Fly here to sample high O3

CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart

Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5

Meteorological Preprocessor

CFORS Forecast Modelwith on-line TUV

Normal meteorological variables:wind velocities, temperature, pressure,water vapor content, cloud water content, rain water content and PV et al

Dust and Sea Saltemissions

Emission Preprocessor

Biomass Emissions

Volcanic SO2 Emissions

Anthropogenic Area Emissions

Biogenic Emissions

Large PointSources

Satellite Observed total O3 (Dobson Unit)

PostAnalysis

CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart

Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5

Meteorological Preprocessor

CFORS Forecast Modelwith on-line TUV

Normal meteorological variables:wind velocities, temperature, pressure,water vapor content, cloud water content, rain water content and PV et al

Dust and Sea Saltemissions

Emission Preprocessor

Biomass Emissions

Volcanic SO2 Emissions

Anthropogenic Area Emissions

Biogenic Emissions

Large PointSources

Satellite Observed total O3 (Dobson Unit)

PostAnalysis

Tracers/Markers:Tracers/Markers:

SO2/Sulfate DMS

BC OC

Volcanic Megacities

CO fossil CO-Biomass

Ethane Ethene

Sea Salt Radon

Lightning NOx Dust 12 size bins

Friday’s Forecast

Megacities

Total aerosol

Propane data from Blake et al.

Frontal outflow of biomass burning plumes E of Hong Kong

Observed CO(G.W. Sachse, NASA/LaRC)

Observed aerosol potassium(R. Weber, Georgia Tech)

110 115 120 125 130 135 1400

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

CO Scale(ppbv)300+250 to 300200 to 250150 to 200100 to 15050 to 100

110 115 120 125 130 135 1400

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

K(ug/m3)1+0.8 to 10.6 to 0.80.4 to 0.60.2 to 0.40 to 0.2

Biomass burning CO forecast(G.R. Carmichael,U. Iowa)

Wind Speed Wind Direction

H2O Vapor

Measured and Modeled Ethane (Blake et al.) as a Function of Latitude DC8 & P3

Flights

The catalog of analysis tool. (Over view)

NetCDF (STEM / RAMS output)

Merged data set (from Tang)

Trajectory Program

Trajectory Files

Perl scriptGrADS

GnuplotGMT

scatter plot.comparison plot.

On flight path plot.

Perl scriptGrADS, GMT

Gnuplot

Airmass origin categorize.Regional Ratio calculation.Colored back-trajectories.

Perl scriptGrADS

Flux plot.Monthly average

Perl scriptGMT

Chemical historyon Back trajectory.

Box model

Box model analysis.

CO under-prediction under 1000m for

TRACE-P

How to increase these model

value ?

Back Trajectories from High CO point.--- CO > 700

--- CO > 600

--- CO > 500

--- CO > 450

--- CO > 400

Back Trajectories from High CO point(Zoom & CO > 500 ppbv)

--- CO > 700

--- CO > 600

--- CO > 500

0 2 4 6 8T IM E (G M T )

0

2

4

6

SO

2 (

pp

bv)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

He

igh

t (m

)

Prim ary Forecasted S O 2

N esting F rocasted SO 2

F light H e ight

F o reca sted S O 2 C o m p a re to th e C 1 3 0 O b serv a tio n R F 0 6 (04 /11 /2 0 0 1 )

16km-resolution forecasted SO2(ppbv)at 1km layer at 3GMT, 04/11/2001

80km-resolution forecasted SO2(ppbv)at 1km layer at 3GMT, 04/11/2001

Effect of Model Resolution

Data from Clarke et al.

1000 ppbv of CO, 10 ppbv of HCHO, 100 ppbv of O3

Fresh plumes out of ShanghaiShanghai, < 0.5 day in age

% Urban HCHO% Urban HCHOFlight PathFlight Path Back Traj.Back Traj.

Characterization of Urban Pollution

Flight DC8-13 : 03/21/2001

0

50

100

150

200

250

Be

ijing

Tia

njia

n

Wu

ha

n

Taiyu

an

Gu

an

gzh

ou

Ho

ng

kon

g

Gu

iyan

g

Ch

on

gq

ing

Sa

nto

u

Qin

gd

ao

Sh

an

gh

ai

Se

ou

l-Inch

on

Pu

san

Kin

ki

Tokyo

Sa

igo

n

Ma

nila

Ba

ng

kok

5-5.54.5-54-4.53.5-43-3.52.5-32-2.51.5-21-1.50.5-10-0.5

Color code Color code indicates indicates plume age plume age in days in days from that from that citycity

984 984 out of out of 22382238

No.

of

Poin

tsCharacterization of Urban Pollution

Back Trajectory Analysis

Analysis of Data by City for Ages<1dayQuindao Pusan

SO2/CO (O) 0.018 0.013

“ (M) 0.015 0.013

NOy/SO2 (O) 0.36 1.20

“ (M) 0.61 1.93

C2H6/C2H2 (O) 1.74 1.73

“ (M) 2.46 2.44

C2H2/CO (O) 0.0043 0.005

“ (M) 0.006 0.007

VGEO-Langley

The CFORS forecast (upper left) of the two dust systems are shown above. The dust plume (pink) represents the region with dust concentrations greater than 200 grams/m3. White indicates clouds. The SeaWifs satellite image (upper right) also clearly shows the accumulation of dust spiraling into the Low Pressure center. Also note the strong outflow of dust in the warm sector “ahead” of the front over the Japan Sea. The two systems are clearly seen in the satellite derived TOMS-AI (aerosol index) (lower right). The dust event is clearly seen in the China SEPA air pollution monitoring network. Lower left hand panel shows extremely large ground level concentrations (http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/tracep/airqual/index.html). The sandstorm and sand-drifting weather, which swept across most parts of China caused severe visibility and air quality problems

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20010409/395181.htm

NASA-Seawifs

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Dust (g/m3)

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

6

4

2

0

Sulfate (g/m3)

Black Carbon (g/m3)

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

6

4

2

0

6

4

2

0

April 9 April 12

Surface reflection

Ice cloud

Water cloud

EP/TOMS Total Ozone (Dobson)

DustBlack CarbonOrganic CarbonSulfateOther PM2.5 and Other PM10

Sea Salt

absorption by gas-phase species O3, SO2 and NO2

Inputted from STEM 3-D field

STEM TOP15km

O3 (Dobson) below STEM top height

TUV TOP80km

Overtop O3 =

STEM on-line TUV overview

Output:30 kinds of J-valuesfor SAPRC99mechanism

J’s OH & HO2

J

OH

HO2

Photolysis data: Shetter (NCAR)

OH/HO2: Brune (Penn St.) and Contrell (NCAR)

Simulations for Sensitivity Study

NORMAL: standard STEM simulation. Aerosol and cloud optical properties are explicitly considered

NOAOD: STEM simulation without aerosol optical properties, but with cloud impacts.CLEARSKY: STEM simulation without aerosol or cloud optical

properties.

J[O3 O1D+O2] J[NO2 O3P+NO]For TRACE-P all DC-8 and P-3 Flights:

Data from Shetter et al.

Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights

Aerosol Impacts = NORMAL – NOAODCloud Impacts = NOAOD – CLEARSKY

AerosolExtinction

J[NO2] J[O1D]

Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Chemical Species via Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights

OHHCHO O3

NOxEthane PAN

Influence on NOx below 1km via Photolysis Rates: March Daytime Average

Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Chemical Species via Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights

OHHCHO O3

NOxEthane PAN

Heterogeneous chemistry plays an additional role….

Observed and calculated O3 on C-130 flight 6 (April11): Red line w/o heter. Chem; light blue with.

IGAC ITCT Y2K Experiment

Integration of Measurements and Models

U. Iowa/Kyushu/Argonne/GFDL