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Floriculture
Principles of Floral Design
Five Principles of Design Balance Harmony (unity) Scale (proportion) Emphasis/Focal area/Focal point Rhythm
Balance The actual weight or feeling of weight in a
design. Sense of stability and security Achieved mechanically and visually
Aspects of Balance Mechanical
distributing the mass of the design
top to bottom side to side follows central axis void of flowers or a
“leaning arrangement” will be unbalanced.
Visual the way a person
perceives mass or weight
becomes more visually balanced when the design is “heavier” near the base
Types of Symmetry Symmetrical
Balance central axis is in the
center of the container radial symmetry bilateral symmetry biradial symmetry spiral symmetry
Asymmetrical Balance central axis to the side
of center when viewed from front
one side of axis has more mass than the other
off-center placement of axis balances the unequal mass
Factors Which Influence Mass Color
dark colors have more mass than light colors General ratio guide- 3 white: 2 medium: 1 dark is
balanced Texture
bold items are heavier than feathery-textured items Shape and Size
larger and taller flowers weigh more than smaller flowers
Lighting affects color intensity
Harmony (Unity) A blending together of design components
(plant material, container, accessories, base, & background)
Very abstract Depends on personnel preference
Scale (Proportion) Size and shape relationships between:
the flowers and the other design components. the container and the other design components. the design itself and the space to be filled.
Rule of Thumb design should be 1.5 times the height/width of
container
Rule of Thumb Exceptions When the container is not a visible part of the
design. When using colors that appear to be more
massive, they appear to be shorter.
Emphasis/Focal Point Mechanical
generally located at the base of the central axis
stems are directed toward the focal point
allows stems to appear as if they are growing naturally from a single source.
Visual usually near the
mechanical focal point naturally draws the eye
to the “heaviest” area of the design
strong visual focal point enhances the design
Rhythm Intentional placement of materials to create a
pleasing pattern Four methods of creating rhythm
Repetition Transition Facing Depth
Repetition Repeating color, shape, lines, or size of
components Most commonly used method of achieving
rhythm Work with at least 2 stems of any particular
flower variety
Transition Gradual change in the placement or spacing
of color, form, line, and scale within a design More subtle way to create patterns Gradually space flowers closer together as
the eye travels down into the design
Facing Facing of flower heads or other components Best used in contemporary designs where
stems are not all placed toward one mechanical focal point
Depth The “in” and “out” eye movement created by
placement of selected materials further into the design
May be of a particular color, shape, texture, or scale
Form (Line & Silhouette) Silhouette of the design Used to create certain feelings
Straight lines: strength and dominance Curved lines: grace and relaxation
A variety of forms (components) adds interest to the design
FormsMost designs fall in these categories:
Vertical (bud vase) Horizontal (table centerpiece) Symmetrical triangle Asymmetrical triangle Round, oval and circular Fan and radiating Curved, crescent and hogarth Parallel and new convention