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FOOD PAC Baltimore City Department of Planning April 11, 2019
FOOD PAC
Baltimore City Department of PlanningApril 11, 2019
FOO
D POLICY ACTIO
N CO
ALITION
INTRODUCTIONS
1. Name2. Organization3. Updates4. What you remember
the most about school lunch as a child
PIMLICO ELEMENTARY MIDDLE SCHOOLhttps://www.designcollective.com/portfolio/project/baltimore-city-public-schools--pimlico-elementary-middle-renovations-additions/
TRANSPORTATION – POLICY & PRACTICE
Integrating ‘Food Access’ into Policy and Practice
Food PAC4.11.2019
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Contents• Transportation and Food Access
• Integrate into Service and Infrastructure decision-making
• Opportunities at Rail Stations
• Working Together
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• New Service Guidelines– “Retail – min. 200k sq ft”
Integrated into Policy
• Boardings• Transfers• Frequency• Title VI• Human Service Facilities• Operator Reliefs
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• Supermarket is > ¼ mile
• MHI =< 185% Federal Poverty Level
• Over 30% Households have no vehicle available
• Average Healthy Food Availability Index (AHFAI) for all food stores is low
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Rail Transit:• Metro SubwayLink• Light RailLinkBus Transit:• CityLink (12)• LocalLink (44)• Expres BusLink (9)
BaltimoreLink System
Frequent Transit Network
Every 10-15 minutes all day (7am – 7pm)
• All CityLink Routes (12)• LocalLinks: 22, 26, 30, 54, 80
*Every route serves a Supermarket (1/8 mile buffer)
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‘Produce in a SNAP’
• Select Wednesdays at West Baltimore MARC Station (2018)
• ‘Rescued’ produce destined for the land fill
• Market stands with variety bags for $7
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• Integrate food access into transit policies, vice versa• Engage BFPI/Food PAC in service changes• Be active in public market redevelopment• Expand food retail options at stations
Working Together
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• West Baltimore MARC• Rogers Metro SubwayLink• Patapsco Light RailLink
Expand Market Stands
Service Planning Timeline
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DRAFT
TRANSPORTATION - RESEARCH
An Analysis of the Disparity in Access to Healthy Food in Baltimore City
Food PACApril 11, 2019
Celeste Chavis, PhD, PE
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Access to Stores
Types ofGroceryStudies
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Adapted from Walker (20
Access to Stores # of supermarkets,
quality of food based on income, race
Higher at convenience stores, urban food deserts, rural areas
Grocery stores have higher quality than
convenience stores; foods in non-food
deserts are of higher quality
Foods within urban and rural areas are limited in type and number
Price of items at chain stores 10–40% less
than non chain stores
High obesity rates linked to living in
food desert
Fewer stores in low income areas;
residents travel further
Identifying a Food Insecure Area
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Food Desert
Vehicle Access
IncomeDistance
Motivation
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Problem StatementThere is a need to better understand grocery store travel choices in order to determine areas where grocery access is limited
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Data Collection Process● 271 online surveys promoted via social
media● 13 In-person hack driver interviews
throughout April 2018 at:○ Shoppers in Mondawmin○ Giant on 33rd and ○ Food Depot in West Side Plaza in April
2018
● 272 In-person surveys at the following locations:○ Food Depot - Belair Rd○ Food Depot - Frederick Rd○ Shoppers - Mondawmin○ Safeway - Charles St○ Save-a-lot - Pennsylvania○ Save-a-lot - N Caroline St○ Lexington Market
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Steps – Geographic Cleaning● 301 online surveys + 272 in -person surveys = 573 surveys
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Removed non-Baltimore City, No
home zip code
Removed zip codes outside of Baltimore
City
Geocode home and
store locationsReview
responses
536 527 519 516Home – 447Store – 454Both – 403
Number of Respondents by Zip Code
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Of the 447 respondents with home location:● 137 (30%) lived in Baltimore Healthy
Food Priority Area● 201 (45%) lived in USDA Food Desert
Area based on 0.5 mi ● 166 (37%) lived in USDA Food Desert
Area based on Vehicle Access
DemographicsAge
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Income Race7%
29%
20%
17%
17%
11% 11%
19%
18%16%
7%
28%1%
64%2%1%
4%
28%
Number of Respondents by Primary Store● 10% of sample chose a non -
grocery store for primary store○ 25 Superstores
Walmart SC○ 13 Big Box Stores
Costco, Sam’s, Walmart○ 2 Farm ers Marke t
Waverly○ 2 Sm all Groce rs
7 Miles, Po Tung Trading○ 1 Conven ience Store
Family Dollar
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Home vs. Preferred Store Location
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Shoppers @ Mondawmin Bel-Garden Bi-RiteMOMs
Common Assumptions in Food Desert Metr● Based on
residential location
● People shop at grocery store closest to home
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Origin of Grocery Store Trip Shop at Nearest Store
NoVehicle Vehicle
Yes 61% 52%No 39% 48%
0%20%40%60%80%
100%
% b
y Ve
hicl
e O
wne
rshi
p
No, 45%Yes, 55%
Vehicle Access
Frequency of Visits (# per month)
Number of Stores visited in a Month
Quality (HFAI Score)
N Mean N Mean N Mean
No Vehicle 196 3.76 196 2.38 145 27.4
Vehicle 310 5.04 310 2.70 214 28.0
Sig .000 .000 .000
● Most important indicator of grocery accessibility● Quality of grocery store was correlated with income
Preferred Mode to Store for Carless Househ
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● Car share is not used for grocery trips
● Ride-hailing apps & Hacks are both used● Ride-hailing apps were
used across all income levels
● Hacks more used with income < 50k
● Majority of those who walked were < 0.5 mi from store
Role of Hacks● Friday & Saturday are busiest day● First week of the month the busiest period of the month● Provide a service - regular customers, help with bags● Fare structure is varied. Generally $5 -10 based on distance● TNCs have had minimal impact on businesses● Most customers live within 10 min of store● Regular customers travel round trip, non -regular customers use hacks for
return trip● Majority (~75%) of customers are female● Customers have 15 -30 bags
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Role of Alternative Food Delivery
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Less than$20,000
$20,000to
$34,999
$35,000to
$49,999
$50,000to
$74,999
$75,000or
$99,999
$100,000and
higherTakeout Service 56% 55% 51% 60% 57% 60%Grocery Pickup 13% 10% 12% 6% 5% 5%Meal Prep 6% 5% 8% 10% 16% 33%Grocery Delivery 16% 14% 22% 23% 22% 28%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% o
f Res
pons
es b
y In
com
e
TakeoutService
GroceryPickup Meal Prep Grocery
DeliveryNo Vehicle 61% 9% 6% 18%Vehicle 52% 10% 14% 21%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% o
f Res
pons
es b
y Ve
hicl
e Av
aila
bilit
y
Conclusions● Vehicle ownership is most significant predictor of grocery store
access● Metrics based only on distance to nearest store do not reflect
reality● Public transit is not readily used for grocery shopping● Adoption of takeout services (e.g. UberEats) is growing but
adoption of grocery delivery services is slow
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DISCUSSION GROUPS
FOO
D POLICY ACTIO
N CO
ALITION
TABLE DISCUSSIONS
Equity Considerations*1. What existing racial inequities influence how
people live related your topic (food waste, transportation, use of dollar stores)?
2. How could/do policies, initiatives, programs, or budget issues related to your topic (food waste, transportation, use of dollar stores) increase or decrease racial equity? What are potential unintended consequences? What benefits may result?
*Adapted from Seattle Race and Social Justice Initiative - Racial Equity Toolkit to Assess Policies, Initiatives, Programs, and Budget Issueshttps://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/RSJI/RacialEquityToolkit_FINAL_August2012.pdf
FOO
D POLICY ACTIO
N CO
ALITION
DISCUSSION GROUPS
1. Food WasteAva Richardson
2. Dollar StoresMarie Anderson
3. TransportationAlice Huang
CONTACT INFORMATIONAlice HuangFood Access [email protected]
