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Flying Rules, Aerodrome markings and navigation
Yuuji IzumoVATSIM Hong KongStanding Committee on Aviation Resource and Education Development
12/25/2009MTR Corporation
Objectives:
At the end of training, trainees should to:
- Able to understanding different flying rules
- Able to understanding aerodrome signs and layout
- Able to identify different navigation aids
VATSIM Hong Kong VATSIM Hong Kong
12/25/2009MTR CorporationVATSIM Hong Kong http://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770
Website : http://hk.vatsea.net
E-mail: [email protected]
http://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong
Objects:At the end of training, trainees should to:
- Understand and identify foundation of an aircraft
- Understand how control surfaces working
Today’s Topics
1. Flying RulesIFR / VFR
2. AerodromeMarking SignsRunwayTaxiwayLayout
3. Radio navigationVORNDBILS/DME
4. Precise navigationRNAV / RNP
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Objects:At the end of training, trainees should to:
- Understand and identify foundation of an aircraft
- Understand how control surfaces working
Ablatives
DME – Distance Measure Equipment
RNP – Required Navigation Performance
r/w – Runway
ILS - Instrument Landing System
IFR – Instrument Flight Rules
NDB – Non-Directional Beacon
Txy – Taxiway
VFR – Visual Flight Rules
VOR – VHF Omni Range
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Aerodrome layout
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RunwayThreshold Marking
• Provides width of the runway, each stripe represents 5m wide
• The runways at VHHH has 16 stripes on each end, which they are 16x5=80m wide ->
Displaced Threshold
• Can increase TORA
• Landing is prohibited
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Runway
Touchdown Zone Marking [TD zone]
• Two SOLID blocks of marking
• A visual reference for pilots to perform touchdown nearby the marking
Runway Designation • Consists of the a magnetic track of the
center-line
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Critical Aerodrome Signs
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Runway Boundary
Runway Boundary Sign (Holding Point)• A reference which separate between taxiway
and Runways
• The runway-side are dashed, non-runway-side are solid
ILS Critical Area Boundary Sign
• A line reference which notify the traffic is crossing the ILS gild slope path and may cause ILS signal distortion for Approaching traffics.
• May also serve as Runway Boundary Sign for ILS CAI II / III runway.
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Critical MarkingsBlast Pad Marking
• Denotes the area of Blast Pad
• Take-off and landing are strictly prohibited
Closed Marking
• The 'X' Indicates that the taxiway/runway is not in service.
• However runway with the “X” sign can also considered as taxiway.
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Taxiways MarkingTaxiway markingsTaxiway center-line• Solid yellow
Taxiway edge• Double dash yellow
o Allowed to cross• Double solid yellow
o Not allowed to cross
Vehicle Roadway MarkingsMainly for ground crew Roadway center-line• Dash white
Roadway edge• Solid or zipper style
white (same usage)
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PAPI Precision Approach Path IndicatorPrecision Approach Path IndicatorPAPI • Consist of four lights visible from distance• Color pattern changes as aircraft's glide angle
from touchdown zone • The steepness of the glide path should
be usually 3°• For visual reference, does
not coincide with ILS during final
What is a glide path?
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Aerodrome LightingGlide Slope
PAPI (Red and White)
Runway Centerline (White, with Red at the end)
Runway Edge (White, with Yellow at the end)
Threshold (Green bar)
Approach Lighting System (Varies)
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Aerodrome Lighting
Runway end
Taxiway Centerline (Green)
Taxiway Edge (Blue)
Intersecting taxiways
