WELCOME

FOOD ADULTERATION AND ITS IMPACT ON

PUBLIC HEALTH

CAPT MOTTALIBROSTER – 36

MOBC 75

INTRODUCTIONAdulteration of food with toxic chemicals harmful to health has reached an epidemic proportion in Bangladesh. The newspapers have dubbed it as the ‘silent killer’.

It is very difficult to find a sector of food industry which is free of adulteration. Almost every day in the news papers, newer and newer methods of adulterating newer and newer types of foods are reported. .

AIM

To discuss about different aspects of food adulteration in BD and its hazardous

impact on public health.

SCOPEa) Definition & Types of food

adulteration b) Adulterants in food and health

effectsc) Issue & Impact to public healthd) Carcinoma and food Adulteratione) Law against Food Adulterationf) Food safety and control measures

in BDg) Detection of Adulterants on foodh) Govt measuresj) Public awareness

DEFINATION• Adulteration is defined as the process

by which the quality or the nature of a given substance is reduced through the addition of a foreign or an inferior substance and removal of vital element.

• The foreign and inferior substance is known as adulterants.

TYPES OF ADULTERATIONFood Adulteration are 04 types.

a. Adulteration in cooked food b. Adulteration in Fishc. Adulteration in Vegetablesd. Adulteration in Juice

ADULTERANTS An adulterants is a chemical substance which should not be contained with other substance for legal or other reasons. Adulterants when used in illicit drugs are called cutting agents, while deliberate addition of toxic adulterants to food or other products for human consumption is known as poisoning.

TYPESIt can be classified in two ways. a. Intentional ex: Sand,marble,stones,mud etc. b. Incidental ex: pesticides ,rodents etc.

Adulteration in food stuffsFood Stuffs AdulturantsCereal Soil,pieces of stone ,infested

cerealPulses Khesari dalBengal gram Flour Starch powder,maize flour

Ghee Vegetable ghee,Animal fat,sweet potato

Milk WaterTea Used tea leavelsPepper Papaya seedsClove Clove after extractionDhaneya Saw dust,horse dungRed Chelli Powder Saw dust,Powdered Red BrickHoney Sugar,WaterTurmeric Yellow Soil

Adulterants in Foods and their Health Effects

Adulterants Foods DiseasesMineral oil (white oil, petroleum fractions)

Edible oils and fats,Black pepper

Cancer

Lead chromate Turmeric whole and powdered, mixed spices

Anemia, abortion, paralysis, brain damage

Methanol Alcoholic liquors Blurred vision, blindness, death

Arsenic Fruits such as apples sprayed over with lead arsenate

Dizziness, chills, cramps, paralysis, death

Barium Foods contaminated by rat poisons (Barium carbonate)

Violent peristalsis, arterial hypertension, muscular twitching, convulsions, cardiac disturbances

Cadmium Fruit juices,soft drinks, etc. in contact with cadmium plated vessels/equipment.

‘Itai-itai (ouch-ouch) disease, Increased salivation, acute gastritis, liver and kidney damage, prostrate cancer

Contd…Adulterants Foods Diseases

Cobalt Water, liquors Cardiac insufficiency and mycocardial failure

Lead Water, natural and processed food

Lead poisoning (foot-drop, insomnia, anemia, constipation.

Argemone seedsArgemone oil

Mustard seedsEdible oils and fats

Epidemic dropsy,Glaucoma,Cardiac arrest

Artificially coloured foreign seeds

As a substitute for cumin seed,Poppy seed, black pepper

Injurious to health

Foreign leaves or exhausted tea leaves, saw dust artificially coloured

Tea Injurious to health, cancer

TCP Oils Paralysis

Rancid oil Oils Destroys vitamin A and E

Sand, marble chips, stones, filth

Food grains, pulses etc.

Damage digestive tract

Lathyrus sativus Khesari dal alone or Mixed in other pulses

Lathyrism (crippling spastic paraplegia)

Reasons for adulteration of food

a) Lack of effective coordinationb) Lack of Proper food lawsc) Lack of government initiatived) Politicians are not raising their

voicese) Common People are not conscious

enough

PurposeThe main purpose of adulteration is

the tendency to money on the part of some selfish trades of using

unfair means.

Disadvantage• Disadvantages for the consumer-a) He is paying more money for a food

stuff of lower quality.b) Some forms of adulteration is injurious to health even carcinogenic.

Carcinoma and food Adulteration

A recent studies shows that the increasing rate of carcinoma is somehow the cause of or the effects of using so many adulterants in food and food items. Most of the chemical adulterants are carcinogenic.

Issue of public concern Health burden

3 million cases of diarrhea(2005-09) Severe effects include cancer,

liver and renal failure Impact of adulteration

Child HealthHealth of pregnant womenFood diseasesOther diseases

Statistics on Food Adulterationa. 2 core people suffering for kidney

diseasesb. 76% foods are adulterated

Burden on public healtha. Diarrhea b. 3 million cases reported (DGHS; 2005-09) c. Responsible for 15% of mortality in children under 5 years (2011)

Contd..•Large scale adulteration • 40-60% food samples found adulterated

in Dhaka (IPH) • Extent and severity of food-borne

illnesses unknown

Food Safety in BangladeshAction’s suggested

a. Strict enforcement of food laws

b. Using of advance technologyc. Reducing use of chemical

pesticidesd. Political parties should raise their

voicee. Proper public awareness

Law against food Adulterationa. Bangladesh pure food ordinance 1959b. Section 18(1) of the constitutionc. Article 15 of the constitutiond. Bangladesh pure food act ,2005

Strategies of Policy

• Multi-sectorial involvement • Food chain approach • Risk Analysis• Monitoring and Evaluation • Scientific Research and Data • Harmonization of International

Standards and Regulations

1. Papaya seeds are used to adulterate black pepper seeds. Add some of the adulterated sample to glass water. papaya seeds float while pepper seeds do not.2. Starch is used as an adulterant in milk. put few drops of iodine solution in milk . a blue or black colour indicates starch.3. Old used spices are often mix with spices sold as fresh. Smell the spice . no or less smell indicates the adulteration4. Cheap edible oil in vanaspati. Add a solution of washing soda to vanaspati and shake well. If froth appears on top, cheap oil has been added to vanaspati.5. Artificial dye in tea leaves. Put tea leaves or moistened blotting paper. Artificial colour leaves will impart colour to blotting paper.

Some common ways of detecting food adulteration

GOVT MEASURES

RECOMMENDATION

Contd…

All the consumer should be alert and check the quality of food.

Raise the voice towards food adulteration

PUBLIC AWARENESS

CONCLUSION

QUESTION

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