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Food Security14 November 2011
Chair: Professor Tim Jones Panel: Professor Elizabeth DowlerDr Rosemary CollierDr Ben RichardsonProfessor Laura Green
Global Priorities ProgrammeResponding through research to global challenges
•Showcasing research excellence in key areas
•Developing capacity to demonstrate the impacts of this research and engage key stakeholders
•Forum for supporting and enhancing multidisciplinary and cross-departmental research
•Generating research income through interdisciplinary research that addresses major global issues
Professor Liz DowlerSociology
the good news …. more people fed food relatively cheap food is safe, widely available, healthy (?)BUTharsh terms of trade for suppliersmuch production lost – or to animal feedlabour law missing or ignored still 1 billion hungry, malnourished, obeserising ill-health from foodenvironment, biodiversity, skills all
food security ‘a situation that exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life ….’ UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
global demand for food x2 next 25-50 yrs
agriculture needs to keep pace food/ livelihoods/ economic growth food safety, public health and sustainability -
environmental and social
problems for production, processing, consuming.. loss of biodiversity, arable land, labour water conflicts, pollution land policy conflicts climate change rising prices changing tastes?
food security? food security?
production power
perceptionsprices
images: http://www.eradicatehunger.org/en/home
‘Business as usual is not an option’IAASTD 2008
Move to a more agro-ecological farming approach from an industrial, fossil fuel based model
how to enable the poorest – or not so very poor – to eat fairly, sustainably and well?
state responsibilities? social justice, rights to food?
how can people reconnect with food and each other?
Dr Rosemary CollierSchool of Life Sciences
Food production as an Food production as an ecosystem serviceecosystem service
Concept of ecosystem goods and services ‘Benefits people obtain from ecosystems’
SupportingSupportingSupporting RegulatingRegulatingRegulating ProvisioningProvisioningProvisioning CulturalCulturalCultural
•soil formation
•photosynthesis
•primary production
•nutrient cycling
•water cycling
•…
•air quality
•climate
•water quality
•erosion
•pest and disease
•pollination
•natural hazard
•…
•food/feed
•fibre
•fuel
•ornamentals
•novel products
•genetic resources
•fresh water
•…
•spiritual value
•educational value
•inspirational value
•aesthetic value
•recreational value
•…
Required for the production of all other services
Required for the production of all other services
Benefits obtained from the regulation of the environment
Benefits obtained from the regulation of the environment
Material benefits obtained
from the environment
Material benefits obtained
from the environment
Non-material benefits obtained
from the environment
Non-material benefits obtained
from the environment
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment - Ecosystem Goods and Services
• Delivery of one ecosystem service usually requires ‘support’ from others
• Use of land/ecosystems to increase provision of one service can reduce provision of other services
• Biodiversity is key to delivery of many services
Food production
• Provisioning service
• Can have negative impacts on delivery of other services because of:– Reduction in biodiversity – impact on
range of ecosystem services, including some that are important to food production itself (e.g. pollination)
– ‘Pollution’ – impact on climate regulation, water quality and other services
– Demands on resources e.g. water
• General recognition that need to improve delivery of other ecosystem services – whilst increasing food production
• Initiatives in UK and globally• At what spatial scale(s) should we
consider delivery of ecosystem services, including food production?• Field?• Landscape?• National? • European?• Global?
‘Sustainable intensification’
CAP reform
Dr Ben RichardsonPolitics and International Studies
Social Justice in the Sugarcane IndustryA study into the global expansion of
sugarcane production and how this affects the rural poor
Are rising prices for agricultural commodities good or bad for the world’s poor?
Is the use of crops for biofuel a waste of food or a way to boost agriculture and provide green energy?
Is a job as a farmer or worker in the sugarcane industry better than nothing for the rural poor?
Professor Laura GreenSchool of Life Sciences
1.4 billion people
Income less than $2 per day – need meat / animal products
Many can eat ‘grass’ and scraps
1961 - 2007
Income increasesmeat eating increases
Animals in developed countriesHuge demands on production
e.g. dairy cow now produce 10,000 litres milk p.a. dairy cow 1980s produced 5,000
Many animals (pigs, poultry, cows, sheep) fed cereals / fish meal
Could be for human food or biofuels
Proposal ‘sustainable intensification’
What about animal welfare?
The cost of endemic diseases
Over to You …