Foliar diseases in pulses

Eva Madrid-Herrero

• Cheap source of protein

• Benefits of human health

• Fix atmospheric nitrogen

• Improve soil health and fertility

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

FAOSTAT 2014

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Foliar diseases in pulses

• Necrotrophic pathogensAscochyta

Botrytis gray mold

Anthracnoses

• Biotrophic pathogens

Downy mildew

Powdery mildew

Rust

Yield and stability

E. Barilli

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Lentil Ascochyta blight Ascochyta lentis >70%

Rust Uromyces viciae-fabae >50Anthracnose Colletotricum truncatum >40%

Lupin Anthracnose Colletotrichum lupini 30%Brown spot Pleiochaeta setosa 10-15%

Crop Disease Causal organism Losses

Chickpea Ascochyta blight Ascochyta rabiei >50%

Botrytis grey mold Botrytis cinerea >50

Rust Uromyces ciceri-arietini NA

Pea Ascochyta blight Ascochyta pisi, D. pinodes, Phoma medicaginis

15-50%

Rust Uromyces pisi >30%Downy mildew Peronospora viciae ff.spp. pisi 30%Powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi 10%

Faba bean Ascochyta blight Ascochyta fabae 5-50%

Chocolate leaf spot

Botrytis cinerea / Botrytis fabae >50%

Rust Uromyces viciae-fabae >50%

Updated from Pande at al. 2009

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Integrated disease management

Farm hygiene

• Seed cleaning

• Grazing and burying infected debris

Crop rotation

• Every 3-4 years

Intercropping

Use of fungicides

• Critical disease detection and early spraying

Varietal resistance http://www.agproducts.basf.us/

http://csisa.org

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Development of resistant cultivars

Selecting resistant or tolerant cultivars

Avoid disease spreading

CLASSICAL BREEDING Long-term effects

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Codominant markers

Saturated maps

Efficiency in MAS

- Markers near to gen/QTL- At leats 2 flanking markers

MASMarker Assisted Selection

TAGGING TRAITS WITH MOLECULAR MARKERS

Increase selection efficiency

Selection in early generation

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Crop Name of Population Type of markers

Chickpea ILC3279 x Wr315 RAPDs, STMS, Diagnostic markerILC72 x Cr5-10 RAPDs,STMS, Diagnostic markerICCV96029 x CDCFrontier RAPDs,STMSICC 4958 × PI 489777 STMS, SNPs

Pea JI 15 JI 399 RFLP, RAPD and AFLPJI 296× DP RAPD, STS, EST, SNPsP 665 × Messire RAPD, STS, EST, SNPsP 660 x P 651 RAPD, STSA88 x Rovar RAPD, STS, EST, isozyme

Faba bean 29 H × Vf 136 RAPD, STS, EST, ISP

Vf 6 × Vf 27 RAPD, STS, EST, ISP91825 × K 1563 ITAP

Icarus × Ascot SSR and SNP

Lentil L 830 × ILWL 77 AFLP, ISSR, RAPD andCDC Robin × 964a-46 SNP, SSR and seed colourCassab × ILL2024 SSR and SNPPI 320937 × Eston AFLP, SSR and SNP

Lupin Kiev Mutant x P27174 Dart83A:476 x P27255 MFLP

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

BC1F1

1 2

n

F1

F2

SELECTED PLANTS F2 X SC

XResistant Lines Susceptible Cultivar (SC)

BC1F2 X SC

BC4F196.9% B.L.

BC1

BC4

75% B.L.

Genotyping with Diagnostic markers for blight resistance

(SCY17590 + CaETR)

DEVELOPMENT OF cv WITH RESISTANCE TO ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT

Recurrent Backcrossing

• Progeny tests to confirm the selection

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Future Prospects

Promoting sowing of certify seeds

Better understanding of the resistance genetic control

Better understanding on the biology of the pathogens

Development of long term strategies

Sustainable, economically acceptable to the resource-poor farmers management

Environment friendly

Foliar Diseases in Pulses

ICP 2016

Eva Madrid-Herrero

THANKS