Date post: | 02-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | prashanth-chidambaram |
View: | 236 times |
Download: | 1 times |
of 31
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
1/31
A TYPICAL HIGH CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
2/31
CRACKING PROCESS
Catalytic
Cracking
Thermal
Cracking
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
3/31
3
CRACKING PROCESSES
CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS THERMAL CRACKING PROCESS
Fluid catalytic cracking process Vis breaking process
Hydro treating process Delayed coking process
Hydro cracking process
Catalytic reforming process
Alkylation
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
4/31
FLUIDIZED CATALYTIC CRACKING
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
5/31
FCC
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) technology is a technology with
more than 60 years of commercial operating experience.
The process is used to convert higher-molecular-weighthydrocarbons to lighter, more valuable products through
contact with a powdered catalyst at appropriate conditions.
Historically, the primary purpose of the FCC process has beento produce gasoline, distillate, and C3/C4 olefins from low-
value excess refinery gas oils and heavier refinery streams.
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
6/31
FCC
Most of the existing units have been designed or modif ied by six
major technology licensers.
1. ABB Lummus Global
2. Exxon Research and Engineering (ER&E)
3. Kellogg Brown & RootKBR
(formerly The M.W. Kellogg Company)
4. Shell Oil Company
5. Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
7/31
FCC FEEDSTOCKS
Atmospheric gas oils
Vacuum gas oils
Coker gas oils
Thermally cracked gas oils
Solvent deasphalted oils
Lube extracts
Hydrocracker bottoms
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
8/31
PRODUCTS
Fuel gas (ethane and lighter hydrocarbons)
C3 and C4 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Gasoline
Light cycle oil (LCO)
Fractionator bottoms (slurry oil)
Coke (combusted in regenerator)
Hydrogen Sulfide (from amine regeneration)
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
9/31
FCC PROCESS
1. Feed Preheat
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
10/31
FEED PREHEAT SYSTEM
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
11/31
FCC PROCESS
1. Feed Preheat
2. RiserReactorStripper
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
12/31
RISER Y & FEED INJECTION NOZZLE
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
13/31
TWO STAGE CYCLONE SYSTEM
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
14/31
CYCLONE
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
15/31
TWO STAGED STEAM STRIPPER
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
16/31
SPENT CATALYST STRIPPER
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
17/31
FCC
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
18/31
FCC PROCESS
1. Feed Preheat
2. Riser ReactorStripper
3. Regenerator
Heat/Catalyst Recovery
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
19/31
REGENERATORHEAT/CATALYST
RECOVERY
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
20/31
AIR DISTRIBUTORS
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
21/31
FLUE GAS HEAT RECOVERY SCHEMES
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
22/31
CATALYST HANDLING FACILITES
Catalyst losses are related to :
The design of the cyclones
Hydrocarbon vapor and flue gas velocities
The catalyst's physical properties
High jet velocity
Catalyst attrition due to the collision of catalyst particles with
the vessel internals and other catalyst particles
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
23/31
FCC MAIN FRACTIONATOR CIRCUIT
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
24/31
FCC PROCESS
1. Feed Preheat
2. Riser ReactorStripper
3. Regenerator
Heat/Catalyst Recovery
4. Gas Plant
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
25/31
GAS PLANT
FCC gas plant separates the unstabilized gasoline and light
gases into the following :
Fuel gas
C3 and C4 compounds
gasoline
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
26/31
UOP STACKED FCC UNIT
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
27/31
UOP STRAIGHT-RISER FCC UNIT
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
28/31
REACTORREGENERATOR OF MODERN
FCCU
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
29/31
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
30/31
FCC CRACKING REACTION
Cracking is catalyzed by solid acids which promote the ruptureof C-C bonds. The crucial intermediates are carbocations(+ve charged HC ions) formed by the action of the acid siteson the catalyst.
Besides C-C cleavage many other reactions occur:-isomerization- protonation and deprotonation- alkylation
- polymerization- cyclization and condensation
8/11/2019 Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
31/31
REACTIONS OCCURING IN FCC