FLOOR FINISHESFLOOR SURFACE – top surface of a floor structureFLOOR LAYERS - thickness of floor in multiples of 50mm

FLOOR SCREEDS- provide a level surface to which a floor finish can be applied- protection of insulation layer- cement+sand+water / precast slabs / made ground- a screed laid on a concrete base should be at least 40mm thick, with wire net reinforcement at least 35mm thick

FLOOR FINISHES- materials that are applied to a floor surface as a finished surface- determinants in choosing floor finish1. type of building (residential, inddustrial, commercial)2. foot traffic (light, heavy, wheeled)3. special requirements (easy to clean, resistant to liquids, non-slip,...)4. cost (labor, manual)

FLOOR FINISHES CLASSIFICATION1.JOINTLESS 2.FLEXIBLE THIN SHEET AND TILE

3. RIGID TILE AND STONE SLABS 4. WOOD AND WOOD BASED

JOINTLESS FLOOR FINISHES

MASTIC ASPHALT PAVING- made from either limestone aggregate, natural rock or pitch-mastic - serves both floor finish and DPM- hardwearing, smooth, easy to clean, but slipery when wet- can be coloured

load grade thickness

light duty 15 – 20 mm

medium 20 – 25 mm

heavy duty 30 – 50 mm

GRANOLITHIC PAVING- cement screed finish- mixture of crushed granite which has been sieved + cement + water (spread uniformly and trowelled to a smooth flat surface)- factories, stores, garages- additives (sealers, hardeners) may be added to produce improve resistance to surface water

RESIN BASED FLOOR FINISH- durability, chemical resistance and hygiene required- laboratories, hospitals, food preparation buildings- epoxy resins as binders with cement, quartz, aggregate and pigments

FLEXIBLE THIN SHEET AND TILE FINISHES

LINOLEUM ( “cork lino“ )- smooth, easy to clean- oxidised linseed oil + resins + cork or wood flour + fillers + pigments pressed on a backing- laid over an effective damp-proof area - resilient, durable, resistant to oil and grease, quiet and warm underfoot- susceptible to water - in rolls (1,8 or 3,6 m long and from 2 to 6 mm thick) - tiles

VINYL FLOORS- a thermoplastic used in the manufacture of flexible sheets and tiles as a floor finish- combination of PVC (polyvinylchloride) as a binder with fillers, pigments and plasticizers to control flexibilty- wide range of colours, shapes of cuts and thicknesses- kitchens, bathrooms, offices- easy to clean, moderate wear, low cost

RUBBER FLOORS- made from synthetic rubber (SBR – styrene butadine rubber)- cured or vulcanized by the heat- waterproof, nonporous, resilient- susceptible to oil, alkalines, grease, ultraviolent light

CORK TILES- warm, quiet underfoot, resilient and water-resistant- susceptible to oil and grease, nondurable

CARPET FLOORS- installed wall-to-wall to eliminate maintanance of hard flooring- additional source of insulation (acoustical)- the most resilient floor finish

RIGID TILE AND STONE SLABS FINISHES

CLAY TILES- a mixture of clay shaped and fired at high temperature resulting in hard body- hard, durable floor surface for domestic and agricultural ground floors- cold and noisy underfoot

FLOOR QUARRIES- “carré“ = square- from natural plastic clay- the clay is ground, mixed with water and then moulded in hand operated process and then burned in a kiln- tiles vary in quality and size- colours: red, buff, black, heather brown-. Very durable, strong inexpensive

VITREOUS FLOOR TILES- special clay + felspar which gives a tile a semi-gloss finish- water-resistant, bit slippery when wet- tiles are uniform in shape and size- wide range of colours

CONCRETE TILES- made of cement and sand (hydraulically pressed to shape as floor tiling)

STONE SLABS- natural stone in units (larger than tiles)- from very hard slabs of granite to the less dense soft marble- hard, noisy and cold (when floor is not insluated) underfoot

Drawing of bathroom tiles design example

WOOD AND WOOD BASED FINISHES-

FLOOR BOARDS - boards are nailed to wood battens set in a screed or to batterns secured in floor clips

WOOD STRIP FLOORING- wood shrinks across the long grain (the wider the board, the greater the loss of width and shape --> narrow stripes- T & G strip flooring (edges are cut on one side to tongue and on the other side to groove)- secret nailing

Strip flooring fixed to battens and clips

BLOCK WOOD FLOORING- resistance to heavy wear is required- patterns : bonded, herringbone, basket weave- the top surface may be sanded

FLOOR FINISH ESTIMATED PRICES €/ m2

wood floor 25 – 270 €

stone paving 20 – 110 €

ceramic tiles 6 – 100 €

carpet 4 – 150 €

cork tiles 17 – 50 €

linoleum 30 – 45 €

PVC 4 – 30 €

PRICE COMPARISON

THANK YOU RESOURCES:

- Ernst and Peter Neufert: Architect´s Data 3rd edition, pg. 94- Emmitt S., Gorse Ch.: Barry´s Introduction to construction of Buildings, Willey-Blackwell, 2010- J.Vinarčíková, D.Lavrinčíková: Praktická príučka funkčných a technických požiadaviek na výstavbu, časť 5, diel 8 Stavebný interiér, kapitola 2- http://15123.fa.cvut.cz/?page=cz,pozemni-stavitelstvi-iii- http://www.sircontec.com/floors- http://www.slideshare.net/fdjaipur/floor-finish- http://imaterialy.dumabyt.cz/Technologie/Podlahove-konstrukcie-vpriemyselnych-budovach-haloveho-typu.html

NON-BEARING STRUCTURES – 3rd SEMESTER 2013/2014 – VIKTÓRIA ZACHAROVÁ