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Fluids formulae – January 2012
BOUNDARY LAYERS
Displacement thickness: ∫ (
)
Momentum thickness: ∫
(
)
Shape factor:
Skin friction coefficient:
Drag coefficient:
Laminar boundary layer velocity profile:
(
)
Turbulent boundary layers:
, √
,
(viscous sublayer),
(overlap region)
:
Smooth flat plate boundary layers Quantity Laminar flow
(103<Re<106) Turbulent flow
Re>106
Boundary layer thickness,
Displacement thickness,
Momentum thickness,
Shape factor, H 2.59 1.28 Skin friction coefficient, Cf
Drag coefficient, CD
Flat plate, fully rough:
(
)
,
(
)
LIFT AND DRAG
Lift coefficient
Drag coefficient:
Aspect ratio:
Increase in angle of attack:
Drag coefficient for finite aerofoil:
Stall speed : √
Safe minimum landing speed (FAA):
Spin ratio: