table 2.--Maximum rainfall at recording rain gages for the 6-, 12-t and 24-hour period of May 19-20,1990, and recurrence interval (Weather Bureau, 1961)

[>, greater than]

Maximum rainfall during itidicated period, in inches

Recurrence interval,in years

Station 6-hour 12-hour 24-hour 6-hour 12-hour 21-hour

Blakely Mountain DamCarpenter DamHot Springs water plantRemmel Dam

3.207.656.188.30

4.209.226.319.90

6.009.5416.89

10.70

2.4>100

90>100

3.2>100

25>100

8>100

17>100

CUMULATIVE RAINFALL, IN INCHES

o -*

<c n CD

CO

II

OC

3c_D)

CD n D) 5*

0)

(DoCD Q.

CO

D)6'

3 CO

D)

CO I

CO CO O

o o

o00o o

< ^^ ro<o o

O)o o

O O O

O O

^ Oro o o

o oo o o

\

I.I.I. I 1 I_,

FLOOD DAMAGE

Damage to private and public property in the study area was extensive. Numerous bridges and culverts were washed out on State and county highways, and many roads were blocked by debris and mud slides. The most extensive damage occurred in the city of Hot Springs and along the Ouachita River from Blakely Mountain Dam to the State Highway 84 crossing near Malvern. Hot Springs city officials estimated damage to the city at $5.3 million, of which $2.9 millionwas to private property and $2.4 million was to public property. Arkansas Power and LightCompany personnel estimated damage to the Lake Catheri ne steam electric station, Remmel Dam hydroelectric plant, and a switching yard along the main stem of the Ouachita River at $2 million (The Sentinel Record, May 22, 1990, Hot Springs, Arkansas). Bridges spanning the Ouachita River at State Highway 128 and State Highway 84 near Malvern were destroyed. The American Red Cross estimated 335 homes in Garland County were flooded; 160 of these homes were destroyed (The Sentinel-Record, May 24, 1990, Hot Springs, Arkansas).

FLOOD CHARACTERISTICS

Extreme flooding was experienced on numerous Small creeks between Glenwood and Owensville and along the main stem of the Ouachita River from Blakely Mountain Dam to Arkadelphia. Flood characteristics such as peak stage, discharge, and recurrence interval as available, are described in the following sections of this report for 16 stations within the study area. In addition, hourly stage and storage data are presented for lakes on the Ouachita River. Locations of these stations are described in Appendix 1. Because of the magnitude of the flood on the main stem of the Ouachita River, GUlpha Creek, Hot Springs Creek, and Whittington Creek, flood profiles for these streams are presented. Stage hydrographs for six continuous-record gaging stations are also presented.

Peak Stages and Discharges

Peak stages, discharges, and recurrence intervals for this flood and the maximum previous flood of record are presented for 16 stations in table 3. Because of the intensity and duration of rainfall, 8 of the 12 stations having established flood-frequency relations had peak discharges with recurrence intervals of 5 years or n}ore, and 4 of the 12 stations had peak discharges with recurrence intervals of greater than 100 years. Streams located in and near the city of Hot Springs, where the highest rainfall totals were recorded, experienced the largest floods. Peak discharges for Fourche A Loupe ancj Gulpha Creek near Hot Springs, and Valley Creek near Point Cedar had recurrence intervals greater than 100 years. Because Hot Springs Creek at Hot Springs is highly urbanized, the seven-parameter urban equations described by Neely (1987) were used to compute recurrence intervals. For other stations, the four- parameter rural equations developed by Neely (1987) wjere used. The peak discharge of Hot Springs Creek had a recurrence interval of 8 years, a| value significantly below recurrence intervals for other streams in the vicinity. Possible explanations for the lower recurrence interval are (1) the main stem and principal tributary (of Hot Springs Creek flow through a series of tunnels, which were overtopped; (2) the drainage-basin shape above the station is unique in that flow is restricted in a 300-fl-wide gorge between West Mountain and Hot Springs Mountain immediately downstream from the confluence of the principal tributary and Hot Springs Creek; and (3) the flood plain and main channel are severely encroached upon by buildings located at the edge of the main channel banks. These conditions may create considerable storage in the upstream reaches of Hot Springs Creek, thereby reducing the magnitude of the peak discharge in the lower reach, where the station is Ibcated. Large floods also occurred at stations on Rock Creek near Glenwood and Little Sugarlo&f Creek near Bonnerdale, where peak discharges had recurrence intervals of 50- and 35-years, respectively.

8

Tabl* 3. Summary of peak stage* mad discharge* for streams and lake* in the study area

[mi 2 , square miles; ft' /s, cubic feet per second; , data not available;>, greater than; <, less than]

Maximum floodsPrior to Mav 1990 Flood of Mav 20

Map Station number number

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

07357500

07358010

07358285

07358500

07358700

07359000

07359500

07359610

07359700

07359710

07359750

07359805

07359900

07360000

07361500

07362715

Station name and location

Lake Ouachita near Hot Springs Fourche A Loupe Creek near Hot Springs Hot Springs Creekat Hot SpringsLake Hamilton nearHot SpringsGulpha Creek nearHot SpringsLake Catherine atJones MillOuachita Rivernear MalvernCaddo River nearCaddo GapCaddo River atGlenwoodRock Creek nearGlenwoodLittle SugarloafCreek nearBonne rdaleValley Creek nearPoint CedarDeGray Lake nearArkadelphiaOuachita Riverat ArkadelphiaAntoine Riverat AntoineBig Creek nearCrows

Drainage area Period (mi 2 } of record

1, 102

4.37

4. 91

4 357

38.8

4 447

4 483

136

201

8.62

2.32

7.62

431

4 1,212

178

4.73

1952-

1930-

1924-

1903-051923-901988-

1939-

1989-

1962-83

1989-

1969-

1914-

1905,1951-1988-

Gage Dis- Gage height charge height

Date (feet) (ft 3 /s) (feet)

12-5-82 590.

3-31-45

4-21-27

5-15-23

3-08-90

5-13-68

2-15-89

6-07-74

3-29-89

6-11-74

3-30-45

5- -05

12-28-87

402

315

30

20

31

10

14

10

417

30

29

5

10

.28

.75

.3

.18

.40

.23

.55

.62

.79

.3

.7

.78

1 587

45

532

402

320

318

140,000 29

15

88,000 18

3,700 13

3,450 12

16

3 417

170,000 27

40,000 23

3

.40

.8

.0

.88

.4

.0

.0

.37

.16

.58

.6

.9

.40

.87

.47

.7

Dis charge (ft' /s)

7,660

3,420

__

38,000

--

166,000

16,200

23,000

7,450

3,160

10, 300

105,000

14,800

1, 610

. 1990Recur rence

interval (years) 2

>100

8

5 <100

>100

5 >100

__6

3

2

50

35

>100

3

A

1 Shown on figure 1.2 Neely (1987) .3 Peak occurred on May 23, 1990.4 Drainage area below Lake Ouachita.5 Records furnished by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District.6 Regulated stream.7 Not determined.

Flood stages on Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine on the main stem of the Ouachita River were near or above the 100-year flood stage. The Lake Hamilton station near Hot Springs is located at Carpenter Dam and the peak stage at this site was 402.88 ft above seal level. The 100-year flood stage at Carpenter Dam is 403.0 ft above sea level, only 0.12 foot higher than the May 19-20 peak stage (Charles McKinnie, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, written commun., 1991). Stage data for Lake Catherine at Jones Mill are collected at Remmel Dam. The peak stage for Lake Catherine was determined from a high-water mark inside the gage house located on top of Remmel Dam. The high-water mark was at a stage of 318.0 ft above sea level, which is 5.0 ft higher than the 100-year flood stage (Charles McKinnie, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, written commun., 1991). Remmel Dam was overtopped by 2.66 ft at the peak stage of the flood. Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine rose 3.87 and 13.46 ft, respectively, above the 1:00 a.m. stage on May 19 because of the extremely high local runoff below Blakely Mountain Dam (table 4). All power generation at Blakely Mountain Dam was suspended after 9:00 p.m. on May 19, and no flow was released downstream until after May 20.

Table 4.--Hourly at ago and storage in lakas on the Ouachita .Riverfor May 19-20, 1990

Staae, in feetTime Lake Ouachita2

0100 0200 0300040005000600070008000900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002100220023002400010002000300040005000600070008000900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002100220023002400

582 582 582582582582582582583583583583583583583583583584584584584584584584584584584584585585585585585585585585585585585585585585586586586586586586

.81

.80

.80

.80

.80

.82

.85

.90

.10

.15

.22

.35

.55

.65

.78

.88

.96

.02

.08

.08

.28

.27

.42

.57

.63

.77

.86

.93

.15

.18

.23

.35

.45

.55

.60

.67

.78

.82

.87

.92

.94

.99

.01

.06

.10

.11

.14

.16

Lake Hamilton3

399. 399. 399.399.399.399.398.398.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.399.400.400.402.402.402.402.401.401.401.400.400.400.401.401.401.401.401.401.401.400.400.400.400.400.400.399.399.

01 06 07080103969906080605090912131415151642179500628865965832878995123238413838089578553017069995

Lake Catherine

' 304 304 304304304304304304304304304304304304304304304304304304304304305306307307310313317

5 3175 317317313313308307304304303303303303304304304304304304

May 19

.19

.21

.28

.52

.41

.19

.57

.43

.42

.48

.53

.57

.61

.70

.67

.58

.54

.46

.38

.33

.24

.60

.58

.66

.48

.91

.75

.50

.00

.65

.65

.00

.50

.00

.50

.00

.40

.40

.80

.75

.70

.70

.27

.55

.70

.82

.39

.24

Storaae. in acre-feet 13 Lake Ouachita2

, 1990

2,352,100 2,351,700 2,351,7002,351,7002,:2,: .

J51, 700!52,500

2, 353,8002,355, 9002,364,5002, 366,6002, 369, 6002, 375,1002,383, 6002, 387, 9002,:2,:2,'

!93, 400597,70001,100

2,403,7002,406,2002,406,2002,414,8002,414,3002,420,7002,427, 1002,429,7002, 435, 6002, 439,5002,442,5002,452,3002,453,7002,455, 9002,461, 4002,466,0002, 470,5002,472,8002, 476,0002, 481,0002, 482, 8002, 485, 1002, 487,4002, 488, 3002,490,5002, 491, 4002,493,7002,495,5002,4|96,0002, 4!97, 4002, 4J98, 300

Lake Hamilton3 Lake Catherine3

183,200 183, 600 183, 600183,700183,200183, 400182, 900183,100183, 600183,700183, 600183,500183,800183, 800184,000184,100184,100184,200184,200184, 300186, 100191,400197,200205, 600211, 100213,400211, 300205, 300202,200200, 100196, 600196, 700197,200198,500200,100200, 600200,800200, 600200, 600198,200197,200195, 900194,200192, 300191,400190, 600190, 000189,800

33, 33, 33,34,34,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,33,33,34,36,38,40,41,47,53,

' 61,'63,

6 63,' 61,53,52,42,39,34,34,32,32,32,32,33,34,34,34,34,33,

700 740 880330120700430160140260350430500680620450370220070970800490390620360280480810860240240860810660540340100100980880790790860390680910080800

'For level pool conditions.

2 Records furnished by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District.

3 Records furnished by Arkansas Power and Light Co.

* Add 0.34 feet to stages of Lake Catherine to convert to sea level.

5 From high-water mark.

6 Estimated.

10

Flood Profiles

Water-surface profiles were prepared for reaches of the Ouachita River, Gulpha Creek, Hot Springs Creek, and Whittington Creek. The locations of these streams within the study area are shown in figure 4 and the water-surface profiles are shown in figures 5-9. During a field reconnaissance the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers set temporary benchmarks to reference the high- water marks that were flagged for each stream. The temporary benchmarks and high-water marks were surveyed and referenced to sea level by the U.S. Geological Survey. Exceptions are the high-water mark elevations at Carpenter Dam and Blakely Mountain Dam, which were supplied by Arkansas Power and Light Company and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, respectively.

High-water marks along the Ouachita River indicate that the deck of the State Highway 128 bridge, 0.5 miles downstream of Carpenter Dam, would have been overtopped by about 5 ft if the bridge had not been destroyed. At the State Highway 84 bridge, 0.3 miles downstream from Interstate 30, the upstream high-water marks indicate the bridge deck would not have been completely submerged, but this bridge also was destroyed. No bridges were destroyed along Gulpha, Hot Springs, and Whittington Creeks, however, each creek overtopped several bridges. Numerous high-water marks were located and surveyed in order to develop the water-surface profile of Hot Spring Creek along the Central Avenue reach but, for clarity, only randomly selected floodmark elevations are shown in figure 7. Water depths along Central Avenue were 2 to 4 ft above the sidewalks. Visitors and businessmen reported that cars were transported downstream by the swift current and smashed into other vehicles and buildings. All high-water mark elevations and corresponding locations for sites surveyed by the U.S. Geological Survey are listed in Appendix 2.

Flood Hvdrographs

Stage is recorded hourly at 7 of the 16 stations in the study area. Hydrographs for 6 of the 7 stations are shown in figures 10-12. The hydrograph for Lake Ouachita near Hot Springs was not plotted because of the small rise in stage. The hydrograph for Caddo River near Caddo Gap had a double peak because of the rainfall distribution with respect to time; downstream at Glen wood a single peak was observed (fig. 10). Caddo River at Glen wood had a moderate rise of 4 ft over bankfull stage. Hourly stages for May 19-20 for Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine, as recorded by personnel of Arkansas Power and Light Company, at Carpenter Dam and Remmel Dam, respectively, are shown in figure 11. The peak stage for Lake Catherine was recovered from a high-water mark because the recording gage was submerged. The 100-year flood stage (fig. 11) is shown to illustrate the magnitude of flooding on each lake. Also, the elevation of the top of Remmel Dam is shown for Lake Catherine at Jones Mill. Floodwaters of Lake Catherine overtopped Remmel Dam for approximately 4 hours and remained above the 100-year flood stage for approximately 6 hours. Stage hydrographs for Antoine River at Antoine and Ouachita River at Arkadelphia are shown in figure 12. No significant overbank flooding was experienced along the main stem of the Antoine River because the peak stage was only slightly above bankfull stage. Flooding along the Ouachita River at Arkadelphia, however, was substantial. At Arkadelphia, State Highways 7 and 51 and several county roads were closed because of flooding. Considerable agricultural flooding also occurred along the main stem of the Ouachita River.

11

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19

ANTOINE RIVER AT ANTOINE

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Figure 12. Stages for Antoine River at Antoine (07361500) and Ouachita River at Arkadelphia (07360000) for the May 19-20, 1990, flood.

20

SUMMARY

Heavy rainfall from severe thunderstorms in west-central Arkansas resulted in extensive flash flooding in the vicinity of Hot Springs on May 19-20, 1990. Recurrence intervals for maximum rainfall totals for 6-, 12-, and 24-hour periods exceeded 100 years at Carpenter Dam and at Remmel Dam. The largest 24-hour rainfall total was 12.97 inches, recorded at the National Park Service in Hot Springs on May 20.

Runoff from the heavy rainfall caused extensive property damage in the city of Hot Springs and along the main stem of the Ouachita River below Blakely Mountain Dam. Hot Springs city officials estimated damage to private and public property to be $5.3 million. Flooding on the Ouachita River destroyed two bridges and damaged a hydroelectric plant and a switching yard. In the vicinity of Hot Springs, the American Red Cross estimated 160 homes were destroyed because of flooding.

Peak stages and discharges at 16 stations were compiled. At Fourche A Loupe Creek near Hot Springs, Gulpha Creek near Hot Springs, and Valley Creek near Point Cedar, peak discharges had recurrence intervals that exceed 100 years. Floodwaters of Lake Hamilton near Hot Springs and Lake Catherine at Jones Mill on the main stem of the Ouachita River were near or above the 100-year flood stage for each lake. The water-surface profiles of Ouachita River, Gulpha Creek, Hot Springs Creek, and Whittington Creek were developed from elevations of high-water marks flagged by personnel of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, and surveyed by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey. High-water marks on Hot Springs Creek along Central Avenue indicated water depths were 2 to 4 ft on the sidewalks in downtown Hot Springs. Stage hydrographs for six stations within the study area were plotted to illustrate the duration of flooding on selected streams.

21

SELECTED REFERENCES

Collins, D.L., 1977, Computation of records of streamflow at control structures: Water- Resources Investigations 77-8, 57 p.

Matthai, H.F., 1967, Measurement of peak discharge at width contractions by indirect methods: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter A4, 44 p.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1990, Climatological data, Arkansas, NationalClimatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, p. 7.

Neely, B.L., Jr., 1987, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4335, 51 p.

Shearman, J.O., 1990, User's manual for WSPRO-A computer model for water surface profile computations: FHWA-IP-89-027, 187 p.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, Jun£ 1974, Flood plain information, city of Hot Springs, Arkansas, 29 p.

May 1990, Reconnaissance report flood control study, Hot Springs, Arkansas, 18 p.

Weather Bureau, 1961, Rainfall frequency atlas of the United States: U.S. Department of Commerce Technical Paper No. 40, 61 p.

22

APPENDIX 1

Names and locations of stations within the study area

1-1

Appendix 1.--Names and locations of stations within the study area

Map Stationnumber number Station name Location

07357500 Lake Ouachita near Hot Springs, Ark.

07358010 Fourche A Loupe Creek near Hot Springs, Ark.

07358285 Hot Springs Creek at Hot Springs, Ark.

07358500 Lake Hamilton near Hot Springs, Ark.

07358700 Gulpha Creek near Hot Springs, Ark.

Lat 34°34'20", long 93°11'50", in NE 1/4 sec.12, T.2 S., R.21 W., Garland County, Hydrologic Unit 08040101, at Blakely Mountain Dam on Ouachita River, 2.4 mi upstream from Glazypeau Creek, 3.8 mi downstream from Mill Creek, 10.0 mi northwest of Hot Springs, and at mile 487.0.

Lat 34°23'00", long 93°07'57", SW 1/4 sec. 15, T.4 S., R.20 W., Hot Spring County, Hydrologic Unit 08040101, at bridge on State Highway 7 and 9.2 mi southwest of Hot Springs.

Lat 34°29'15", long 93°02'56", in SE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.4, T.3 S., R.19 W., Garland County, Hydrologic Unit 08040101, at bridge on Belding Street in Hot Springs.

Lat 34°26'36", long 93°0r33", in sec.27, T.3 S., R.19W., Garland County, Hydrologic Unit 08040101, at Carpenter Dam on Ouachita River, 1.5 mi down stream from Hot Springs Creek, and 4.5 mi southeast of Hot Springs.

Lat 34°28'16", long 92°59'09", E 1/2 sec. 13, T.3 S., R.19 W., Garland County, Hydrologic Unit 08040101, at bridge on U.S. Highway 270, 4.6 mi southeast of Hot Springs.

1-2

Appendix l.~Names and locations of stations within the study area-Continued

Map Station number number Station name Location

07359000 Lake Catherine at Jones Mill, Ark.

07359500 Ouachita River near Malvern, Ark.

07359610 Caddo River near Caddo Gap, Ark.

07359700 Caddo River at Glenwood, Ark.

10 07359710 Rock Creek near Glenwood, Ark.

Lat 34025'35", long 92°53'40", in SW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.36, T.3 S., R.18 W., Hot Spring County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at Remmel Dam on Ouachita River at Jones Mill.

Lat 34023'10", long 92°50'20", inNWl/4sec.!6,T.4S., R.17 W., Hot Spring County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on State Highway 84, 2.0 mi northwest of Malvern, 5.8 mi downstream from Remmel Dam, and at mile 450.1.

Lat 34°22'59", long 93°36'21" in SW NE sec. 19 T.4 S., R.24 W., Montgomery County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on State Highway 240, 1.3 mi southeast of Caddo Gap.

Lat 34°19'20", long 93°33'10", sec. 10, T.5 S., R.24 W., Pike County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on U.S. Highway 70 at Glenwood, and at mile 52.1.

Lat 34°18'34", long 93°32'21", in NW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.9, T.5 S., R.24 W., Pike County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on State Highway 8, 1.3 mi southeast of Glenwood.

1-3

Appendix l.-Names and locations of stations within the study area-Continued


11 07359750 Little Sugarloaf Creek near Bonnerdale, Ark.

12 07359805 Valley Creek near Point Cedar, Ark.

13 07359900 DeGray Lake near Arkadelphia, Ark.

14 07360000 Ouachita River at Arkadelphia, Ark.

15 07361500 Antoine River at Antoine, Ark.

Lat 34°21'40", long 93°27'30" in NW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.27, T.4 S., R.23 W., Montgomery County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on U.S. Highway 70, 4.7 mi southwest of Bonnerdale.

Lat 34°19'16", long 93°15'24", in NW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.9, T.5 S., R.21 W., Hot Spring County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on State Highway 84, 2.9 mi east of Point Cedar.

Lat 34°12'54", long 93°06'46", in NW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec. 14, T.6 S., R.20 W., Clark County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at DeGray Dam on Caddo River, 2.5 mi upstream from DeGray Creek, 3.3 mi northwest of Caddo Valley, 7.4 mi northwest of Arkadelphia, and at mile 7.9.

Lat 34°07'16", long 93°02'46", insec.!7,T.7S., R.19W., Clark County, Hydrologic Unit 08040102, at bridge on State Highway 7 at Arkadelphia, 5.4 mi downstream from Caddo River, and at mile 420.6.

Lat 34°02'20", long 93°25'05", in NW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.24, T.8 S., R.23 W., Pike County, Hydrologic Unit 08040103, at State Highway 26 at Antoine, 1.6 mi downstream from Brushy Creek, 1.9 mi down stream from Suck Creek, and at mile 8.5.

1-4

Appendix l.--Names and locations of stations within the study area-Continued


16 07362715 Big Creek near Crows, Ark. Lat 34°37'00", long 92°43'35", in NE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.28, T.I S., R.16 W., Saline County, Hydro- logic Unit 08040203, at bridge on State Highway 5, 2.5 mi east of Crow.

Shown in figure 1.

1-5

APPENDIX 2

High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20, 1990

2-1

Appendix 2. --High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for theflood of May 19-20, 1990

[HWM, high-water-mark; TBM, temporary bench mark; --, data not available]

High-water- Temporary High-water mark bench mark mark number elevation elevation

Description of high-water mark and temporary bench mark location

Hot Springs Creek

HSC1 583.57 586.3

HSC2 582.5

HSC3 578.60 581.7

HSC4 575.32 575.3

HSC5 578.2

HSC6 571.24 572.0

HSC7 562.2

HWM is mud line in parking garage of Arkansas Power and Light Company building. HWM is 2.77 feet higher than TBM and 4.44 feet higher than sidewalk. TBM for HWM is in power pole between Arkansas Power and Light Company building and sawmill depot.

No TBM was set for HWM. HWM is 1.73 feet above slab at back door of small room next to large garage doors in the rear of the Arkansas Louisiana Gas Company building.

HWM is mud line in Gary Thomas building on inside wall of entrance of building. Mud line is 0.98 foot above inside floor of loading area. TBM is nail in power pole on the back side corner of the Gary Thomas building.

HWM is debris line on corner of Frazer Oil Company building located at the corner of Creek and Valley Streets. The orange painted spot is the HWM on the creek side of the building.

No TBM was set for HWM. The HWM is the wood crossties in front of the Cheese Corner Sandwich Shoppe. Water reached the crossties, but did not enter the building.

HWM is debris line on tree behind Treadway Electric Company building. HWM is 0.81 foot higher than the TBM. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the back corner of the Treadway Electric building on Orange Street.

No TBM wafe set. C.J. Homers Building Supply on Grand Avenue had approximately 0.54 foot of water in the offices and approximately 1.2 feet in the restrooms. HWM is nail in fence post at gate entrance to supply yard.

2-2

Appendix 2.-High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20, 1990-Continued

High-water- Temporary High-water mark bench mark mark ..number elevation elevation


HSC8 562.29 563.3

HSC9

HSC10

562.29 562.2

556.76 558.3

HSC11

HSC12

HSC13

556.76 556.6

546.81 547.6

HSC14 538.51 542.0

HSC15 538.51 538.2

HWM is debris line in Hot Springs Tire Town building. The water was 1.96 feet high inside shop area of building. The owners said that the water got over the fireplug at the edge of their lot. TBM is nail in power pole at the intersection of Valley and East Grand Streets next to fireplug.

TBM is the same as TBM for HSC8. HWM is debris line on fence next to Young's Trading Center upstream of Grand Avenue.

HWM is mud line on cola machine inside Pepsi Cola building, 0.71 foot above the floor of the warehouse. The TBM is a nail in power pole next to Dykes Lumber Company on the downstream side of Maurice Street.

HWM is debris line on gravel pile on downstream side of Maurice Street bridge. The TBM is the same as for HSC10.

Rodgers Lumber Supply had 0.9 foot of water in the main office building. Water got 2.84 feet high just outside the front office door on brick wall.

HWM is debris line in fenced area next to Hot Springs Sanitation Department office building. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the southeast corner of the Runyon Street bridge.

HWM is debris line on front of Sanders Plumbing Supply. HWM mark is approximately 2 feet above ground. The TBM is a nail in power pole number 92 between Sanders and Coleman Milk Company on Valley Street.

HWM is debris line on fence on the downstream side of low water crossing next to Sanders Plumbing. The TBM is the same as for HSC14.

2-3

Appendix 2. --High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20, 1990-Continued

High-water- Temporary High-water mark bench mark mark

number elevation elevationDescription of high-water mark and

temporary bench-mark location

HSC16 529.17 530.3

HSC17 523.45 523.6

HSC18

HSC19

HSC20

523.45

523.45

497.65

522.8

522.0

496.1

HSC21 461.57 459.4

HSC22 475.58 474.0

HWM is a debris line approximately 200 feet downstream of the Belding Street bridge on the left descending bank. TBM is nail in power pole in front of Kerr Security Alarms office building.

HWM is debris line in front of Permanent Casting Inc. It's approximately 200 feet upstream of railroad bridge. TBM is a spike in railroad bridge pier on the upstream side next to the right lane of the highway on creek side of bridge underpass.

HWM is a debris line immediately upstream of railroad bridge. TBM is the same as for HSC17.

HWM is a debris line approximately 150 feet downstream of railroad bridge on left descending bank. TBM is the same as HSC17 and HSC18.

HWM is debris line upstream of the intersection of Underwood Street and Shady Grove Road. Water did overtop the bridge at Underwood Street. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the northeast corner of the Underwood Street bridge.

HWM is debris line located immediately upstream of Golf Links Road bridge on left descending bank. TBM is oranlge painted spot on northeast corner of Golf Links Road bridge.

HWM is debris line on concrete blocks under house at 718 Chelsea Street. The TBM is a nail in power pole at the intersection of Chelsea and Adams Streets.

HSC23 412.78 410.6 HWM is a debris line in yard at 730 Fontana Street. The TBM is a nail in power pole next to 730 Fontana Street.

2-4

Appendix 2. -High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990-Continued



temporary bench mark location

Hot Springs Creek along Central Avenue

HSC24

HSC25

629.9

627.9

Heart Rock Cafe-Bakery 101 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.83 feet on downstream side of building

Colonial Pancake House 101 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.71 feet above door sill.

HSC26 626.9 115-A Central Avenue. HWM is 1.27 feet above inside floor.

HSC27 627.3 115-B Central Avenue. HWM is 1.71 feet above door sill.

HSC28 627.3 117-B Central Avenue. HWM is 1.92 feet above door sill.

HSC29 626.6 119 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.67 feet above door sill.

HSC30 626.4 121 1/2 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.54 feet above door sill.

HSC31 626.6 The Gift Tree 121 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.54 feet above door sill.

HSC32 627.0 Downtowner Hotel entrance on Central Avenue. HWM's are 0.92 feet above outside window sill of lobby window and 3.54 feet above lobby floor inside.

HSC33 624.7 DeSoto Hotel. HWM is 3.53 feet above outside sidewalk.

HSC34

HSC35

622.7

622.3

Arlington Parking Garage

National Park Aquarium 209 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.31 feet above floor.

2-5

Appendix 2 .-High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20, 1990-Continued




HSC36 619.4 Arkansas Craft Gallery and The Potpourri Shop. HWM is 1.69 feet above door sill.

HSC37 620.9 Arlington Hotel. HWM is 7 feet of water in basement.

HSC38 619.5 The Classic Lady Aristocrat Motel, 238 Central Avenue. HWM is 3.8 feet above door sill.

HSC39 619.8 All States Liquors, 220 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.9 feet above sidewalk on display case in front of store.

HSC40 620.3 All States Liquor, 220 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.5 feet above floor at the front of the store.

HSC41 622.3 Pancake House, 216 Central Avenue. HWM is 0.75 foot above floor.

HSC42 621.0 Johnson Florist, 214 Central Avenue. HWM is 0.92 foot above floor.

HSC43 621.0 RenaissanceBeautyShop,212 Central Avenue. HWM is 0.92 foot above floor.

HSC44 623.2 New Orleans Cafe, 210 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.67 feet over door sill.

HSC45

HSC46

HSC47

621.4

622.9

623.6

Central Avenue median in front of New Orleans Cafe, 210 Central Avenue.

Display case on sidewalk in front of parking garage adjacent to the New Orleans Cafe. HWM is 2.65 feet above sidewalk on display case.

Mountain Valley Water, 150 Central Avenue. HWMis 0.29 foot above floor.

HSC48 625.4 Display cas^ on sidewalk next to Mountain Valley Water parking lot. HWM is 2.27 feet above sidewalk on display case.

2-6

Appendix 2.-High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990-Continued



HSC49 627.8 The Springy Dingy, 126 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.12 feet above floor.

HSC50 628.1 The Magnolia Cottage, 124 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.04 feet above floor.

HSC51

HSC52

628.9

629.8

Display case on sidewalk next to Tillman's, 118 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.8 feet above sidewalk on display case.

Tillman's, 118 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.72 feet above floor on the outside of door.

HSC53 629.3 The Write Touch, 112 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.42 feet above floor.

HSC54 629.2 Serendipity, 110 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.17 feet above floor.

HSC55 617.1 Aristocrat Hotel. HWM is 0.08 foot above lobby floor.

HSC56 615.9 Crown Colony Beutique Aristocrat Hotel Building, 244 Central Avenue. HWM is 0.25 foot above floor.

HSC57 617.2 Wax Museum, 250 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.5 feet above floor on outside door.

HSC58 616.3 Parker Central Gallery. HWM is 2.42 feet above floor.

HSC59 615.9 The Hollow Log, 262 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.10 feet above door sill.

HSC60 615.6 Crystal Pyramid, 264 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.88 feet above door sill.

HSC61 614.6 Golden LeavesBookstore, 308 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.22 feet above door sill.

HSC62 613.2 Craft Fair, 330 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.40 feet above door sill.

2-7





HSC63 612.9 Granny's Kitchen, 332 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.25 feet above door sill.

HSC64 613.3 Trash container in front of 336 Central Avenue. HWM is 3.17 feet above sidewalk.

HSC65

HSC66

613.7

612.6

336 Central Avenue. HWM is debris piled 3.33 feet above sidewalk. Water elevation may have been higher.

346 1/2 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.58 feet above concrete floor.

HSC67 612.5 Toy Chest, 348 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.83 feet above sidewalk outside of store.


HSC69

HSC70

611.3

611.4

Display case on sidewalk in park area across the street from Maurice Bath House. HWM is 2.73 feet above sidewalk on display case.

Palm Reader, 364 Central Avenue. HWM is 3.25 feet above sidewalk.


HSC72

HSC73

610.4

607.8

Stoneciphers. HWM is 2.88 feet above sidewalk.

Lewis M. Cohen, 416 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.71 feet above sidewalk.

HSC74 606.8 S.T.D. Amusement Co., 418 Central Avenue. HWMis 1.48 feet above door sill.

HSC75 607.2 424 Central Avenue. HWM is 3.06 feet above sidewalk.

HSC76 606.4 Debris linfe is 83 feet from fire hydrant on nearby parking lott on the corner of Central Avenue and Bath Street, between parking spaces 10 and 25.

2-8

Appendix 2.--High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20, 1990-Continued

High-water- Temporary mark bench mark

number elevation

HSC77

HSC78

HSC79

HSC80

HSC81

HSC82

HSC83

HSC84

HSC85

HSC86

HSC87

HSC88

High-water mark

elevation

605.9

604.1

602.4

603.0

600.2

598.0

597.5

598.3

598.4

598.8

597.9

598.2

Description of high-water mark and temoorarv bench mark location

Paper machines at 510 Central Avenue. HWM is debris 3.62 feet above sidewalk.

Agostino's Restaurant, 510 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.58 ft above door sill.

Old Walgreen's, 524 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.92 feet above sidewalk.

Hot Springs Info Office, 600 Central Avenue. HWM is 3.17 feet above sidewalk.

Parking lot adjacent to 620 Central Avenue. HWM is between spaces 6 and 7.

Central Wigs, 704 Central Avenue. HWM is 1.92 feet above sidewalk.

Herr-Chambliss Fine Arts, 718 Central Avenue. HWM is 2.62 feet above floor.

Robert Herman Galleries, Inc., 724 Central Avenue. HWM is 3.96 feet high on glass at front door.

Lockwood's Mens Store, 726 Central Avenue. HWM is 4.08 feet above sidewalk.

Black Kat Liquor, 709 Central Avenue. HWM is 4.75 feet above sidewalk.

723 Central Avenue. HWM is 4.75 feet above sidewalk on inside of window.

At intersection of Bridge Street and Central

HSC89

HSC90

597.1

598.7

Avenue. HWM is 4.67 feet above sidewalk on inside of traffic signal box.

Submarine Sandwich at Spencer's Corner. HWM is 1.75 feet above floor.

Sensational Sal's Yogurt at Spencer's Corner. HWM is 3.46 feet above floor on back wall of store.

2-9




HSC91 596.6 Shuckers Oyster Bar at Spencer's Corner. HWM is 1.33 feet above floor.

HSC92

HSC93

HSC94

HSC95

589.2

595.4

596.3

595.6

ABT Tower Building North side of building. HWM is 1.60 feet above sidewalk.

ABT East Wing on Malvern Avenue. HWM at top of handrail on east side of building according to ABT employee.

Our House Lounge and Restaurant at corner of Convention Boulevard and Malvern Avenue. HWM is 2.42 feet above outside sidewalk at entrance.

Craighead âundry and Cleaners 225 Malvern Avenue. H\VM is 0.33 foot above floor.

Hot Springs Creek along Park Avenue

HSC96

HSC97

HSC98

HSC99

HSC100

HSC101

630.8

631.0

639.6

639.4

641.5

641.2

HWM is 1.17 feet above door sill of Majestic Sundry Store on outside of glass door.

HWM is 0.71 foot above door sill of The Book Bindery on outside of glass door.

HWM is 0.17 foot high on gas pump island curb at Gene's Texaco Service Station, 311 Park Avenue.

HWM is 0.21 foot high on outside of glass door at Loyd Real Estate, 310 Park Avenue.

HWM is 0.54 foot high on the back doors of The Vapors business. The doors each have an oval glass window.

HWM is on Park Avenue nail 1.0 the HWM.

feet

the second power pole upstream of the and Ramble Street intersection. A above ground level is the height of

2-10




HSC102

HSC103

641.6

644.3

HWM is 0.5 foot above top of concrete headwall of tunnel at the back of Vapors parking lot.

HWM is 0.5 foot high on floor of North Star Liquor Store at 435 Park Avenue.

HSC104 645.1 HWM is 0.60 foot above door sill on inside of door at old service station at 437 Park Avenue.

HSC105 646.9 HWM is 1.12 feet above base of Air Conditioner Compressor on the back of northwest corner of Zac's Pizza at 501 Park Avenue.

HSC106 659.2 HWM is 0.5 foot above sidewalk against first step of Caruth Funeral Home at the corner of Holly Street and Park Avenue.

Whittington Creek

WC1 732.81 727.8 HWM is debris line approximately 75 feet downstream of Linn Street bridge on Whittington Creek. The TBM is a nail in power pole numbered 8112 at the intersection of Linn and Whittington Streets.

WC2 732.81 731.3 HWM is a debris line on opposite side of road from WC1 along road ditch. It appears water was coming off mountain and crossed the road and eventually washed out the Linn Street bridge abutment. The TBM is the same as for WC1.

WC3 720.84 719.5

WC4 717.8

The HWM is a seed line on the side of house at 1125 Whittington Avenue. The water got up 0.8 foot on the side of the house. The TBM is the front porch slab at 1125 Whittington Avenue.

The house at 1121 Whittington Avenue had 1 foot of water on concrete block foundation next to front porch steps. No TBM was set for WC4.

2-11

Appendix 2.--High-water-mark elevations in thd vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990-Continued




WC5 716.46 716.5

WC6

WC7 705.97 707.6

WC8 701.96 704.1

WC9

WC10

701.96

701.96

703.1

702.6

225 Walter^The HWM is a nail in power pole next to house at

Street. The power pole is on thedownstreairt side of Newton Street. The water did not enter the house but did flow under it doing damage to the foundation.

The HWM is on the house at 947 Whittington Avenue approximately 3.19 feet high on the back of the house. TiTie house is directly across from apartment complex entrance.

The HWM is a debris line in front of house at 914 Whittington Avenue. HWM is approximately 150feet upstream of Whittington Road arch culvert. The TBM is a nail in power pole in front of house at 1001 Whittington Avenue.

HWM is a debris line in the front yard of house at 909 Whittington Avenue. The TBM is an orange painted square on the wingwall of arch culvert in front of the Weyerhauser research building.

The HWM is a debris line in front of the Weyerhauser research building near the front entrance. The TBM is the same as for WC8.

HWM is debris line in front of house at 905 Whittington Avenue. The TBM is the same as for HC8 and WC9.

WC11 689.67 690.4

WC12 689.67 687.7

The HWM is a debris line in front of Weyerhauser plant on Whittington Avenue. The TBM is a nail in power pole near the entrance of the Alligator Farm on Whittington Avenue.

The HWM is a debris line on the side of the Alligator Farm building on Whittington Avenue. The TBM i the same as for WC11.

2-12

Appendix 2.--High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990-Continued



WC13 682.82 682.8

WC14 673.82 673.0

WC15

WC16

673.82 669.7

661.29 661.8

WC17

WC18

661.29 656.4

651.66 650.8

WC19 647.62 648.3

The HWM is a debris line behind large billboard sign next to house at 711 Whittington Avenue. The HWM is approximately 150 feet downstream of tunnel on upper end of Whittington Park area. The TBM is a nail in power pole in front of house at 642 Whittington Avenue.

The HWM is a debris line downstream of one of the Whittington Park cross bridges. The bridge is the second bridge from the upper end. It's directly across from the Park Service office. The TBM is a nail in power pole in front of house at 642 Whittington.

The HWM is a debris line upstream of third park bridge from upper end of Whittington Avenue park area. The TBM is the same as for WC14.

HWM is debris line 75 feet upstream of turn around road in Whittington Park at entrance to West Mountain Drive. The TBM is a nail in power pole in front of house at 510 Whittington Avenue. The power pole is directly in front of turn around road across from West Mountain Drive.

The HWM is a debris line 50 feet downstream of WestMountain Drive in Whittington Park. TheTBM is the same as for WC16.

The HWM is a debris line in front of house at 396 WhittingtonAvenue. The HWM is approximately 100 feet downstream of turn around road across park. Water did cover the entire park and streets at this point in the park. The TBM is a nail in power pole in front of house at 396 Whittington Avenue.

HWM is a debris line at the entrance to Whittington Park. The HWM is located on the left descending bank near the entrance to the arch tunnel. The TBM is a nail in power pole at the entrance to Whittington Avenue Park next to the 25 MPH speed limit sign. 2-13

Appendix 2. --High-water-mark elevations in thq vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20, 1990-tontinued




WC20 646.2 The HWM i^ on light pole along Whittington Avenue at Whittifigton Avenue and Willow Street intersection.

WC21 646.8

WC22 642.2

The HWM is on telephone pole about 0.33 feet above underground telephone cable sign. Telephone pole is located at the intersection of Whittington Avenue and Willow Street.

The HWM is debris line on parking lot about 8 feet left of steps of the Knit Shop at 312A Whittington Avenue.

WC23 643.0 Water got iup to the sill of the front door of the Roanoke Baptist Church. The church had very little water seep in and the seepage was justlocated in located at

set. The si

the front entrance. The church is 315 Whittington at the intersection of

Orange Str jet and Whittington Avenue. No TBM was1 is the HWM.

WC24 638.45 637.4

WC25

WC26

WC27

WC28

635.9

633.8

633.2

634.4

The HWM is a debris line in front of 236 Whittington Avenue. A large parking lot is located just above retaining wall. The TBM is a nail in po^ver pole in front of Haven Methodist Church pat-king lot. The power pole is next to 25 MPH speed limit sign.

The HWM is located at hospital parking lot #6 at 236 Whittijigton Avenue. Water was over sidewalk up to Walnut Street intersection.

The HWMj is located 0.33 foot above sidewalk at gate entrance to Bella Vista Apartments at 230 Whittington Avenue.

The HWM is debris on top of manhole cover at Medical Resource Center 200 Whittington Avenue.

The HWM is 4.92 feet above sidewalk at the entrance to First Presbyterian Church adjacent to parking lot.

2-14




WC29 633.4 The HWM is 0.67 foot above concrete porch entrance to First Presbyterian Church along Whittington Avenue.

WC30 629.30 631.6

WC31

WC32

633.7

632.4

The HWM is a debris line located at the entrance to the First Presbyterian Church. The TBM is a nail in power pole between St. Mary's Catholic Church and the Burton-Eisele Clinic on Whittington Avenue.

The HWM is debris 3.46 feet high at the Water Street entrance to First Presbyterian Church.

The HWM is 1.96 feet high on emergency parking lot door to Doctor's Clinic on Water Street.

WC33 630.5 The HWM is 0.71 feet high on glass door to Doctor's Clinic.

WC34

WC35

631.1

631.2

WC36 629.30 630.6

The HWM is 0.5 foot above a natural stone retaining wall at Doctor's Clinic on Water Street.

The HWM is at first parking meter on Whittington Avenue in front of St. Mary's Catholic Church. The HWM is 4.0 feet above ground level at the parking meter.

The HWM is a debris line next to St. Mary's Catholic Church. The TBM is the same as for WC30.

WC37 629.30 630.8 The HWM is a debris line located on the front lawn of the St. Joseph's Regional Health Center. The TBM is the same as for WC30.

Stokes Creek

SCI 408.39 411.0 The HWM is a debris line found on an oak tree approximately 50 feet upstream of the Lakeshore Drive bridge which crosses Stokes Creek. Water overtopped the bridge by approximately 2.52 feet. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the downstream abutment on left descending bank of the above bridge. 2-15

Appendix 2. -High- water-mark elevations in thelvicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990-Continued

High-water mark number

Temporary bench mark elevation

High-water mark

elevationDescription of high-water mark and


SC2 440.09 442.4

SC3 463.39 462.0

The HWM i^ a debris line in front of 1705 Leonard Street. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the Stokes Creek Tributary bridge. The bridge is located at the intersection of South Glen Street and Leonard Street.

The HWM is a debris line on the left bank of the upstream sifte of the Kimery Road bridge. TBM is on the upstream side of bridge over a Stokes Creek tributary. It is an orange painted spot on the Kimery Road bridge abutment.

Lake Hamilton

LH1 405.41 402.7

LH2 403.07 401.8

LH3 406.39 403.8

LH4 403.7

The HWM iu a debris line next to private boat ramp at the end of Grand Point Drive. The TBM is a nail in power pole at the entrance to private drive just up from mentioned boat ramp. The pole is next to phone junction box numbered 2397.

The HWM is a debris line near the Holiday Inn boat ramp and dock on Highway 7. The TBM is an orange painted spojt on the corner of flag pole base near the above b<|>at dock.

The HWM is a debris line near the entrance to the Lake Hamilton Resort and Conference Center at Highway 270. The TBM is a nail in power pole next to Highway 270 and the entrance to the Hamilton Resort and Conference Center.

The HWM is a stain line in the Milligan and Bradford farina on the east side of the lake on the upstreaim side of Highway 70 bridge. No TBM was set for this HWM.

2-16


High-water- Temporary High-water mark bench mark mark 1



Lake Catherine

LC1 326.24 333.6

LC2 325.0

LC3 307.70 318.3

LC4 308.74 318.4

LC5 297.47 294.1

LC6 317.8

The HWM is a water line 7.33 feet above concrete porch slab at the first white house on the left on Cherokee Drive just off Highway 128 below Carpenter Dam. It is on the west side of Lake Catherine. The TBM is the back corner of the house and porch.

No TBM was set. The HWM is a debris line found on the brick wall of the cafeteria at the Couchdale Summer Camp. The HWM was measured to be 2.25 feet above the front porch.

The HWM is a debris line on cabin at the Lake Catherine State Park. The cabin is approximately 100 yards down stream of boat ramp. Note: The TBM is a nail in the power pole next to the Lake Catherine State Park boat ramp.

The HWM is a stain line which was 9.5 feet above the ground elevation at the Pearsons Landing picnic pavillion. The landing is at the upper end of Tigre Bay. The TBM is a nail in the power pole next to the boat ramp.

The HWM is a debris line on the downstream side of Remmel Dam on the left descending bank. The TBM is a nail in power pole approximately 150 feet downstream of Remmel Dam on the left descending bank. The power pole is just down the hill from the Remmel Dam access road.

No TBM was set. The HWM is a debris line on the fence that runs atop Remmel Dam. The HWM was 2.4 feet high on fence measured from above the top of the concrete walk running across dam. Walkway elevation is 315.34 feet.

2-17

Appendix 2. --High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990^-Continued



LC7 317.9

LC8 320.8

No TBM was set. The HWM is a wooden stake driven in the ground in the back yard of the house at 825 Van Street. The HWM is the ground elevation at the base bf the stake.

No TBM was set. The HWM is a stain line in the garage at 210 Elmwood Street.

Gulpha Creek

GCR1 327.45 320.6

GCR2 589.32 588.8

GCR3 544.83 535.7

GCR4 524.64 520.7

The HWM is a debris line immediately downstream of the Highway 270 bridge on the right descending bank. The TBM is an Arkansas Highway Depart ment bench mark on the right descending bank abutment on the downstream side.

The HWM is a debris line on upstream side of right descending bank at the Highway 70 bridge or Gorge Road bridge. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the Highway 70 bridge on the upstream side on the left descending bank abutment.

The HWM is a debris line below the Highway 70Bbridge or Grorge Road bridge. The HWM was on thedownstream side of the bridge just upstream of the amphitheatre. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the downstream side of the Highway 70 bridge on the downstream left descending bank abutment.

The HWM is a debris line on tree approximately 200 feet dowristream of the first set of restrooms in the park. Note: Water did get in park but only approximately 0.5 foot deep. The TBM is a nail in power pole on the park side of Highway 70B or Gorge Road. The power pole is approximately 300 feet upstream of the park entrance. The power pole number is 196-34-378-33-0.

2-18





GCR5 515.01 516.5

GCR6 490.8

GCR7 468.18 467.7

GCR8 453.22 449.4

GCR9 424.92 424.8

GCR10 398.67 402.1

The HWM is a debris line on the upstream side of the Gorge Road bridge at the entrance to the Hot Springs National Park Campgrounds. Note: The water overtopped the bridge by approximately 1.5 feet. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the upstream side of the Gorge Road bridge at the entrance to the park.

No TBM was set. The HWM is a debris line below the east bound lane of the Highway 70 bridge over Gulpha Creek. The HWM is an orange painted spot on the bridge curb. The HWM is 35.3 feet below orange painted spot.

The HWM is a debris line approximately 150 feet upstream of Spring Street bridge on the right descending bank. Note: Water did overtop the bridge approximately 0.5 foot. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the Spring Street bridge on the downstream side of the left descending bank.

The HWM is a debris line on the upstream right bank of the Vernell Street bridge over Gulpha Creek. The bridge was overtopped approximately 3.73 feet. The TBM is a nail in power pole in front of houses at addresses 912 and 920 Vernell Street. The pole is on the downstream side of the bridge.

The HWM is a debris line on the upstream right bank of the Honey Cut Street bridge. Water overtopped the bridge by approximately 0.89 foot. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the upstream right side of the bridge on Honey Cut Street.

The HWM is a stain line on a sign in the main office of Walkers Used Auto Parts at 2300 Spring Street. The TBM was reset and is a nail in the power pole with the no parking sign attached in the front of the parts house.

2-19

Appendix 2.--High-water-mark elevations in the vicinity of Hot Springs for the flood of May 19-20,1990-Continued

High -water mark number

GCR11


388.62

High-water mark

elevation

389.2

Description of high-water mark and temoor^rv bench mark location

The HWM is a debris line on the upstr earn rightbank of tfie bridge on Ridgeway Boulevard. Water overtopped the road approximately 3.46 feet. The TBM is a nail in power pole on the downstream right bank of the Rigeway Boulevard bridge.

Ouachita River

OR1 271.90 261.2

OR2 407.97 404.4

The HWM is a debris line on the downstream side of the 1-30 bridge over Ouachita River. The HWM is on the left descending bank. The TBM is an orange painted spot on the southeast corner of the 1-30 bridge.

The HWM is a debris line on tree next to Tina's Marina boat ramp. The marina is at the base of the upstream side of the Highway 270 bridge overthe river. The TBM is a nail in power pole at theleft side of the entrance when entering Tina's Marina.

Mazarn Creek

MAZC1

MAZC2

437.49

413.53

428.7

411.4

The HWM is a debris line upstream of Highway 227 bridge over Mazarn Creek. The TBM is a red painted spot on the northwest corner of bridge.

The HWM is a debris line behind the house on Mazarn Estates Road. The house is the second house on the right after a left turn off East Dallas Road. The TBM is a nail in power pole in the front yard of the above house.

2-20


High-water mark number

MAZC3


High-water mark

elevation

405.8

Description of high- water mark and temoorarv bench mark location

No TBM was set. The HWM is a stain line on insideof garage, 3.36 feet above garage floor. The address is Rt. 2 Box 865C, located 1.3 miles past Mazarn Estates Road toward Lake Hamilton.

High-water marks flagged by personnel of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District. Field surveys conducted by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey.

*U.S. Government Printing Office: 1992 664-193/40004 2-21

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FLOOD OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY OF HOT ... OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY OF HOT...

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