Flora of Kerala

8/20/2019 Flora of Kerala

1/89


2/89

!!""####""$$ % % & & ""'' ( ( ""% % ) ) **'' ( ( & & ( (

% % ""''** + + , , + +

MM..SS..KK..PPRRAATTHHAAPP

[email protected]

www.mskprathap.com


3/89

CCOOMMMMOONN FFLLOORRAA OOFF KKEERRAALLAA FFOORREESSTTSS

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or

otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the

author’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in

which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition

being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

Collected & Compiled by M.S.K.Prathap

Fisrt Published 2004

Second Edition 2005

Printed and bound in India


4/89

AACCKKNNOOWWLLEEDDGGEEMMEENNTTSS

I am grateful to my mother, Smt.P.Subhadra for her

invaluable assistance in making this book. I am also

extremely thankful to Sri.Amarnatha Shetty IFS, Conservator

of Forests, Eastern Circle, Palakkad who first encouraged

my interest in this kind of thing and provided much help to

collect botanical names of various species. And obviously it

would not have been possible to produce a work of this kind

without the aid of the various standard reference books.

Honorable mentions are Forest Trees of Kerala by

N.Sasidharan, Forest Plants of Kerala by Dr.P.N.Nair &

C.S.Nair, Flora of the Presidency of Madras by J.S.Gamble

& C.E.C.Fischer, Marshall Cavendish Illustrated

Encyclopedia of Plants & Earth Sciences and the great

Britannica Encyclopedia. Thanks are also due to various

web sites on plants and horticulture for providing illustrations

in this book.


5/89

M.S.K.Prathap

5

INTRODUCTION

The diversity of floristic wealth of Kerala Forests is well represented in the habitat,

species and genetic lands of biological spectrum. It is estimated that the flora of Kerala

comprises around 10000 species including cryophytes, lichens, algae and fungi. 3700 of

them are vascular plants in which 3500 are flowering plants. This book is an attempt to

collect and compile botanical names and vernacular names of common plants of Kerala

Forests.

Classification of Plants

Plants can be grouped together according to their form or function in a variety of ways.

One of the most obvious takes into account the overall form of the plant. Habit is one way

of discussing overall form. The following are the more common habits of plants:

v Trees: Woody plants with a single or few trunks near the base.

v Shrubs: Woody plants that branch near the base and therefore have several

trunks.

v Lianas: Woody plants that climb on other plants and use them for support.

They may climb via tendrils, hooks, pads, aerial roots, or other mechanisms.

v Herbs: Non-woody plants which includes Forbs, Graminoids, Ferns, etc.

Scientific Names & Botanical Names

The basic category of plants is the species. Every species on Earth has one, and only

one, correct scientific name by which it is known throughout the world. This species

name is called a binomial because, in fact, it is two words: the genus and the specific

epithet. The binomial system we use today was founded by the Swedish botanist

Linnaeus over 200 years ago. Since there has been a standard method of naming plants

and rules for the creation and application of new names, we not only can communicate

more effectively but also read works from Linnaeus's day and easily understand whichspecies the author was referring to. Common names are as popular as botanical names

since they are familiar with the common people. Unfortunately, many common names

are used for more than one plant and the name may vary from place to place. Some

plants, which are not economically important, have no common name at all.

Subspecies, Variety and Form

Often, a species exhibits some variation, such as different flower color, leaf shape, or

height. If this variation is sufficient to warrant naming a new species, then a new speciesis named; but if the variation is minor or there is a broad range of overlap, a subspecies,


6/89

Common Flora of Kerala Forests

6

variety, or form may be named. When one of these ranks is recognized, its name is

formed by using the species name followed by "ssp.," "var.," or "f.," an additional epithet,

and the name of the author of the subspecies, variety, or form. Which of these three

ranks is used depends upon the type and magnitude of the differences between it and

the other members of the species.

Subspecies is usually used to designate a group of populations that are approaching

species status, and given time it is expected that the subspecies will evolve into a

species. A subspecies is usually geographically distinct and has other characteristics that

distinguish it from the species; however, the degree of separation is insufficient to call it a

species. This is admittedly subjective and is one of the reasons why botanists change the

names of plants. An alternative view held by many botanists is that subspecies is a rank

between species and variety. In other words, subspecies are groups of varieties.

Variety has traditionally been used in the same manner as subspecies, to distinguish

taxa that are approaching species but have not yet reached species status. Variety is

also used to distinguish groups of populations with ecological differences. Variety and

subspecies are often used interchangeably.

A form is usually used to designate a minor variation within a population or a region.


7/89

M.S.K.Prathap

7

SPECIES FOUND IN KERALA FORESTS

Sl.No.

Botanical Name Family Common Name

1 Abarema subcoriacea Fabaceae cBbek

2 Abrus precatorius Fabaceae kgÜf

3 Acacia auriculiformis Fabaceae DsÖXº

4 Acacia catechu Fabaceae kjf=enf

5 Acacia chundra Fabaceae kjf=enf

6 Acacia concinna Fabaceae ÚrbRdÖ, ÚrRÖeRd, ÚrvfÖ

7 Acacia dealbata Fabaceae zbªbe©f$

8 Acacia decurrens Fabaceae hçbe©f$

9 Acacia ferruginea Fabaceae kjfsbnx

10 Acacia horrida Fabaceae Evcgªd

11 Acacia intsia Fabaceae Fß

12 Acacia leucophloea Fabaceae zbªsbnx, zÚÓjf=enf

13 Acacia mangium Fabaceae ceßfRx

14 Acacia mearnsii Fabaceae kJgÊ be©f$

15 Acacia nilotica ssp. indica Fabaceae kjfsbnx

16 Acacia pennata Fabaceae kejr*

17 Acacia planifrons Fabaceae kgasbnx

18 Acacia polycantha Fabaceae cgiNf

19 Acacia pycnantha Fabaceae sie#[\ be©f$

20 Achras sapota Sapotaceae msáe¥

21 Acorus calamus Araceae bRÔd

22 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Fabaceae vjfsb=, kgj=eaf

23 Acronychia pedunculata Rutaceae bfagkvnf, QejfnÊfzá¥fcjx, zbjgkglrvf

24 Actinodaphne bourdillonii Lauraceae cnbfjf*f

25 Actinodaphne bourneae Lauraceae

26 Actinodaphne campanulata var.campanulata

Lauraceae

27 Actinodaphne campanulata var.obtusa

Lauraceae

28 Actinodaphne lawsonii Lauraceae

29 Actinodaphne madraspatana Lauraceae cnbfjf*f, FsRenf, ct=nf, kÔfNf bfjf*f

30 Actinodaphne malabarica Lauraceae kÔfNfbfjf*f, zvRJx


8/89


8

Sl.No.


31 Actinodaphne tadulingamii Lauraceae

32 Adenanthera pavonina Fabaceae cßeaf

33 Adhatoda beddomei Acanthaceae Easneakx (zÚJgld)

34 Adhotoda vasica Acanthaceae Easneakx

35 Aegiceras corniculatus Myrsinaceae kjf*fÖa

36 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae ktbNx

37 Aglaia apiocarpa Meliaceae

38 Aglaia barberi Meliaceae kejkf$

39 Aglaia bourdillonii Meliaceae

40 Aglaia elaeagnoidea Meliaceae hgCºeb, ht*eb

41 Aglaia lawii Meliaceae kejkf$, zbªçrjNx

42 Aglaia malabarica Meliaceae ÚgbÜçrjNx, ÚgbÜkf$

43 Aglaia perviridis Meliaceae kejkf$

44 Aglaia simplicifolia Meliaceae

45 Aglaia tomentosa Meliaceae vr%cgªf

46 Agrostistachys borneensis Euphorbiaceae cgNfÔen, skeBfben\

47 Agrostistachys indica Euphorbiaceae

48 Aidia gardneri Rubiaceae crÓej

49 Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae hrveJf, zhjgcjx, hrcjx, zhjgáf

50 Ailanthus integrifolia ssp.calycina

Simaroubaceae

51 Ailanthus triphysa Simaroubaceae c¥f, zhjgcjx, zhe=fnºx

52 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae DsÓenx, DBf*f$, zÚÉjx

53 Albizia amara Fabaceae bjçf, Gq*$

54 Albizia chinensis Fabaceae

zhe¥bek, zhe»\bek, zce¥bek, zvsÎvf

bek

55 Albizia falcataria Fabaceae hrnfbek

56 Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae zvsÎvf bek, bek

57 Albizia odoratissima Fabaceae hgNfbek, kgÜfbek, kjgbek, zvìfbek

58 Albizia procera Fabaceae zbªbek, kjf»kj, ke¥gbek, pnbek

59 Aleurites molucanna Euphorbiaceae pxif# DsÅke¥d

60 Allophylus cobbe Sapindaceae cgÖÛ\ shBd

61 Alnus nepalensis Betulaceae F»º\ Qe#[%


9/89

M.S.K.Prathap

9

Sl.No.


62 Aloe vera Liliaceae k©e%beB

63 Alphonsea maderaspatana Annonaceae

64 Alphonsea sclerocarpa Annonaceae

65 Alphonsea zeylanica Annonaceae

66 Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae Úf©jÊ

67 Alseodaphne semecarpifolia var.parvifolia

Lauraceae cgNkdveJf

68 Alseodaphne semecarpifolia var.semecarpifolia

Lauraceae cgNkdveJf

69 Alstonia macrophylla Apocynaceae

70 Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae SBfnxhen, cgÖxhen, hen

71 Alstonia venenata Apocynaceae lfáfNf, lráen

72 Amherstia nobilis Fabaceae MfxMfh b>!x

73 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae kMgcebd, hJÓfcebd

74 Anacolosa densiflora Olacaceae k$ceCfkºx

75 Anamirta cocculus Menispermaceae kanebCÖd, zheª

76 Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae kfjfRÊd

77 Annona cherimola Annonaceae zÚJfsceR

78 Annona muricata Annonaceae cgªeÊf

79 Annona reticulata Annonaceae

80 Annona squamosa Annonaceae kmd©e%[d Eáf#

81 Anogeissus acuminata Combretaceae zbÖenf

82 Anogeissus latifolia CombretaceaecBgÖe*fjx, }ec, zbª vb, zkej¥fÖe*fjx,zbÖenf

83 Antiaris toxicaria Moraceae DjRe*fnf, DJ»$, cjbgjf

84 Antidesma acidum Euphorbiaceae EMejfátNf, DjfáBzçaf

85 Antidesma alexiteria Euphorbiaceae lÊncjx

86 Antidesma bunius Euphorbiaceae kjfzb¥f

87 Antidesma ghaesembilla Euphorbiaceae

88 Antidesma menasu Euphorbiaceae htljeb$

89 Aphanamixis polystachya Meliaceae zÚÉjx, kejkf$

90 Aphananthe cuspidata Ulmaceae htlfRgC%Êf

91 Apodytes dimidiata Icacinaceae sê©gcÊf

92 Apollonias arnottii Lauraceae zÚ»vx, kejcebd


10/89


10

Sl.No.


93 Aporusa acuminata Euphorbiaceae vr%zb¥f

94 Aporusa bourdillonii Euphorbiaceae cnzb¥f

95 Aporusa fusiformis Euphorbiaceae

96 Aporusa lindleyana Euphorbiaceae zb¥f

97 Aralia malabarica Araliaceae

98 Araucaria columnaris Araucariaceae

99 Archidentron monadelphum Fabaceae cglgzkeNá\, bjfkrJf, ke¥gzkeÜ

100 Ardisia blatteri Myrsinaceae

101 Ardisia missionis Myrsinaceae

102 Ardisia pauciflora Myrsinaceae ct¥cjx

103 Ardisia rhomboidea Myrsinaceae

104 Ardisia solanacea Myrsinaceae kgBfcgÏ\

105 Arenga wightii Palmae ke¥gzl=@, cnz»=@

106 Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae ijg[zÖeaf

107 Aristolochia tagala Aristolochiaceae kjÏbªf

108 Artocarpus communis Moraceae zÅy[d ÅHt¥d

109

Artocarpus gomezianus ssp.

zeylanicus Moraceae lr©fúebd, Úfc

110 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae úebd

111 Artocarpus hirsutus Moraceae E*fnf, DRvf

112 Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Mlebjf

113 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae cnvejkx

114 Atalantia racemosa var.bourdillonii

Rutaceae

115 Atalantia racemosa var.racemosa

Rutaceae ke¥gvejkx

116 Atalantia rotundifolia Rutaceae ke¥gvejkx

117 Atalantia wightii Rutaceae

118 Atuna indica Rosaceae

119 Atuna travancorica Rosaceae kìÓeRdcjx

120 Averrhoa bilimbi Oxalidaceae yfnfÔf

121 Averrhoa carambola Oxalidaceae

122 Avicennia marina Avicenniaceae QJRf

123 Avicennia officinalis Avicenniaceae QJRf


11/89

M.S.K.Prathap

11

Sl.No.


124 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae sbád, Ejºsbád

125 Baccaurea courtallensis Euphorbiaceae ct¥fÖeRdh\, ct¥fÊtJf

126 Bacopa monnieri Åy°f

127 Balanites roxburghii Simaroubaceae Qeacjx, lehmljg

128 Baliospermum axillare Euphorbiaceae veio»f, zÚJfRo»f

129 Bambusa bambos Gramineae cgN

130 Bambusa vulgaris Gramineae c*cgN

131 Barringtonia acutangula Lecythidaceae vr%sáBd, E©gshBd

132 Barringtonia racemosa Lecythidaceae mcgÅoÖ

133 Bauhinia malabarica Fabaceae EjÔgNf

134 Bauhinia purpurea Fabaceae ÚgbÜ cÇejx

135 Bauhinia racemosa Fabaceae cnRÊf, kgaÔgNf, cÇejx, cncÇejx, Djxhenf

136 Bauhinia tomentosa Fabaceae c* cÇejx, ke¥Êf, keßvátcjx

137 Bauhinia vahlii Fabaceae EjÔgbªf

138 Bauhinia variegata Fabaceae skebfoejx, ÚgbÜ cÇejx, bnfR cnRÊf

139 Beilschmiedia gemmiflora Lauraceae sceJkgÊf

140 Beilschmiedia wightii Lauraceae vijcjx

141 Berrya cordifolia Tiliaceae

142 Bhesa indica Celastraceae zhvenf

143 Bischofia javanica Euphorbiaceae sÚensb=, lfjgád, éezÚlR\

144 Bixa orellana Bixaceae kgác*#, kgj=gc*#

145 Blachia denudata Euphorbiaceae

146 Blachia umbellata Euphorbiaceae

147 Blepharistemma serratum Rhizophoraceae vr%ÖgjÏ

148 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Fnbd, htN, cgªfnbd

149 Bombax insigne Bombacaceae kìfnbdd, htN

150 Bombax scopulorum Bombacaceae zÚJfR kìfnbd

151 Borassus flabellifer Palmae kjfÔv

152 Boswellia serrata Burseraceae kg=fnºx

153 Breynia vitis-idaea Euphorbiaceae hebnátN

154 Bridelia airy-shawii Euphorbiaceae cgªgsb=, zzkvf

155 Bridelia crenulata Euphorbiaceae cgªgsb=, cgª\zzkl, cg#wÖvf


12/89


12

Sl.No.


156 Broussonetia papyrifera Moraceae shá% c#yJf

157 Brownea coccinea Fabaceae

158 Bruguiera cylindrica Rhizophoraceae

159 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Rhizophoraceae kÏ$

160 Bruguiera sexangula Rhizophoraceae

161 Buchanania axillaris Anacardiaceae kgNcebd, cncebd

162 Buchanania barberi Anacardiaceae

163 Buchanania lanceolata Anacardiaceae kgNcebd, cncebd

164 Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae ct=esáBd, vgJcjx

165 Buddleja asiatica Loganiaceae

166 Butea monosperma Fabaceae úeMd, Úcl

167 Caesalpinia coriaria Fabaceae

168 Calamus brandisii Palmae kg©fçtj$

169 Calamus gamblei Palmae cCfçtj$, hç Útj$

170 Calamus hookerianus Palmae bªfçtj$, keÖçtj$, zÚ»kj

171 Calamus metzianus Palmae QafR\ Útj$

172 Calamus nilagiricus Palmae skBçtj$

173 Calamus pseudotenuis Palmae zÚJgÚtj$

174 Calamus rheedii Palmae ke¥gÚtj$

175 Calamus rotang Palmae Útj$

176 Calamus thwaitesii Palmae bnfR Útj$, Evçtj$, lafR\ Útj$

177 Calamus travancoricus Palmae Djfçtj$

178 Calliandra calothyrsus Fabaceae

179 Calliandra cynometroides Fabaceae

180 Callicarpa tomentosa Verbenaceae zÚJgslÖd, veRdsÊÖd, veRdÖgÔf#

181 Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae sye¥f$ ÅyXd

182 Calophyllum austroindicum Clusiaceae ke¥ghgÜ

183 Calophyllum calaba Clusiaceae zÚJghgÜ, E©ghgÜ, c*ágÜ

184 Calophyllum inophyllum Clusiaceae hgÜ

185 Calophyllum polyanthum Clusiaceae hgÜá, ke¥ghgÜ

186 Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae zbzªjfÖd, ÚgbÜ ZjfÖd

187 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Úfz©jfÖd


13/89

M.S.K.Prathap

13

Sl.No.


188 Calycopteris floribunda Combretaceae hgìevf, hgìe*f

189 Camelia sinensis Theaceae

190 Cananga odorata Annonaceae kvÓcjx

191 Canarium strictum Burseraceae zlªfáRf\, h»x

192Canthium dicoccum var.dicoccum

Rubiaceae FjgÔJá\

193Canthium dicoccum var.umbellatum

Rubiaceae FjgÔJá\, }e*t$

194 Canthium ficiforme Rubiaceae

195 Canthium pergracile Rubiaceae EvzÖeÔf

196 Canthium travancoricum Rubiaceae

197 Capparis sepiaria Capparaceae keÖzÊeÏf

198 Capparis spinosa Capparaceae kjrjx

199 Carallia brachiata Rhizophoraceae bJ=@, bìYx, bÓC

200 Careya arborea Lecythidaceae shBd

201 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae kjfcgªf

202 Carissa opaca Apocynaceae zÚJgcg#zçaf

203 Caryota urens Palmae ÚtÏáv

204 Casearia bourdillonii Flacourtiaceae

205 Casearia coriacea Flacourtiaceae

206 Casearia graveolens Flacourtiaceae

207 Casearia ovata Flacourtiaceae zbªÖgÜx, cnÔezb¥

208 Casearia wynadensis Flacourtiaceae

209 Cassia auriculata Fabaceae Ebej, Dbj, Ebejx

210 Cassia fistula Fabaceae kCfzÖeÜ

211 Cassia marginata Fabaceae kazÖeÜ

212 Cassia montana Flacourtiaceae

213 Cassia nodosa Fabaceae hfÓd keXº

214 Cassia siamea Fabaceae c*zÖeÜ

215 Cassine glauca Celastraceae kjgvrjkx, lÛfcjx

216 Cassine kedarnathii Celastraceae

217 Cassine paniculata Celastraceae

218 Cassipourea ceylanica Rhizophoraceae


14/89


14

Sl.No.


219 Castanospermum australe Fabaceae QemdsÅanfR\ zÚmd©dv¥d

220 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae ke©eafcjx, ÚtN, ÚsbeÖd

221 Catunaregam Spinosa Rubiaceae cnÓej

222 Catunaregam torulosa Rubiaceae

223 Ceiba pentandra Bombacaceae h*fcjx, MrcátN

224 Celtis philippensis Ulmaceae YtlÖeNf, hrveJf

225 Celtis timorensis Ulmaceae htlfRgC%Êf, zbªÖgåe\

226 Centella asiatica Umbelliferae kga*e$

227 Cerbera odollam Apocynaceae QlNx

228 Ceriops tagal Rhizophoraceae EvÖÏ$

229 Ceriscoides turgida Rubiaceae vßgÏx

230 Chionanthus courtallensis Oleaceae k$Fan

231 Chionanthus linocieroides Oleaceae ke¥gÚùeÊf

232 Chionanthus mala-elengi Oleaceae cnRfn*f, zhjgÔ$

233Chionanthus ramiflorus var.peninsularis

Oleaceae

234Chionanthus ramiflorus var.ramiflorus

Oleaceae

235 Chionanthus roxburghii Oleaceae

236Chionanthus zeylanica var.dichotoma

Oleaceae

237 Chlorophora excelsa Moraceae EÅHfÖ\ slÖd

238 Chloroxylon swietenia Flindersiaceae bjfcjx, hgjgXd

239 Chrysophyllum cainito Sapotaceae md©e% Eáf#

240 Chukrasia tabularis Meliaceae cnsbád, Mrcsbád

241 Cinnamomum camphora Lauraceae Fnbxix, bBv, kJgb

242 Cinnamomum chemungianum Lauraceae

243 Cinnamomum filipedicellatum Lauraceae E©gkJgb

244 Cinnamomum keralaense Lauraceae kJgb

245 Cinnamomum malabatrum Lauraceae bRv, kJgb, Fnbxix

246 Cinnamomum perrottetti Lauraceae

247 Cinnamomum riparium Lauraceae bRv

248 Cinnamomum sulphuratum Lauraceae Fnbxix

249 Cinnamomum travancoricum Lauraceae


15/89

M.S.K.Prathap

15

Sl.No.


250 Cinnamomum verum Lauraceae bRv, kJgb, Fnbxix

251 Cinnamomum walaiwarense Lauraceae

252 Cinnamomum wightii Lauraceae zÚJgkJgb

253 Cipadessa baccifera Meliaceae hgNfá\zÚaf, kRdádvejßf, zhe¥f

254 Cissampelos pereira Menispermaceae heaÊeNf, cnle=f

255 Citrus grandis Rutaceae

256 Citrus limon Rutaceae zÚJgvejkx

257 Citrus sinensis Rutaceae QeJßd

258Clausena dentata var.pubescens

Rutaceae

259 Clausena indica Rutaceae ke¥gcg»fjf

260 Cleidion javanicum Euphorbiaceae zRìjf

261 Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae Qagkd

262 Cleistanthus malabarica Euphorbiaceae Z¥fcjx

263 Cleistanthus travancorensis Euphorbiaceae

264 Clerodendrum viscosum Verbenaceae zhjgkd, b¥ájgbnx

265 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae heleNijg[zÖeaf, heleNctnf

266 Cocculus laurifolius Menispermaceae ce%hfÓf

267 Cochlospermum religiosum Cochlospermaceae Mrcá*f, heJá*f, heJátN

268 Commiphora berryi Burseraceae GMgb

269 Commiphora caudata Burseraceae kfNfcjx, kfBgbx

270 Commiphora pubescens Burseraceae hçÖfBgbx

271 Commiphora whitii Burseraceae igÁgng

272 Cordia dichotoma Boraginaceae bfjf, bfjMx, vJgsbnf

273 Cordia gharaf Boraginaceae vrsjenf274 Cordia monoica Boraginaceae hMÖeRd

275 Cordia octandra Boraginaceae

276 Cordia wallichii Boraginaceae bfjfcjx

277 Corypha umbraculifera Palmae kgaáv, leNfáv

278 Couropita guianensis Lecythidaceae

279 Crateva magna Capparaceae vr%celNx, cebgnxix

280 Croton klotzschianus Euphorbiaceae

281 Croton laccifer Euphorbiaceae


16/89


16

Sl.No.


282 Croton malabaricus Euphorbiaceae zkeNbßf, ÚgÛeÔgcjx

283 Croton scabiosus Euphorbiaceae zÚJgbßf

284 Croton zeylanicus Euphorbiaceae zhejfb¥

285 Cryptocarya anamalayana Lauraceae

286 Cryptocarya beddomei Lauraceae

287 Cryptocarya bourdillonii Lauraceae kace\hejf, kac\heJ

288 Cryptocarya griffithiana Lauraceae

289 Cryptocarya lawsonii Lauraceae zÚÔencjx

290 Cryptocarya neilgherrensis Lauraceae

291 Cryptocarya stocksii Lauraceae

292 Cullenia exarillata Bombacaceae kejRvf, zbafúebd, sbaúebd, cgª\henf, kgj=gúebd

293 Curculigo orchioides Liliaceae vfnáv

294 Curcuma amada Zingiberaceae

295 Curcuma aromatica Zingiberaceae kmdltjf c*#

296 Curcuma neilgherrensis Zingiberaceae c*Ötb

297 Curcuma zedoaria Zingiberaceae Dabf ksçen

298 Cyathocalyx zeylanica Annonaceae zkeabeB

299 Cycas circinalis Cycadaceae Fq», Fq»áv

300 Cyclea peltata Menispermaceae heaÊeNf, heaÖfB=@

301 Cymbopogon flexuosus Gramineae Fßfágìd

302 Cynometra beddomei Fabaceae

303 Cynometra bourdillonii Fabaceae

304 Cynometra iripa Fabaceae Fjfá

305 Cynometra ramiflora Fabaceae

306 Cynometra travancorica Fabaceae ktjf

307 Dalbergia lanceolaria Fabaceae zbªr¥f, kÛ\ bek

308 Dalbergia latifolia Fabaceae br¥f, Fq¥f, kjfbr¥f

309 Dalbergia paniculata Fabaceae hçfncjx, zb¥gzÊenf, zzhÓÛf, zbªr¥f

310 Dalbergia sisso Fabaceae

311 Dalbergia sissoides Fabaceae Fq¥f, br¥f, sÚnbr¥f

312 Daphniphyllum neilgherrense Euphorbiaceae zbªzÖe¥dne\

313 Datura metel Solanaceae kJgÊgÉx


17/89

M.S.K.Prathap

17

Sl.No.


314 Datura stramonium Solanaceae GÉx

315 Debregeasia longifolia Urticaceae }Ïgct¥, ke¥gzveçf, hgnfçf

316 Delonix regia Fabaceae ig$sceu%, Dnmfátcjx

317 Dendrocalamus brandisii Gramineae bnfR cgN

318 Dendrocalamus strictus Gramineae kì\cgN

319 Dendrocnide sinuata Urticaceae EvzRbfj¥f, k¥\úebd

320 Dendrophthoe falcata Loranthaceae FÊf#, FÊfÖÛf

321 Desmodium gangeticum Fabaceae Qejfn

322 Desmodium latifolium Fabaceae bnfR Qejfn

323 Dialium travancoricum Fabaceae cnÔgNf

324 Dichrostachys cinerea Fabaceae zbaln

325 Dilienia indica Dilleniaceae Mºenfl, h¥fágÜ

326 Dillenia bracteata Dilleniaceae

327 Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae h¥fágÜ, beBágÜ, kgaágÜ

328 Dillenia retusa Dilleniaceae cnÔgÜ

329 Dimocarpus longan Sapindaceae zÚÔtbx, zhejfhgÜ, zÚÔgÜ

330 Dimorphocalyx beddomei Euphorbiaceae

331 Dimorphocalyx glabellus Euphorbiaceae k$záe¥\

332 Dimorphocalyx lawianus Euphorbiaceae

333 Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscoriaceae

334 Diospyros affinis Ebenaceae

335 Diospyros assimilis Ebenaceae kjf»eNf

336 Diospyros barberi Ebenaceae

337 Diospyros bourdilloni Ebenaceae kjf»gbj, keÖ kjfcjx

338 Diospyros buxifolia Ebenaceae ZnfçgBf, cncgjf=

339 Diospyros candolleana Ebenaceae kejcjx, kjfcjx

340 Diospyros cordifolia Ebenaceae bÖC

341 Diospyros crumenata Ebenaceae kjfcjx

342 Diospyros discolor Ebenaceae zb$b©d Eáf#

343 Diospyros ebenum Ebenaceae kjfcjx, cgmdlÔf, ZyCf

344 Diospyros foliosa Ebenaceae ke¥ghvçf, zbªÊgbj

345 Diospyros ghatensis Ebenaceae


18/89


18

Sl.No.


346 Diospyros hirsuta Ebenaceae

347 Diospyros humilis Ebenaceae zcjgben\

348 Diospyros insignis Ebenaceae

349 Diospyros malabarica Ebenaceae hvçf

350 Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae ZyCf, lgÔfcjx

351 Diospyros montana Ebenaceae cnRkÊf

352 Diospyros nilagirica Ebenaceae kjfxsçej

353 Diospyros oocarpa Ebenaceae

354 Diospyros ovalifolia Ebenaceae zÚJglgbj, kjfcjx

355 Diospyros paniculata Ebenaceae kejf, FìÖ¥, kjfzbª

356 Diospyros pruriens Ebenaceae FnÖ¥, heRdzÖ¥d

357 Diospyros pyrrhocarpoides Ebenaceae

358 Diospyros racemosa Ebenaceae

359 Diospyros saldanhae Ebenaceae

360 Diospyros sulcata Ebenaceae

361 Diospyros sylvatica Ebenaceae kjfcjx

362 Diospyros trichophylla Ebenaceae

363 Dipterocarpus bourdilloni Dipterocarpaceae keje*fnf, k$áRf\

364 Dipterocarpus indicus Dipterocarpaceae k$áRf\, zbªRvf

365 Dodonaea angustifolia Sapindaceae ÅbeNf

366 Dolichandrone arcuata Bignoniaceae heÔdkeRdcjx

367 Dolichandrone atrovirens Bignoniaceae

368 Dolichandrone spathacea Bignoniaceae vr%zhe=fnºx

369 Donella roxburghii Sapotaceae EÊ, vtnÔBx

370 Drypetes confertiflora Euphorbiaceae kagbehfagÖ\

371 Drypetes elata Euphorbiaceae Út¥

372 Drypetes malabarica Euphorbiaceae kìaÔ

373 Drypetes oblongifolia Euphorbiaceae cnwÔ\

374 Drypetes porteri Euphorbiaceae

375 Drypetes roxburghii Euphorbiaceae hgÊfn*f

376 Drypetes sepiaria Euphorbiaceae brjcjx

377 Drypetes travancorica Euphorbiaceae


19/89

M.S.K.Prathap

19

Sl.No.


378 Drypetes venusta Euphorbiaceae zbªÖeMbd, lnkCf

379 Drypetes wightii Euphorbiaceae hj¥f, hnkCfcjx

380 Dysoxylum beddomei Meliaceae Dkf$, Da»

381 Dysoxylum binectariferum Meliaceae Dkf$

382 Dysoxylum ficiforme Meliaceae kejkf$

383 Dysoxylum malabaricum Meliaceae zbªRkf$, Dkf$

384 Ecbolium viride Acanthaceae QafRca»

385 Ehretia canarensis Boraginaceae

386 Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae ÚjÏf

387 Ehretia ovalifolia Boraginaceae kÊfáfaf

388 Ehretia pubescens Boraginaceae kJgkcjx

389 Elacocarpus venustus Elaeocarpaceae lcjf

390 Elaeagnus conferta Elaeagnaceae ke¥gcg»fjf

391 Elaeocarpus glandulosus Elaeocarpaceae kej

392 Elaeocarpus munroii Elaeocarpaceae k$jgÅoe!x

393 Elaeocarpus recurvatus Elaeocarpaceae sÚeNjgÅoe!x

394 Elaeocarpus serratus Elaeocarpaceae kejcebd, jgÅoe!x, vìkej, bnfR kej, kej

395 Elaeocarpus tectorius Elaeocarpaceae kej, bjNf

396 Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Elaeocarpaceae jgÅoe!x, kej, vblf, DcgÖjx, zleaRx

397 Elettaria cardamomum Zingiberaceae Snx

398 Ellipanthus tomentosus Connaraceae haá\, haá

399 Embelia ribes Myrsinaceae bfBe$

400 Entada scandens Fabaceae hjÏbªf, keÖbªf, cncßeaf, ken\bªf

401 Enterolobium cyclocarpum Fabaceae

402 Epiprinus mallotiformis Euphorbiaceae kjf*fÖa

403 Eriobotrya japonica Rosaceae

404 Eriolaena hookeriana Sterculiaceae bÏgÏ

405 Eriolaena quinquelocularis Sterculiaceae zbafve%, zvågÜx

406 Erythrina indica Fabaceae cgjfÖd, zh&cgjfÖd, cg#cgjfÖd

407 Erythrina stricta Fabaceae zb&cgjfÖd, E&cgjfÖd, cgªgcgjfÖd

408 Erythrina subumbrans Fabaceae

409 Erythroxylon monogynum Linaceae zbªsoblejx


20/89


20

Sl.No.


410 Erythroxylum monogynum Erythroxylaceae hNRÚÇvx

411 Erythroxylum moonii Erythroxylaceae htsÖenf

412 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae RtÖnfhd©md

413 Eucalyptus citriodora Myrtaceae RtÖnfhd©md

414 Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae RtÖnfhd©md

415 Eucalyptus grandis Myrtaceae RtÖnfhd©md

416 Eucalyptus tereticornis Myrtaceae RtÖnfhd©md

417 Eucalyptus torelliana Myrtaceae RtÖnfhd©md

418 Eugenia argentea Myrtaceae

419 Eugenia calcadensis Myrtaceae

420 Eugenia caryophyllata Myrtaceae ÅieÔt

421Eugenia cotinifolia ssp.codyensis

Myrtaceae

422 Eugenia discifera Myrtaceae

423 Eugenia floccosa Myrtaceae

424 Eugenia indica Myrtaceae

425 Eugenia rothii Myrtaceae

426 Eugenia rottleriana Myrtaceae

427 Eugenia thwaitesii Myrtaceae

428 Euodia lunu-ankenda Rutaceae veMkx, kvn, kÔfNf, ke¥gÚÔkx

429 Euonymus crenulatus Celastraceae o»hÅlf

430 Euonymus dichotomus Celastraceae cnÓgJÊ

431 Euonymus indicus Celastraceae

432 Euonymus paniculatus Celastraceae

433 Eupatorium glandulosum Asteraceae kÉºtCfmd©d hç434 Eupatorium odoratum Asteraceae Eëexhç, kÉºtCfmd©d hç

435 Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbiaceae ÚlgjÖªf

436 Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae FnÖªf

437 Euphorbia thymifolia Euphorbiaceae

438 Euphorbia tirucalli Euphorbiaceae lfjgÖªf

439 Eurya nitida Theaceae ke¥gslRfn, ktjceJd, cr\cg¥f

440 Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiaceae skec¥f

441 Excoecaria indica Euphorbiaceae zhsÓenx


21/89

M.S.K.Prathap

21

Sl.No.


442 Excoecaria robusta Euphorbiaceae Sj

443 Fagraea ceylanica Fabaceae sceokx, zbªsceokx

444 Fahrenheitia integrifolia Euphorbiaceae cebfnÓ

445 Fahrenheitia zeylanlca Euphorbiaceae zbªcjx

446 Ficus amplissima Moraceae

447 Ficus arnottiana Moraceae kìjRe$

448 Ficus beddomei Moraceae lbf¥e$

449 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae shje$

450 Ficus benjamina Moraceae kìfÊf, FÊfRe$

451 Ficus callosa Moraceae kaúebd

452 Ficus dalhousiae Moraceae kìe$

453 Ficus drupacea var. pubescens Moraceae sÚn

454 Ficus elastica Moraceae F»º\ Jæ%

455 Ficus exasperata Moraceae sljkx

456 Ficus hispida Moraceae ZjgcveÖd, heJkx, ke¥Êf

457 Ficus microcarpa Moraceae kìfÊf

458 Ficus nervosa Moraceae Fqçcjx

459 Ficus racemosa Moraceae DÊf

460 Ficus religiosa Moraceae DjRe$, syeOfb>!x

461 Ficus rigida var. bracteata Moraceae

462 Ficus talbotii Moraceae kìfÊf

463 Ficus tinctoria ssp. parasitica Moraceae FÊf

464 Ficus tjakela Moraceae keje$

465 Ficus tsjahela Moraceae sÚn

466 Ficus virens Moraceae zÚJN

467 Filicium decipiens Sapindaceae vrsjenf, ke¥gzvìf

468 Firmiana colorata Sterculiaceae cnÔjÊf

469 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae kjfcgªf

470 Flacourtia jangomas Flacourtiaceae båexzzkl, lNfjd

471 Flacourtia montana Flacourtiaceae Új$áBx

472 Garcinia cowa Clusiaceae

473 Garcinia gummi-gutta Clusiaceae zkeaágNf, hfC%


22/89


22

Sl.No.


474 Garcinia imberti Clusiaceae c*Öeßf

475 Garcinia indica Clusiaceae zkeÖx, ke¥Ôf

476 Garcinia mangostana Clusiaceae

477 Garcinia morella Clusiaceae hçfncjx, Úfkfjf

478 Garcinia pictoria Clusiaceae

479 Garcinia rubro-echinata Clusiaceae

480 Garcinia spicata Clusiaceae c*veÓd

481 Garcinia talbotii Clusiaceae

482 Garcinia travancorica Clusiaceae cnzÔe=@

483 Garcinia wightii Clusiaceae hgNfcjx, E©ghgNf

484 Garcinia xanthochymus Clusiaceae EvbeR, hfC%

485 Gardenia gummifera Rubiaceae kÔfcjx

486 Gardenia resinifera Rubiaceae kÔfcjx

487 Garuga floribunda var. gamblei Burseraceae

488 Garuga pinnata Burseraceae DÛkej, ke¥gzvìf

489 Givotia rottleriformis Euphorbiaceae bÏjNf, zke¥lCgÖd

490 Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae

491 Glochidion arboreum Euphorbiaceae

492 Glochidion bourdilionii Euphorbiaceae

493 Glochidion ellipticum Euphorbiaceae }ez}¥f

494 Glochidion malabaricum Euphorbiaceae zÚJgzvìf

495 Glochidion tomentosum Euphorbiaceae zvìfÖehgNf

496 Glochidion velutinum Euphorbiaceae ÚlÖaÔd

497 Glochidion zeylanicum Euphorbiaceae vr%zb¥f, hÜfcg¥f

498 Gloriosa superba Liliaceae scs»eÜf

499 Gluta travancorica Anacardiaceae zÚÓgJg*f

500 Glycosmis cymosa Rutaceae

501 Glyptopetalum grandiflorum Celastraceae

502 Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae kgÔf#, kgcfBd

503 Gmelina asiatica Verbenaceae cg#ÖgcfBd

504 Gnetum scandens Gnetaceae kJgÊ Qea$

505 Gnidia glauca Thymeleaceae vßd, vßfve%


23/89

M.S.K.Prathap

23

Sl.No.


506 Gomphandra coriacea Icacinaceae kÔfNfzçaf, zÚe¥cjx

507 Gomphia serrata Ochnaceae bN%cCf

508 Goniothalamus cardiopctalus Annonaceae

509 Goniothalamus rhyncantherus Annonaceae

510 Goniothalamus thwaitesii Annonaceae vr%zÊªf

511 Goniothalamus wightii Annonaceae cnz»ªf

512 Goniothalamus wynaadensis Annonaceae

513 Gordonia obtusa Theaceae ke¥gkjC, kjfsÖeb

514 Grevillea robusta Proteaceae mf$b% QeÖd

515 Grewia asiatica Tiliaceae hjgXkcjx

516 Grewia bracteata Tiliaceae kìeRf

517 Grewia flavescens Tiliaceae zMÓaMf

518 Grewia nervosa Tiliaceae zke¥Ö

519 Grewia orbiculata Tiliaceae

520 Grewia serrulata Tiliaceae vJgÊ

521 Grewia tiliifolia Tiliaceae Úaçf, GÜx

522 Guazuma ulmifolia Sterculiaceae

523 Gymnacranthera canarica Myristicaceae GÏáRf\

524 Gymnema sylvestre Asclepiadaceae ÚÖjzÖeìf

525 Gyrinops walla Thymeleaceae

526 Gyrocarpus asiaticus Hernandiaceae lCgÖd

527 Haldina cordifolia Rubiaceae c*ÖaÔd

528 Hardwickia binata Fabaceae Eç

529 Harpullia arborea Sapindaceae Úf©fncaÖd, hgBgzÖeìf

530 Helicia nilagirica Proteaceae

531 Helicia robusta Proteaceae

532 Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae Faxhfjf, bnxhfjf

533 Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae vJgvrÏf, vÜeJf

534 Heritiera littoralis Sterculiaceae

535 Heritiera papilio Sterculiaceae zÚeùcjx

536 Hevea braziliensis Euphorbiaceae

537 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Malvaceae zÚÔjÊf


24/89


24

Sl.No.


538 Hibiscus tiliaceus Malvaceae sbnfájgÊf

539 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae kgakáen

540 Holigarna arnottiana Anacardiaceae sÚjd, kjfsßjd

541 Holigarna beddomei Anacardiaceae ke¥gsÚjd

542 Holigarna ferruginea Anacardiaceae

543 Holigarna grahamii Anacardiaceae veRdsçjd, sÚjd, zbªsçjd

544 Holigarna nigra Anacardiaceae sÚjd, kjfsßjd

545 Holoptelea integrifolia Ulmaceae Eb$

546 Holostemma ada-kodien Asclepiadaceae DazÖeafR\, DaálfRx, DazceafR\

547 Homalium jainii Flacourtiaceae

548 Homalium travancoricum Flacourtiaceae

549 Homalium zeylanicum Flacourtiaceae ce»ncgKf, kngbnÖ

550 Hopea erosa Dipterocarpaceae

551 Hopea glabra Dipterocarpaceae Fnzáe=@, hgBzáe=@, kjfzÔe=@

552 Hopea parviflora Dipterocarpaceae lÔkx, kÔkx, zhe=@, FjgÔkx, GJfád

553 Hopea ponga Dipterocarpaceae FjgÔkx, kÔkx, Fnzáe=@

554 Hopea racophloea Dipterocarpaceae zvagbenfzáe=@, veRdÖÔkx, zleÏgzheNfR\ zhe=@

555 Hopea utilis Dipterocarpaceae kejzáe=@

556 Humboldtia bourdillonii Fabaceae DafcgÏ\

557 Humboldtia brunonis Fabaceae

558 Humboldtia decurrens Fabaceae kg»eCf

559 Humboldtia unijuga var. trijuga Fabaceae

560 Humboldtia unijuga var. unijuga Fabaceae

561 Humboldtia vahliana Fabaceae E©gbßf, kejzáe=@

562 Hunteria zeylanica Apocynaceae

563 Hydnocarpus alpina Flacourtiaceae cncsje¥f, E©gçÓen, ke¥gcsje¥f

564 Hydnocarpus macrocarpa Flacourtiaceae zbªveÓd

565 Hydnocarpus pentandra Flacourtiaceae csje¥f, vrjg¥f

566 Hymenodiclyon orixense Rubiaceae zhjgz»enf, ÚÖslÖd, FÊf#

567 Hymenodictyon obovatum Rubiaceae kfng=fcjx

568 Ilex malabarica Aquifoliaceae

569 Ilex walkeri Aquifoliaceae vgN


25/89

M.S.K.Prathap

25

Sl.No.


570 Ilex wightiana Aquifoliaceae zbsªeaf

571 Ipomaea paniculata Convolvulaceae he$ cglgÖd

572 Ipomaea turpethum Convolvulaceae ÅlfskendhzÖeÜ

573Isonandra lanceolata var.anfractuosa

Sapotaceae

574Isonandra lanceolata var.lanceolata

Sapotaceae

575 Isonandra perrottetiana Sapotaceae kjfÔen

576 Isonandra stocksii Sapotaceae

577 Ixora arborea Rubiaceae mtÚfcgì

578 Ixora brachiata Rubiaceae

579 Ixora lawsonii Rubiaceae

580 Ixora notoniana Rubiaceae

581 Jacaranda mimosifolia Bignoniaceae pÖJe»

582 Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae ke¥ebCÖd, kanebCÖd

583 Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae ÚgbÜ kanebCÖd

584 Julostylis ampumalaensis Malvaceae

585 Julostylis angustifolia Malvaceae

586 Julostylis polyandra Malvaceae

587 Kaempferia galanga Zingiberaceae ksçenx, kçtjx

588 Kandelia candal Rhizophoraceae

589 Kigelia pinnata Bignoniaceae smesmpd cjx

590 Kingiodendron pinnatum Fabaceae kgNbd, kfRebd, ZÛáRf\, ÚgzÖÛáRf\

591 Kleinhovia hospita Sterculiaceae DlfLf cjx

592 Knema attenuata Myristicaceae sÚejáRf\, sÚejáelfjf, zÚzÜìf, sÚejáÅlf

593 Kydia calycina Malvaceae brÔd, ke¥ebCÖdzbªaçf

594 Lagerstroemia microcarpa Lythraceae zbs»Öd, zbªfnbd

595 Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae zÚvÓf

596 Lagerstroemia reginae Lythraceae cCfcjgld, vr% zbs»Öd, cCfcjx, htcjgld

597 Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae kjMd, kejfnbd, Glf, knmx, kjRx

598 Lantana camara Verbenaceaehtzçaf, Djfátzçaf, zke=fCfzçaf,slbfafMdMfzçaf

599 Lantana indica Verbenaceae Djfátzçaf

600 Lawsonia alba Lythraceae zzcneßf


26/89


26

Sl.No.


601 Leea indica Vitaceae cCfzájÏf

602 Lepisanthes senegalensis Sapindaceae FqsÖenf

603 Lepisanthes tetraphylla Sapindaceae kgNágÜ, veRdzÖeìf

604 Leptadenia reticulata Asclepiadaceae DaálfR\ kfB=@

605 Leptonychia caudata Sterculiaceae

606 Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae mgyeyg$, Fáf$ Fáf$

607 Ligustrum gamblei Oleaceae

608 Ligustrum perrottetii Oleaceae hfÓ\

609 Ligustrum robustum ssp. walkeri Oleaceae

610 Ligustrum travancoricum Oleaceae

611 Limonia acidissima Rutaceae bfNÓeRd, veR@sbnx

612 Litchi chinensis Sapindaceae

613 Litsea beddomei Lauraceae

614 Litsea bourdillonii Lauraceae

615 Litsea coriacea Lauraceae cjzb¥fÊeNf

616 Litsea deccanensis Lauraceae

617 Litsea foribunda Lauraceae

618 Litsea ghatica Lauraceae

619 Litsea glabrata Lauraceae G=ÖÛf

620 Litsea glutinosa Lauraceae

621 Litsea insignis Lauraceae

622 Litsea keralana Lauraceae

623 Litsea laevigata Lauraceae

624 Litsea ligustrina Lauraceae

625 Litsea mysorensis Lauraceae

626 Litsea nigrescens Lauraceae

627 Litsea oleoides Lauraceae

628 Litsea stocksii Lauraceae bjfÖfj

629 Litsea travancorica Lauraceae

630 Litsea wightiana Lauraceae h¥gleNf

631 Lophopetalum wightianum Celastraceae zbzÓe¥, zbÓabx

632 Loranthus elasticus Loranthaceae cebfÊf#


27/89

M.S.K.Prathap

27

Sl.No.


633 Macaranga indica Euphorbiaceae b¥

634 Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae b¥, b¥ÖÛf, Gáfn, zleagkÛf

635 Madhuca bourdillonii Sapotaceae lÏfafR\

636Madhuca Iongifolia var.Iongifolia

Sapotaceae Fnfá

637 Madhuca Iongifolia var. latifolia Sapotaceae Fnfá

638 Madhuca neriifolia Sapotaceae E©fnfá

639 Maesopsis eminii Rhamnaceae

640 Mahania leschenaultii Berberidaceae cjc*#, cgªgkaÔd, cgªgc*CeÊf

641 Mallotus ferrugineus Euphorbiaceae b¥ÖgÔf#, kBgbÖjaf

642 Mallotus intermedius Euphorbiaceae

643 Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae zÚzÓeìf, kgj=gc*#, vtJfcjx, kgÓgcátcjx, leb¥

644 Mallotus repandus Euphorbiaceae

645 Mallotus rhamnifolius Euphorbiaceae

646 Mallotus stenanthus Euphorbiaceae

647 Mamea longifolia Clusiaceae MjÔgÜ

648 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae cebd, ctçf

649 Manihot glaziovii Euphorbiaceae zmJ Jæ%

650 Manilkara hexandra Sapotaceae k>Cf, hBcg\hen

651 Manilkara roxburghiana Sapotaceae keváen

652 Margaritaria indica Euphorbiaceae

653 Mastixia arborea ssp. arborea Cornaceae ke¥gk%átjx, ZjÔcjx

654 Mastixia arborea ssp. meziana Cornaceae vr%ÖgjgÜd, zbª DaÔd

655 Meiogyne pannosa Annonaceae h»$cjx, Úebf

656 Meiogyne ramarowii Annonaceae

657 Melia azedarach Meliaceae cnsbád, Mrcsbád, ke¥gsbád

658 Melia dubia Meliaceae cnsbÔd, cnsbád, Ejºsbá@

659 Meliosma pinnata var. barbatula Sabiaceae kìºebf, kìbf, lkfjf

660Meliosma simplicifolia ssp.pungens

Sabiaceae zkeNÖ¥cjx

661Meliosma simplicifolia ssp.Simplicifolia

Sabiaceae zÚJgkìbf, zMÔebd

662 Memecylon deccanense Melastometaceae

663 Memecylon heyneanum Melastometaceae


28/89


28

Sl.No.


664 Memecylon malabaricum Melastometaceae

665 Memecylon molestum Melastometaceae

666 Memecylon sisparense Melastometaceae

667 Memecylon talbotianum Melastometaceae

668 Memecylon terminale Melastometaceae

669 Memecylon umbellatum Melastometaceae ke*ebd, keReÔt

670 Mesua coromandelina Clusiaceae cCfveÓd

671 Mesua pulchella Clusiaceae k$çgjgNf

672 Mesua thwaitesii Clusiaceae kfNfveÓd

673 Meteromyrtus wynaadensis Myrtaceae

674 Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae ÚÔkx

675 Michelia nilagirica Magnoliaceae zbªzÚÔkx

676 Microtropis latifolia Celastraceae

677 Microtropis ovalifolia Celastraceae

678 Microtropis ramiflora Celastraceae

679 Microtropis wallichiana Celastraceae

680 Miliusa tomentosa Annonaceae kevwÖl

681 Miliusa veluntina Annonaceae bfìtÜf

682 Miliusa wightiana Annonaceae kevwÖl

683 Millingtonia hortensis Bignoniaceae ske%Ögcjx, kfsaMx, cjcìf

684 Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae Fn*f

685 Mischodon zeylanicus Euphorbiaceae lÔv

686 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceaevr%ÖaÔd, brÔd, sJemd kaÔd, htçÖaÔd,kaccjx

687 Mitragyna tubulosa Rubiaceae cn»gÔ, veRdÖaÔd

688 Mitrephora grandiflora Annonaceae c*eJ

689 Mitrephora heyneana Annonaceae lg¥

690 Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae zÚJgc}dpveÊf

691 Morinda coreia Rubiaceae c}dpveÊf, c*áeb¥, c*CeÊf

692 Moringa pterygosperma Moringaceae ke¥gcgjf=

693 Mucuna prurita Fabaceae veRdÖgjC

694 Muntingia calabura Elaeocarpaceae zzÚvrmd zÚJf

695 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae kJfsbád


29/89

M.S.K.Prathap

29

Sl.No.


696 Murraya paniculata Rutaceae ke¥g kJfsbád, cjcgì

697 Myristica dactyloides Myristicaceae sÚejáenf, DaÖewá\, hMghlf, h»wá\

698 Myristica fatua var. magnifica Myristicaceae zkeÊwá\

699 Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae pelf

700 Myristica malabarica Myristicaceae hÅlf, zheÜexzzh\, hÊfjfát

701 Nageia wallichiana Podocarpaceae vfJÔenf

702 Naringi crenulata Rutaceae ke¥gvejkx, vjfvejkx

703 Neolamarckia cadamba Rubiaceae kaÔd, E©gslÖd

704 Neolitsea cassia Lauraceae zbÓC, krBÔBx

705 Neolitsea fischeri Lauraceae

706 Neolitsea foliosa Lauraceae

707 Neolitsea scrobiculata Lauraceae cgNkdveJf

708 Neonauclea purpurea Rubiaceae c*vr%ÖaÔd

709 Nothapodytes nimmoniana Icacinaceae hrveJf

710 Nothopegia aureo-fulva Anacardiaceae

711 Nothopegia beddomei Anacardiaceae shRdsçjd

712 Nothopegia colebrookeana Anacardiaceae sÚejáen

713 Nothopegia heyneana Anacardiaceae

714 Nothopegia racemosa Anacardiaceae veRdsçjd

715 Ochlandra beddomei Gramineae Qea

716 Ochlandra rheedii Gramineae FqJ, Q¥$

717 Ochlandra travancorica Gramineae Fq©, FqJ$

718 Ochna lanceolata Ochnaceae ÚfnfÔf

719 Ochna obtusata Ochnaceae

720 Ochreinauclea missionis Rubiaceae E©gbßf

721 Ochroma pyramidale Bombacaceae ye$m

722 Olea dioica Oleaceae Zav, bfav

723 Olea glandulifera Oleaceae

724 Oreocnide integrifolia Urticaceae

725 Ormosia travancorica Fabaceae cncßeaf

726 Orophea erythrocarpa Annonaceae

727 Orophea malabarica Annonaceae


30/89


30

Sl.No.


728 Orophea thomsonii Annonaceae

729 Orophea uniflora Annonaceae

730 Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae hnk håevf , zbªáelfjf, be#áelfjf

731 Osyris wightiana Santalaceae zbªÚÇvx, hgìgjgbf

732 Otonephelium stipulaceum Sapindaceae zhejfhtbx

733 Ougenia oojeinensis Fabaceae veR@sb=

734 Pajanelia longifolia Bignoniaceae EBe»$, håevf

735 Palaquium bourdilloni Sapotaceae sl\hj¥f, henf

736 Palaquium ellipticum Sapotaceae henf

737 Palaquium ravii Sapotaceae henf

738 Pamburus missionis Rutaceae keavÊf

739 Parkia biglandulosa Fabaceae

740 Pavetta indica Rubiaceae heb¥

741 Pavonia odorata Malvaceae Fjgsbnf

742 Peltophorum pterocarpum Fabaceae ÚjzÖeÜ

743 Pemphis acidula Lythraceae

744 Pericopsis mooniana Fabaceae

745 Persea americana Lauraceae

746 Persea macrantha Lauraceae kgNcebd, GqJebd

747 Phoebe cathia Lauraceae Úgan\

748 Phoebe lanceolala Lauraceae

749 Phoebe wightii Lauraceae

750 Phoenix humilis Palmae Úf©r»$

751 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae ke¥r», vrnz»=@, ke¥r»$

752Photinia integrifolia var.sublanceolata

Rosaceae sÚengb\cjx, knácjx

753Photinia serratifolia var.tomentosa

Rosaceae

754 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae zvìf

755 Phyllanthus indofischeri Euphorbiaceae

756 Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae krBe%zvìf

757 Phyllanthus polyphyllus Euphorbiaceae

758 Pinanga dicksonii Palmae ke¥gkcgkd, kevÖcgkd


31/89

M.S.K.Prathap

31

Sl.No.


759 Pinus caribaea Coniferae kjryfR\ zzh\

760 Pinus ellottii Pinaceae êeXd zzh\

761 Pinus khasya Coniferae kemfwá\

762 Pinus merkusii Pinaceae zavezmJfx zzh\

763 Pinus oocarpa Pinaceae Qkdsae zzh\

764 Pinus patula Pinaceae he©gn zzh\

765 Pinus radiata Pinaceae sceÏJf zzh\

766 Piper longum Piperaceae lfánf, hfánf

767 Piper nigrum Piperaceae kgjgkgNkd, vìcgNkd

768 Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae cvfn hgNf

769 Pittosporum dasycaulon Pittosporaceae

770 Pittosporum neilgherrense Pittosporaceae DCnfsb=

771 Pittosporum tetraspermum Pittosporaceae kçá¥

772 Pleiospermium alatum Rutaceae kt%Êx

773 Pleurostylia opposita Celastraceae kjgbeNf

774 Plumbago rosea Plumbaginaceae zÚÊfzÖeagsbnf, ÚgbÜ zkeagsbnf

775 Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae

zkeagsbnf, zbªzÖeagsbnf,

lgÔzÖeagsbnf

776 Plumeria rubra Apocynaceae hsie[ cjx

777 Poeciloneuron indicum Clusiaceae bRfn, htlxzkeìf

778 Poeciloneuron pauciflorum Clusiaceae hgNfbRfn

779 Polyalthia cerasoides Annonaceae zÚJgzvagve%, vjN

780 Polyalthia coffeoides Annonaceae bfì

781 Polyalthia fragrans Annonaceae zvagve%

782 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae DjCcjx, DsMekx

783 Polyalthia rufescens Annonaceae

784 Polyalthia shendurnii Annonaceae

785 Polyalthia suberosa Annonaceae

786 Polyscias acuminata Araliaceae

787 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae G=@, zhe=@

788 Popowia beddomeana Annonaceae

789 Pouteria campechiana Sapotaceae ZÁd ÅHt¥d

790 Premna tomentosa Verbenaceae veRdsÊÖd, ke¥gslÖd, zkeBgÖ¥slÖd


32/89


32

Sl.No.


791 Premna wightiana Verbenaceae hfß

792 Prunus cerasoides Rosaceae F»º\ ke¥g zÚJf

793 Prunus ceylanica Rosaceae D¥veJfzhe=@

794 Pseudarthria viscida Fabaceae ctbfn

795 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae

796 Psychotria beddomei Rubiaceae

797 Psychotria connata Rubiaceae

798 Psychotria truncata Rubiaceae

799 Pterocarpus dalbergioides Fabaceae E\[ce\ hs[ekd

800 Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae sb=

801 Pterocarpus santalinus Fabaceae j§ÚÇvx, hÅlxix

802 Pterocymbium tinctorium Sterculiaceae háf©

803 Pterospermum acerifolium Sterculiaceae zÚJgzkeÜ, cn»ganf

804 Pterospermum diversifolium Sterculiaceae hÔjx

805 Pterospermum obtusifolium Sterculiaceae

806 Pterospermum reticulatum Sterculiaceae cnbtjx

807 Pterospermum rubiginosum Sterculiaceae cn»ganf, Úf©fnúebd, Zìt©f

808 Pterospermum suberifolium Sterculiaceae cgÚgkgÇx

809 Pterygota alata Sterculiaceae EvzÊeÏf, shezÊeÏf

810 Punica granatum Punicaceae celNx

811 Radermachera xylocarpa Bignoniaceae zbaÓgjC, hÜfcgjf=

812 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae cnÓej

813Rapanea capitellata var.capitellata

Myrsinaceae

814 Rapanea capitellata var. sessilis Myrsinaceae

815 Rapanea wightiana Myrsinaceae Úrjcjx

816 Raphidophora pertusa Araceae DÊfáen

817 Rauwolfia serpentina Apocynaceae m%áiÂf, Dcndzhejf

818 Rauwolfla densiflora Apocynaceae bnfR Dcndzhejf

819Reinwardttodendronanamalaiense

Meliaceae ÚfÜkf$

820 Rejoua dichotoma Apocynaceae ktvÔen, kgÜfnxhen, kgjg¥ghen, kbjáen

821 Rhizophora mucronata Rhizophoraceae hvçfÖÏ$


33/89

M.S.K.Prathap

33

Sl.No.


822 Rhododendron arboreum Ericaceae ke¥ghtbjMd, Dnßf

823 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Myrtaceae zkej¥, lbf¥gzkeå

824 Rhus mysorensis Anacardiaceae Úfácjx

825 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Úf©ebCÖd, EbCÖd

826 Rinorea zeylanica Violaceae

827 Rubia cordifolia Rubiaceae cßeaf

828 Sageraea dalzellii Annonaceae c*eJ

829 Sageraea grandiflora Annonaceae c*eJ

830 Salix tetrasperma Salicaceae bßf

831 Samadera indica Simaroubaceae kjfz}e¥

832 Samanea saman Fabaceae cBcjx, GJÖxlt=fcjx

833 Santalum album Santalaceae ÚÇvx

834 Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae ÚgbágkeRdcjx

835 Sapindus trifoliata Sapindaceae GJgbßf, hMzÖe¥cjx, ÚbÖeRd

836 Sapium insigne Euphorbiaceae k$cjx

837 Saraca asoca Fabaceae DsMekx, suchgXdhx

838 Schefflera capitata Araliaceae Z¥fncjx

839 Schefflera chandrasekharanii Araliaceae

840 Schefflera racemosa Araliaceae Z¥fncjx, Újgk

841 Schefflera stellata Araliaceae kácjx

842 Schefflera wallichiana Araliaceae kÛfcjx

843 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae htbx, otlNx, htbCx

844 Schrebera sweitenioides Olacaceae sceinf=, cxinf=x

845 Scleropyrum pentandrum Santalaceae Fjgcgªf

846 Scolopia crenata var. brevifolia Flacourtiaceae ÚjNx

847 Scolopia crenata var. crenata Flacourtiaceae keÖcjx, ÚjNx

848 Scurrula cordifolia Loranthaceae FÊf#

849 Securinega leucopyrus Euphorbiaceae zhjfxùebd

850 Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae slzÓe¥, sÚjd, sÚJgcjx, sÚ%Ögjg, DnÖgsÚjd

851 Semecarpus auriculata Anacardiaceae zbªsçjd

852 Semecarpus travancorica Anacardiaceae DbgÖjx

853 Sesbania grandiflora Fabaceae DkÊf, jgÅocÇejx, Dimdlf


34/89


34

Sl.No.


854 Sida acuta Malvaceae c*ÖgJgs»e¥f

855 Sida carpinifolia Malvaceae zÚJghjgb

856 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae zbªtjx

857 Sida retusa Malvaceae EvÖgJgs»e¥f

858 Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Dlfyn

859 Sida rhombifolia var. retusa Malvaceae kgJgs»e¥f

860 Sida rhomboidea Malvaceae kgJgs»e¥f

861 Sida veronicaefolia Malvaceae bªfÖgJgs»e¥f

862 Solanum violaceum Solanaceae zÚJgÚgÏ

863 Sonneratia caseolaris Sonneratiaceae îe¥f

864 Spathodea companulata Bignoniaceae HqÏ\cjx, mdhesLe[fR

865 Spondias indica Anacardiaceae ke¥ÔBx

866 Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae DÔBx

867 Sterculia balanghas Sterculiaceae zleÏf

868 Sterculia foetida Sterculiaceae hfCjd, zhe¥ÖebNx, cnxhjÊf, hrveJf

869 Sterculia guttata Sterculiaceae kebNx, hrveJf

870 Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae zleÏf, lrzÊeÏf, DÛe\bBgÖf

871 Sterculia villosa Sterculiaceae bÖ

872 Stereospermum chelonoides Bignoniaceae helfjf

873 Stereospermum colais Bignoniaceae htáelfjf, helfjf, kjf=B

874 Stereospermum reticulatum Bignoniaceae cnRtjx

875 Streblus asper Moraceae hjgbcjx

876 Streblus taxoides Moraceae kan

877 Strombosia ceylanica Olacaceae k$ÖaÔd, k$ceCfkºx

878 Strychnos nuxvomica Loganiaceae ke*fjx

879 Strychnos potatorum Loganiaceae sl©xhsj$, Úfìx

880 Suregada angustifolia Euphorbiaceae

881 Swietenia macrophylla Meliaceae cueiCf, bnfR cueiCf

882 Swietenia mahogani Meliaceae cueiCf

883 Symplocos anamallayana Symplocaceae

884Symplocos cochinchinensis ssp.

laurina

Symplocaceae hsçe©f

885 Symplocos foliosa Symplocaceae


35/89

M.S.K.Prathap

35

Sl.No.


886 Symplocos kurgensis Symplocaceae

887Symplocos macrocarpa ssp.canarana

Symplocaceae

888 Symplocos macrocarpa ssp.macrocarpa

Symplocaceae cnÔjN

889Symplocos macrophylla ssp.macrophylla

Symplocaceae

890Symplocos macrophylla ssp.rosea

Symplocaceae

891 Symplocos oligandra Symplocaceae

892Symplocos pendula ssp.pendula

Symplocaceae

893 Symplocos pendula ssp. villosa Symplocaceae

894 Symplocos pulchra Symplocaceae

895 Symplocos racemosa Symplocaceae

896 Symplocos wynadense Symplocaceae

897 Syzygium aqueum Myrtaceae

898 Syzygium aromaticum Myrtaceae

899 Syzygium benthamianum Myrtaceae

900 Syzygium bourdillonii Myrtaceae

901 Syzygium bracteata Myrtaceae zÚJg}eJ

902 Syzygium calophyllifolium Myrtaceae vrsjeax

903 Syzygium caryophyllatum Myrtaceae }eJ

904 Syzygium chavaran Myrtaceae ÚbJ\

905 Syzygium courtallense Myrtaceae

906 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae }eb$, }eJ, zhjf}eJ, ke¥gÚeÔ

907 Syzygium densiflorum Myrtaceae zZjf, }eb$

908 Syzygium gambleanum Myrtaceae

909 Syzygium gardneri Myrtaceae kjf}eb$, vr%}eb$, ke¥Rfjf

910 Syzygium hemisphericum Myrtaceae zbª}eJ, zb&}eJ, sle$}eb$

911 Syzygium heyneanum Myrtaceae

912 Syzygium jambos Myrtaceae sJem@ Eáf#

913 Syzygium laetum Myrtaceae zkeìf}eb$

914 Syzygium lanceolatum Myrtaceae }eb$

915 Syzygium makul Myrtaceae

916 Syzygium malabaricum Myrtaceae


36/89


36

Sl.No.


917 Syzygium malaccensis Myrtaceae

918 Syzygium mundagam Myrtaceae ke¥gÚeÔ

919 Syzygium munronii Myrtaceae

920 Syzygium myhendrae Myrtaceae

921 Syzygium neesianum Myrtaceae

922 Syzygium occidentale Myrtaceae

923 Syzygium palghatense Myrtaceae

924 Syzygium parameswaranii Myrtaceae

925 Syzygium rama-varmae Myrtaceae

926 Syzygium rubicundam Myrtaceae hfª}eb$

927 Syzygium stocksii Myrtaceae

928 Syzygium tamilnadensis Myrtaceae k$scevf

929 Syzygium travancoricum Myrtaceae zhejfR$

930 Syzygium zeylanicum Myrtaceae ke¥gbBv, htçáBx

931 Tabernaemontana heyneana Apocynaceae kg+náen, kgÜf\hen

932 Tamarindus indica Fabaceae beN\hgNf, hgNf

933 Tamilnadia uliginosa Rubiaceae cnÓej, hfÏfçÖ

934 Tarcenna asiatica Rubiaceae kgáfátbd

935 Tecoma stans Bignoniaceae c* Z$[%

936 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae slÖd

937 Terminalia alata Combretaceae kjfcjgld, cÊf

938 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae vr%cjgld, E©gcjgld, zbªcÊf

939 Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae leÜf

940 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae lìf, yoex

941 Terminalia chebula Combretaceae kagÖ

942 Terminalia crenulata Combretaceae kjfcjgld, slÔebd, cÊf, ktJcjgld

943 Terminalia gella Combretaceae

944 Terminalia paniculata Combretaceae slÔebd, cjgld, hgìgcjgld

945 Terminalia procera Combretaceae

946 Terminalia travancorensis Combretaceae ke¥gkagÖ, shÖagÖ

947 Ternstroemia japonica Symplocaceae

948 Tetrameles nudiflora Datiscaceae Úrvf, zbªçrvf


37/89

M.S.K.Prathap

37

Sl.No.


949 Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae zkesÖe

950 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae htbjMd, Úfne»f, htájgÊf

951 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Úf©c>ld

952 Tinospora cucumerina Menispermaceae ke¥ghabnx

953 Tinospora malabarica Menispermaceae ke¥c>ld

954 Toddalia asiatica var. obtusifolia Rutaceae ke»xzkeNgÊd

955 Toona ciliata Meliaceae coifjfsbÔd, hagkjC, ÚgbÜ Dkf$, ÚÇv sbÔd

956 Trema orientalis Ulmaceae EcÊeNf, zhe¥ec, DcjeÊf, zhe¥ecjx

957 Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae hÔjÖgÔf#, vr%ÖaÔd

958 Trewia polycarpa Euphorbiaceae hÔjÖgÔf#, lbN

959 Tricalysia apiocarpa Rubiaceae

960 Tricalysia sphaerocarpa Rubiaceae

961 Trichilia connaroides Meliaceae kjgbfnxix

962 Trichopus zeylanicus Dioscoriaceae Esjeiºáç

963 Trigonostemon nemoralis Euphorbiaceae

964 Turpinia malabarica Staphyleaceae vJNf, kevÖáNx, DNgÓgcjx

965 Turpinia nepalensis Staphyleaceae hÔjzb¥f

966 Turraea villosa Meliaceae

967 Vaccinium leschenaultii Vacciniaceae knbd, skNecjx

968 Vateria indica Dipterocarpaceae zbªwá\, kg»fjfÖwá\

969 Vateria macrocarpa Dipterocarpaceae zbªwá\

970 Vatica chinensis Dipterocarpaceae DaÖewá\

971 Vepris bilocularis Rutaceae ctÊeMdMejf

972 Vernonia arborea Asteraceae cnÔjgb, zkeabejf

973 Vernonia travancorica Asteraceae hjgb, slÔd

974 Vetiveria zizanoides Gramineae jecçx

975 Viburnum coriaceum Caprifoliaceae zce¥gctÖ\

976 Viburnum punctatum Caprifoliaceae skeCÖej

977 Vitex altissima Verbenaceae cRfn, cRfznªd

978 Vitex leucoxylon Verbenaceae E©gzveçf, vr%zveçf

979 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae zveçf, kjgzveçf, zb&zveçf

980 Vitex pubescens Verbenaceae E©gcRfn


38/89


38

Sl.No.


981 Walsura trifolia Meliaceae

982 Wendlandia bicuspidata Rubiaceae

983 Wendlandia thyrsoidea Rubiaceae zbªÊenzçaf, shkvejkx

984 Withania somnifera Solanaceae DcgÖgjx

985 Wrightia arborea Apocynaceae cRfnxhen, Dåáen

986 Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae o»áen, vfnáen, kÔfáen

987 Xanthophyllum arnottianum Xanthophyllaceae caÖ, zce¥$

988Xantolis tomentosavar.elangoides

Sapotaceae kjfÓej

989 Xylia xylocarpa Fabaceae Fjg#, Fjgcgªd, kacjx

990 Xylopia parvifolia Annonaceae Fnzáe=@

991 Xylosma latifolium Flacourtiaceae kg¥

992 Zanthoxylum rhetsa Rutaceae cgªfnx, zkeÊgcgjfÖd

993 Zingiber zerumbet Zingiberaceae ke¥fßf

994 Zizyphus glabrata Rhamnaceae k%Öacjx, zke¥e\

995 Zizyphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Fn»

996 Zizyphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae b\lganf

997 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae zÚJglganf

998 Zizyphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae lganf, zhe¥cgªd

999 Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae

1000 Dioscorea tomentosa Dioscoriaceae

1001 Dioscorea hispida Dioscoriaceae

1002 Dioscorea alata Dioscoriaceae keçf$ kfB=@

1003 Dioscorea spicata Dioscoriaceae DÊfÖfB=@

1004 Dioscorea oppositifolia Dioscoriaceae

1005 Dioscorea wallichii Dioscoriaceae


39/89

M.S.K.Prathap

39

APPENDIX I: COMMON FAMILIES SEEN IN KERALA FORESTS

Acanthaceae

The Acanthaceae is a family consisting about 250 genera and about 2500 species mainly

of tropical shrubs, but include some temperate species. The leaves are opposite and

decussate, simple without stipules, and often have cystoliths which show up as streaks

on the lamina. The flowers are bisexual, usually irregular or two-lipped, solitary or

arranged in cymes or racemes. The ovary ripens into a capsule in which the seeds are

usually bourne on small hook-like outgrowths. The seeds have no endosperm and

usually large embryos.

Alangiaceae

This is a small, woody family of obscure affinities comprised of 2 genera and about 23species. The leaves are simple and without stipules. The flowers are regular, bisexual

and borne in bracteolate, joined pedicels in axillary cymes. The fruit is a drupe with a

hard endocarp and usually crowned with the persistent calyx. The seed has a fleshy

endosperm.

Anacardiaceae

This is the sumac family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales, with about 70 genera

and 650 species of evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and woody vines. It is native to

tropical and subtropical areas of the world, but a few species occur in temperate regions.

Members of the family have resin ducts in the bark, leaves usually composed of leaflets

in various arrangements, flowers often with only male or female parts, and usually fleshy

fruits.

Annonaceae

The custard-apple, or annona, family, the largest family of the magnolia order

(Magnoliales). According to some authorities, it contains 120 genera and 2000 species.

Many species are valuable for their large, pulpy fruits, some are useful for their timber,

and others are prized as ornamentals. The family consists of trees, shrubs, and woody

climbers found mainly in the tropics, although a few species extend into temperate

regions. Leaves and wood are often fragrant. Leaves are simple, with smooth margins,

and alternately arranged in two rows along the stems. The radially symmetrical flowers

are usually bisexual. In some species, flowers are borne directly on large branches or on

the trunk. The fruit is a berry.


40/89


40

Apocynaceae

The dogbane family of flowering plants of the gentian order (Gentianales), composed of

more than 150 genera and about 1000 species of trees, shrubs, woody vines, and herbs,

distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Members of the family

have milky, often poisonous juice; smooth-margined leaves; and flowers in clusters

(rarely solitary). The fruit may be berrylike or fleshy but usually is a dry pod (follicle) that

splits open at maturity, releasing many winged or tufted seeds.

Aquifoilaceae

This family of trees and shrubs comprises about 3 genera and 400 species. The family is

widely distributed in both temperate and tropical regions. The leaves are leathery,

sometimes evergreen and usually alternate; stipules are present but may fall soon after

enlargement of the leaf. The inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers are bisexual or

unisexual. The fruit is a berry and the seeds have copious endosperm.

Araceae

The Araceae (the aroids) is a large family of mostly herbaceous plants, with great variety

in vegetative habit composed of about 110 genera and 2000 species. The leaves are

simple or compound, basal or produced on the ariel stems. The flowers are bisexual or

unisexual (with both sexes bourne on the same sapdix with the male higher than the

female flowers. On most the species, the fruit is a berry, sometimes leathery, with one to

many seeds which are usually endospermic with a straight embryo.

Araliaceae

The ginseng family of flowering plants, in the order Apiales, comprises approximately 55

genera and 700 species. Most members are shrubs or trees, though there are a number

of climbers and a few herbs. The family has large, usually alternate, compound leaves,

five-parted flowers arranged in compound umbels (flat-topped clusters), and a berry or

(rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). Several members of the family are economicallyimportant.

Asclepiadaceae

The Asclepiadaceae is a fairly large family of perennial herbs, shrubs, woody climbers or

trees. It comprises about 250 genera and 1800-2000 species. The leaves are usually

opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, simple and generally entire; in some succulent taxa

they are caducous or vestigial. Minute stipules are normally present. The flowers are

regular and bisexual. The fruit consists of a pair of follicles. The seeds are usually


41/89

M.S.K.Prathap

41

flattened, ovate to oblong and bear a coma of long, silky hairs; endosperm is present and

the embryo is straight.

Asteraceae (Compositae)

The Asteraceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants, with about 1100

currently accepted genera and 25000 species. Most of its members are evergreen

shrubs or sub-shrubs or perennial rhizomatous herbs, but tap-rooted or tuberous-rooted

perennials and biennial trees are infrequent, as are epiphytes, and true aquatics are rare.

The leaves are alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, and without stipules. Anatomically,

Asteraceae are characterized by the presence of resin canals or latex ducts. The fruit is

one-seeded, indehiscent, nearly always dry, and is termed a cypsela. It may be angular,

rounded, variously compressed, or curved, ornamented or winged in various ways; rarely

it is a drupe, with fleshy endocarp. The seed has no endosperm and a straight embryo.

Avicenniaceae

The Avicenniaceae is a helophytic family of small mangrove trees and shrubs. It contains

about 11 species in a single genus, Avicennia. The leaves are opposite, simple and ex-

stipulate. The Flowers aggregated in inflorescences; in cymes, in panicles, and in

umbels. They are bracteate, small, regular, cyclic and tetracyclic. The Fruit is non-fleshy,

dehiscent and a capsule.

Berberidaceae

This barberry family of the buttercup order (Ranunculales) comprises of 13-16 genera

and 550-600 species of perennial herbs and shrubs. Its members occur in most

temperate regions of the world. In the shrubs the leaves are alternate and spiny-

margined. The form of the flower is highly variable.

Betulaceae

The Betulaceae is a family of trees and shrubs which includes 6 genera and some 170species. The leaves are simple, alternate, deciduous and with stipules. The flowers are

bisexual with both sexes on the same plant. The fruit is a single seeded nut which is

often winged for wind dispersal, maturing in late summer or autumn. The seeds have no

endosperm and a straight embryo.

Bignoniaceae

The trumpet creeper or catalpa family of the figwort order of flowering plants

(Scrophulariales). It contains about 120 genera and more than 650 species of trees,

shrubs, and, most commonly, vines. They form an important part of the tropical forest


42/89


42

vegetation because of the numerous climbing vines. The family is characterized by

oppositely paired, usually compound leaves and bell- or funnel-shaped, bisexual flowers

having a five-lobed calyx and corolla; two long and two short stamens arising from the

corolla tube; and a pistil positioned above the attachment point of the other flower parts,

on a disk, and consisting of two fused, ovule-bearing carpels enclosing two, or rarely one,

chambers that contain many ovules attached along the central axis. The seeds are

usually flat and winged.

Bixaceae

Bixaceae is a family consisting of a single tropical genus (Bixa) of shrubs and small trees.

The leaves are alternate, simple, entire, palmately nerved and with stipules. Both leaves

and saps contain reddish sap. The flowers are regular, bisexual and borne in showy,

paniculate inflorescences. The fruit dehisces along the two valves of the capsule and is

often covered with hairs or stout prickles. The seed contain a large embryo surrounded

by copious starchy endosperm.

Bombacaceae

The bombax or kapok family of tropical flowering trees and shrubs, in the mallow order

(Malvales), comprised of about 20 genera and 180 species. Many species are deciduous

and their entire, palmate or digitate leaves and stipules are shed at the end of each rainy

season. The white or brightly coloured flowers are bisexual and frequently emerge from

the branches and trunks and even near the base. The fruit is a capsule containing

smooth seeds which have little or no endosperm.

Boraginaceae

This family of annual plants, composed of approximately 150 genera and about 2000

species, chiefly of herbs but also including some trees and shrubs, characterized by hairy

foliage. Members of the borage family are found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate

areas. The leaves are usually alternate and simple; flowers are funnel-shaped or tubularand flaring, with five lobes, often nodding or in coiled sprays. The flowers are frequently

distinguished for their bright blues, which sometimes show a shading of red. The fruit

consists of four (rarely two) nutlets or is a drupe. The seeds are with or without

endosperm and with a curved or straight embryo.

Burseraceae

This family of tropical trees and shrubs in the order Sapindales, composed of about 17

genera and 500 species. All part of the plants especially the bark; contain resin 16

genera of resinous trees and shrubs. Members of the family have leaves that alternate


43/89

M.S.K.Prathap

43

along the stem and are composed of many leaflets, solitary or clustered flowers, and

fleshy fruits.

Capparaceae

This medium sized family comprised of 40-50 genera and about 700 species. It contains

herbs, trees and shrubs and some lianas. The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite, and

simple or palmate or digitate. They have 2-7 leaflets. The flowers are bisexual or rarely

unisexual; fruits are capsules; and seeds are without endosperm.

Caprifoliaceae

The honeysuckle family of the teasel order (Dipsacales), well known for its many

ornamental shrubs and vines, primarily composed of north temperate species but

including some tropical mountain plants. The family has 18 genera and about 450

species, mostly woody shrubs and vines. The leaves are usually opposite, simple and

without stipules. The flowers are bisexual and either regular or irregular. The fruit is

most often a berry and the seeds typically have a small straight embryo with copious

endosperm.

Casuarinaceae

The Casuarinaceae is a distinctive family of trees and shrubs adapted to dry habitats

comprising about 65 species in one genus, Casuarina. The leaves are very peculiar in

structure, appearing as whorls of reduces, many-toothed sheaths surrounding the

articulations of the jointed stream. The flowers too, are highly reduced, and usually

unisexual, with the male and female flowers bourne on different plants. The fruits are

enclosed in hard bracteoles which later open to release them, with the result that mature

inflorescences resemble pine cones. The seeds have a straight embryo and no

endosperm.

CelastraceaeCelastraceae is the spindle tree family, in the order Celastrales, comprising about 55

genera and 850 species of woody vines, shrubs, and trees, native in tropical and

temperate zones. Leaves are frequently leathery and flowers are small, with four to five

sepals and petals; alternating between the petals, stamens rise from a usually

conspicuous nectar disk. The seeds possess a large, straight embryo surrounded by

fleshy endosperm and often covered by a brightly coloured aril which aids in dispersal by

birds.


44/89


44

Clusiaceae (Guttiferae)

The garcinia family, in the tea order (Theales), comprising about 40 genera and about

1000 species of tropical trees and shrubs. Several are important for their fruits, resins, or

timbers. Members of the Clusiaceae family usually have broad-ended, oblong, leathery

leaves with a strong, central vein from which branch many delicate, horizontal veins. The

plants have resinous, sticky sap, flowers with numerous stamens often united in bundles,

and separate petals and sepals. Male and female organs often occur in separate flowers.

Cochlospermaceae

This small family of tropical trees and shrubs contains 2 genera and about 38 species.

The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed and with stipules. The flowers are regular or

slightly irregular, bisexual, often showy and bourne in racemes or panicles. The fruit is a

three to five valved capsule, containing seeds which may be hairy or not, and coiled or

straight in shape. The seeds contain oily endosperm.

Combretaceae

The Combretaceae is a family of tropical trees, shrubs and lianas which includes 20

genera and about 475 species. The leaves are entire, alternate or opposite and without

stipules. The flowers are small, regular and bisexual rarely unisexual) often clustered in

globular or elongated heads , and nectar may be produced in abundance. Most of the

species have wingless fruits which are either fleshy and animal-dispersed or have

spongy tissue and are water-dispersed. The seed has no endosperm, and the

cotyledons are very variable in form.

Coniferae

Coniferae is a small family of trees and shrubs. The leaves are usually alternate or

fascicled, rarely opposite, usually rigid or linear, rarely broad. The flowers are unisexual

or bisexual. Seeds are often winged and have a straight embryo.

Connaraceae

This Dictotyledonous family of tropical trees or twining shrubs contains 16 genera and

about 350 species. Some species of this family are economically important. The leaves

are alternate and without stipules, and are pinnate or trifoliolate, a few species being

unifoliolate. The flowers which are produced in panicles are generally bisexual or either

regular or slightly irregular. The fruit is generally a follicle containing a single seed which

may or may not contain endosperm. The seed often have an outer appendage (aril).


45/89

M.S.K.Prathap

45

Convolvulaceae

The Convolvulaceae is a family of herbaceous and woody, often climbing plants,

composed of about 1800 species in 50 genera. The leaves are alternate, simple, rarely

with stipules. The flowers are bisexual, regular, often with an involucre of bracts. The

fruit is a capsule, often dehiscent. The seeds are sometimes hairy, with little endosperm

and a curved embryo often with folded cotyledons.

Cornaceae

The Cornaceae is a small family of trees and shrubs and rarely herbs. It contains about

13 genera and over 100 species. The leaves are opposite or occasionally alternate,

simple and sometimes evergreen. The flowers are small, regular, bisexual or unisexual

with both sexes on separate plants. The fruit is a drupe or berry with 1-4 locules and one

or two stones.

Cycadaceae

The Cycadaceae are woody, unbranched or sparsely branched, palm-like, dioecious,

seed-bearing trees or shrubs with thick, pithy stems. The leaves are alternate, spirally

arranged in a cluster at the summit of the stem, frond-like, pinnately compound, usually

stiff, often with sharply pointed leaflets. The ovules and seeds (2-8) are born naked on

the petioles of reduced leaves that are loosely clustered at the stem apex of female

plants. Male plants produce male or microsporangiate cones that bear many scales,

each with an abundance of microsporangia scattered over the lower surface. Seeds are

typically large.

Datiscaceae

This is a family of the begonia order (Begoniales) of tropical and sub tropical trees

(Octomeles, Tetrameles) and herbs (Datisca) of little economic value. This family

composed about 3 genera and 4 species. The leaves are alternate, either pinnate or

simple, and without stipules. The flowers are either unisexual or bisexual. The fruit is amembraneous capsule bearing seeds with a straight embryo and little or no endosperm.

Dilleniaceae

This large family contains 18 genera and 530 species of trees, shrubs or herbs,

sometimes climbers. The leaves are alternate, simple, entire, toothed or rarely pinnate;

petioles with sheaths and without stipules or without sheaths and with lateral deciduous

stipules. The flowers are yellow or white, sometimes very large.


46/89


46

Dipterocarpaceae

This is a family of small to very lofty trees, in the tea order (Theales), comprising 22

genera and about 580 species. Most of the species are lofty trees with leathery,

evergreen leaves and aromatic resins. Their clustered, fragrant flowers have five twisted,

leathery petals. Dipterocarpus species provide a variety of products in addition to useful

timber.

Ebenaceae

The Ebenaceae is a medium sized family composed of 2 genera and 400-500 species.

Members of the family are mostly small trees with a monopodial crown and flattened

foliage sprays. Some are shrubs. The leaves are alternate, simple, entire and without

stipules. The flowers are usually unisexual with male and female on separate plants,

rarely structurally bisexual. The fruit is a berry, the pericarp pulpy to fibrous, with a stony

inner part. The seeds are several, without endosperm, which is sometimes ruminate.

Elaeagnaceae

The Elaeagnaceae is a small family of much-branched shrubs, covered with silvery or

golden scales. It contains 3 genera and about 50 species. A considerable number of

species are thorny. The stems and leaves are covered with silvery, brown or golden

hairs which are either peltate or scaly. The leaves are alternate, opposite, or in whorls,

and are leathery in texture, simple, entire and without stipules. The flowers are regular

and either solitary or bourne in clusters or racemes. They are bisexual or unisexual, the

male and female usually being borne on different plants. The fruit is an achene or drupe-

like structure enclosed by the thickened lower part of the persistent calyx. It contains a

single seed with little or no endosperm and a straight embryo with thick, fleshy,

cotyledons.

Elaeocarpaceae

The Elaeocarpaceae is a smallish family of tropical and sub tropical trees and shrubs,some of which are cultivated as ornamentals. The leaves are alternate or opposite, and

have stipules. The flowers are regular, bisexual, bourne on racemes, panicles or cymes,

and have four or five sepals, free or partly united, the fruit is a capsule or drupe; the seed

contain straight embryo and abundant endosperm.

Ericaceae

The Ericaceae is a large family composed about 100 genera and 3000 species, mainly of

shrubs. As this is a large family providing a general description is not possible.


47/89

M.S.K.Prathap

47

Erithroxylaceae

This tropical and subtropical family of trees and shrubs includes the important cocaine

producing coca plant. The plants have simple, alternate (rarely opposite), ovoid leaves

and stipules within the petioles. The terminal or axillary flowers are very small, occurring

in fascicles. They are usually regular and bisexual, rarely unisexual (with sexes on

separate plants). The fruit is an ovoid drupe borne beyond the persistent calyx. The

seeds have endosperm and a straight embryo.

Euphorbiaceae

The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, comprised of more than

5000 species in 275 genera. Many members are important food sources; others are

useful for their waxes and oils and as a source of medicinal drugs; dangerous for their

poisonous fruits, leaves, or sap; or attractive for their colourful bracts (leaf-like structures

located just below flower clusters) or unusual forms. Most of species of the family are

found in temperate and tropical regions. The family consists of annual and perennial

herbs and woody shrubs or trees, rarely climbers. The leaves are alternate, rarely

opposite, and have stipules. They are usually simple, and when they are compound they

are always palmate and never pinnate. The flowers are of one sex, with male and female

flowers usually borne on the same plant. Petals are rarely present. The fruit is usually a

schizocarp, sometimes a drupe. In a number of genera, the seeds are carunculate; they

usually have copious endosperm.

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a very large family of herbs, shrubs and trees with a

great variety of habit, including aquatics, xerophytes and climbers comprising 700 genera

and 17000 species. Many species are of enormous importance to man. This family has

been classified into 3 subfamilies viz.Mimosoideae (Mimosaceae), Caesalpinioideae

(Caesalpiniaceae) and Papilionoideae (Papilionaceae).

a) Mimosoideae

Mainly tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs comprised of approximately 56 genera

and 500-3000 species. The leaves are often bipinnate and the flowers are regular with

the petals valvate in bud, and with 10 or more stamens.

b) Caesalpinioideae

Mainly tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs comprised of approximately 180 genera

and 2500-3000 species. The leaves are usually pinnate but sometimes bipinnate and the


48/89


48

flowers are usually more or less irregular with the lateral petals covering the standard in

the bud. There are 10 or fewer stamens, free or monadelphous.

c) Papilionoideae

These are temperate, tropical and subtropical in distribution, mostly herbs, but some

trees and shrubs amongst its 400-500 or so genera and upwards of 10000 species. The

leaves are often pinnate but sometimes simple. The flowers are irregular with the lateral

petals enclosed by the standard in the bud. There are 10 stamens, usually diadelphous

but sometimes monadelphous or free.

Flacourtiaceae

The Indian plum family, belonging to the violet order (Violales) and comprising 89 genera

and about 1250 species of widely distributed tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs.

Various species yield edible fruit or commercially useful wood. The leaves are simple,

alternate, opposite or in whorls, toothed or entire. The branches are sometimes spiny,

and flowers are regular, bisexual or unisexual with the sexes on separate plants. The

fruits are capsules, berries, drupes, dry indehiscent and winged, horny or prickly, and

containing seeds sometimes with arils or silky hairs and usually with much endosperm.

Flindersiaceae

The Flindersiaceae is a family of trees, or shrubs, bearing essential oils. It contains

some 17 species in 2 genera. The leaves alternate, or opposite; petiolate; non-sheathing;

gland-dotted; aromatic; compound; pinnate, or ternate, or unifoliolate; exstipulate. The

flowers are small, regular, cyclic and pentacyclic. The fruit is a non-fleshy; not multiple, or

multiple to not multiple; dehiscent; capsule. Seeds are non-endospermic, compressed,

winged and with a curved embryo.

Gnetaceae

The Gnetaceae is a family of tropical trees and shrubs, rarely climbers, in the orderGnetales, composed of one genus, Gnetum, with 30 or more species. The Leaves are

opposite, large, green and without stipules. The flowers are unisexual. The fruit is fleshy

and winged with drupaceous seed.

Graminae (Poaceae)

The grasses or Graminae comprise some 9000 species grouped into about 650 genera.

Although not the largest, the family is ecologically the most dominant and economically

by far the most important in the world. It provides all the cereal crops (including rice),

most of the world’s sugar as well as bamboos, canes and reeds. In a typical grass the


49/89

M.S.K.Prathap

49

system is fibrous and often supplemented by adventitious roots from the lower nodes of

the stem. Branching occurs mainly at ground level and the upright stems are cylindrical.

The leaves are bourne in two rows at intervals along the stem, their point of origin being

termed a

Date post:	07-Aug-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	arsmagnetica
View:	269 times
Download:	3 times

Flora of Kerala

Documents