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Food Nutrition Security &

Innovation

[Dr] Amzad AliEmail: ali.amzad@gmail.com

Skype: ali.amzad

Cell: +8801713 004696

What is Food Security? What is Food Security?

Food security (is) a situation that exists when all people, at all times, Have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and Food preferences for an active and healthy life. FAO (2008)

Food security [FS] prevails if both food supply and demand are sufficient to cover food requirements on a continuous and stable basis

Food Insecurity:

Food insecurity prevails if, at any time (occasionally, repeatedly, or permanently), food supply and/or demand fall short of requirements

Food SecurityFood intakeStabilityFood availabilityFood accessibility

Nutrition SecurityFood intakeFood availabilityCaring capacityHealth serviceEnvironment

Food Security Vs Nutrition Food Security Vs Nutrition SecuritySecurity

Food access

Environmental

condition

Health Status

Conceptual Framework of the Conceptual Framework of the Nutritional StatusNutritional Status

Nutritional status

Health Status

Food Intake

Nutrition Security

Food Security

Health Services

Bangladesh: Nutrition Bangladesh: Nutrition Security ScenarioSecurity Scenario

Chronic and acute malnutrition Micronutrient malnutrition Consumption Pattern

Nutrition Security for the Poor

Prevalence of Underweight (<-2 z) Prevalence of Underweight (<-2 z) Among U-5 Children in Among U-5 Children in BangladeshBangladesh

Nutrition Security for the Poor

Trends of Nutritional Status Trends of Nutritional Status of Bangladeshi Childrenof Bangladeshi Children

Nutrition Security for the Poor

Maternal Nutritional Maternal Nutritional StatusStatus

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Components of Food Components of Food SecuritySecurity

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Factors That Affect Food Factors That Affect Food SecuritySecurity

Individual constraints (knowledge, habits, symptoms)

Household constraints (production, purchasing power, intra-household distribution)

External constraints (stigma, price, market fluctuations)

External shocks (droughts, floods, conflict)

Food Insecurity and Hunger, Food Insecurity and Hunger, Undernourishment and Undernourishment and

MalnourishmentMalnourishment

•Hunger: subjective feeling of food deprivation over very short or long periods

•Undernourishment: <90% of minimum caloric intake

•Malnourishment: nutritional imbalance (lack or abundance of specific dietary components)

Inter-RelationsInter-Relations• Hunger can be felt over short time periods while

being well/under-nourished is a longer-term variable. One may be undernourished but not feel hungry, and vice versa.

• Much undernourishment occurs at early stages of life – the resulting disabilities can persist later even when a person is well-fed (undernourishment without hunger)

• A well-nourished person may suffer short bouts of hunger (hunger without undernourishment).

• Neither hunger nor poverty is quite as strongly correlated with malnutrition as with under-nutrition.

Inter-Relations (cont.)Inter-Relations (cont.)• Since food insecurity is defined as demand or

supply deficit relative to requirements at any time, it includes ideas of hunger (which can be occasional or endemic) as well as undernourishment (which can be in the past or ongoing present, and be one-shot, or repeated and permanent as is true of most people in "absolute" poverty).

• Not only are hunger, undernourishment and poverty highly correlated among themselves, they are also highly correlated with food insecurity

• Moreover, unlike hunger or poverty, food insecurity by our definition includes both malnutrition and under-nutrition

Adulteration in food

The Main Dimensions of Food The Main Dimensions of Food SecuritySecurity

• Production and Availability• Physical and Social Access• Economic Access• Utilization and Nutrition

Note: Stability is a constant aspect of each of the above dimensions

Main Dimensions DefinedMain Dimensions Defined

•Physical Access at national/individual level: a nation/individual has the ability unimpaired by any physical barriers to get hold of food

• Social Access an individual or household is able to access food by one or another of political /communal /familial /other social-institutional mechanism

•Economic Access an individual or household is able to access food by exercising purchasing power in markets

• Utilization/Nutrition refers to both processes and outcomes whereby food consumed is converted into health, nutrition and well-being

Necessary ClarificationsNecessary Clarifications

• Availability, Access & Stability are customarily taken to be the dimensions of FS. This can be reconciled with our conceptual definitions and dimensions as follows:• FIRST, while “Stability” is defined with reference to time, it is built into our 4 dimensions since our definition of FS is independent of time (occasionally, repeatedly, or permanently).• SECOND, Availability, Access & Stability all have both physical and economic dimensions. Due to the great importance of access at the individual level, we divide it into Physical & Social Access and Economic Access.• THIRD, the customary approach assumes utilization is guaranteed by Access while we make no such assumption.

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Food Security Indicators: 2010 – 2013

•7 indicators:•Income and assets:

• per capita income• per capita income from own agricultural production• Land owned

• Food intake:• Daily calorie intake• Percentage of calories from cereal (Q)

• Expenditure:• Per capita expenditure• Share of expenditure on food

• Limitations:• Additional outcome indicators• rational for targeting or not targeting certain areas is not clear• level of targeting at cluster level

Food Choices VS Nutrition Food Choices VS Nutrition

Personal preferenceHabit

Ethnic heritage or traditionSocial interactions

Availability, Convenience,

Economy

Specific Action for NutritionFeeding practices & behaviorsFortification of foodsMicronutrient supplementationTreatment of acute malnutrition

Nutrition-Sensitive StrategiesAgricultureClean water & sanitationEducationEmployment & social protectionHealth careSupport for resilience

Strategies for Improvement of Strategies for Improvement of Nutrition SituationNutrition Situation

Agriculture-Nutrition-Agriculture-Nutrition-HealthHealth

Nutrition

Livelihoods Income Employment Food Security Dietary diversity Income Equity

Productivity Risk taking Education Cognition Endurance Physical- strength

Nutrition Security for the Poor

Approaches To Ensure Approaches To Ensure Nutrition SecurityNutrition Security

Non-food based approachIdentification of most vulnerable group.Supplementation program to manage extreme condition.Fortification of staple foods with required nutrient.Ensuring proper utilization and minimizing loss by providing proper health care services and proper education.

RecommendationRecommendationAchieving nutrition security requires a multi-sectoral approach

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Actions to Improve Food Actions to Improve Food SecuritySecurityCounsel on doable actions to improve household

food consumption and dietary choices.

Address illnesses and infections that worsen nutritional status.

Counsel on improving food and water safety and sanitation.

Refer to therapeutic feeding as needed.

Link with and refer to organizations that provide food assistance, micronutrient supplementation, food security, and livelihood programming.

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ConclusionsConclusions

Information and knowledge are not enough for effective nutrition care and support without household food security.

Service providers need to assess client food security, identify feasible options, and help address food insecurity.

Food insecurity affects recommendations and options for all other topics in this manual.

YOU can change your food habits and be healthy

Exam time…….thank you