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7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Food Trade Comparison for Western
Europe and North America
Steven D. Savage, Ph.D.Savage&Associates
Applied Mythology Blog
http://www.savageagro.com/http://appliedmythology.blogspot.com/http://appliedmythology.blogspot.com/http://www.savageagro.com/7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Overview
North America and Western Europe are similar in terms of population(451 and 464 million respectively) and in wealth per capita GDPs of$39,391 and $34,828 respectively. However, these regions are verydifferent in terms of food self sufficiency. Over the last 10 years W.Europe has been a net importer of an average of 59 million metric tonsof food/year which represents 132 kg per person. Over the same time
period, N. America has exported a net 145.5 million metric tons or313.7 kg/person. Animal feeds are the largest category both forEuropean imports and N. American exports. Other large categoriesare oils, fruit, sweeteners, meats and cereal grains. W. Europe is a netexporter of meat, grains, vegetables, dairy, flours, processed grainsand alcoholic beverages. While there are a number of categories for
which North American exports are rising over time, this is only true fora few categories of food for Western Europe. As global food suppliestighten between now and mid-century, Europe can be expected to be amajor competitor with other, less affluent parts of the world such as
Africa that depend on international food trade.
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Background and Methodology
Trade statistics are available from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization(FAOSTATS) from 1961 to 2010.
Data was downloaded for North America (Canada, Mexico, US), for Europe (41countries). FAOs region for Eastern Europe was also downloaded and the datasubtracted to leave 30 countries representing Western Europe (Albania, Austria,Belgium, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bosnia and Hertzegovina, Croatia, Denmark,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, Serbia andMontenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom). Africa databased on FAOSTATS list of 55 countries.
The hundreds of commodities represented were summarized to 22 major categories:alcoholic beverages, bran, coffee/tea, chocolate-ingredients, dairy, animal fats,
animal feed (maize, soybeans, sorghum, hay), fiber, flour, fruit, fruit juice, germ,cereal grains (wheat, barley, rye, rice), processed foods from grains, meats, nuts,vegetable oils, pet food, pulse crops, spices, starch crops, sweeteners (sugar beets,sugar cane), vegetables. Tobacco products and fiber crops were analyzed, but notincluded in the final food summary
Population and per capita GDP data were taken from Wikipedia
http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.htmlhttp://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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North America has net food exports of approximately threetimes the net imports of Western Europe which imports asmuch food as Africa which has 2.53 times the population
Comparison of Net Food Import Status
-200,000,000
-150,000,000
-100,000,000
-50,000,000
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
MetricTonnes
Western Europe Net Importer
Africa Net Importer
North America Net Exporter
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Summary of Trade and Production Magnitudes andDirection for Major Crop Categories
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Summary of Trade Magnitudes and Direction for MinorCrop Categories
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Summary On a PerCapita Basis
W. Europe N. America Africa
Animal Feeds 215.0 -483.5 29.9
Vegetable Oils 67.1 -26.6 9.4
Fruit 40.2 35.9 -7.2
Sweeteners 17.3 19.5 8.1
Meat -10.9 -23.9 2.7
Cereal Grains -23.4 -213.4 73.1
Nuts 13.1 -3.0 -1.0
Tea/Coffee 12.7 7.1 -1.3
Starch crops 5.4 0.5 0.1
Chocolate-related 4.5 3.4 -3.8
Pulse Crops 3.4 -22.1 1.8Spices 0.8 0.8 0.1
Pet Food 0.5 -3.7 0.1
Fruit Juices 0.1 10.7 0.0
Bran 0.0 -1.1 0.2
Germ -0.1 0.0 0.0
Vegetables -2.8 12.3 0.5
Animal Fats -2.8 -6.8 0.5Dairy -6.5 -1.8 2.0
Flour -8.6 -2.8 4.1
Alcoholic Beverages -16.8 17.6 0.3
Processed Grains -18.1 -10.0 2.2
Total 290.2 -690.9 121.6
Positive values are net imports, negative values are net exports
Net Food Trade Average 2001-2010 Expressed As Pounds
per Person per Year
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Comparison of Net Import Status for Western Europe and
North America (kg per capita, average 2001-2010)
98
30 188
-5 -11
-220
-12
16 9
-11
-97
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
feed
oils
fruit
sweeteners
meat
grains
W Europe
N America
Major Trade Commodities
Net Exports
Net Imports
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Comparison of Net Import Status for Western Europe and
North America (kg per capita, average 2001-10)
6.0 5.7
2.5 2.11.6 1.2
0.4 0.4 0.2
-1.4
3.2
0.2
1.6
-10.1
-6.4
-0.1 0.4
-1.7
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
nuts
caffeine
starch
chocolate
pulses
fiber
tobacco
products
spices
petfood
W Europe
N America
Minor Trade Commodities (1 of 2)
Net Exports
Net Imports
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Minor Trade Commodities (2 of 2)
Comparison of Net Import Status for Western Europe and
North America (kg per capita, average 2001-10)
0.0 0.0 -0.1
-1.3 -1.3
-2.9-3.9
-7.6-8.2
4.9
-0.5
0.0
5.6
-3.1
-0.8 -1.2
8.0
-4.6
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
fru
itjuice
bran
germ
vege
tables
fat
dairy
flour
Alc
oholic
beverages
grains
processed
W Europe
N America
Net Exports
Net Imports
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Europes most significant imports are commodities used as
animal feeds
European Trade Trends ( Animal Feed )
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpo
rts(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North America exports vast quantities of animal feed crops
North American Trade Trends ( Animal Feed )
-140,000,000
-120,000,000
-100,000,000
-80,000,000
-60,000,000
-40,000,000
-20,000,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Africa is a growing importer of feed crops
African Trade Trends ( Feed Crops )
-10,000,000
-5,000,000
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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European imports of Oilseeds have been increasing since1980
European Trade Trends ( Oilseeds )
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpo
rts(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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Net Oilseed exports from North America have beenincreasing, particularly in recent years
North American Trade Trends ( Oil Seeds )
-10,000,000
-9,000,000
-8,000,000
-7,000,000
-6,000,000
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Africa imports ~70% as much oilseed as Europe
African Trade Trends (Oilseeds )
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Europe, particularly Western Europe, is a growing netimporter of sweeteners
European Trade Trends ( Sweeteners )
-2,000,000
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North American sweetener imports are moderate andrelatively stable
North American Trade Trends ( Sweeteners )
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
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Africa imports more sweeteners than Europe or NorthAmerica
African Trade Trends ( Sweeteners )
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Europe is a net importer of fruit, but recent growth hasbeen outside of Western Europe
European Trade Trends ( Fruit )
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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Fruit is one of the fastest growing import items for NorthAmerica
North American Trade Trends ( Fruit )
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
10,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
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Africa is an increasingly large exporter of fruit
African Trade Trends ( Fruit )
-5,000,000
-4,500,000
-4,000,000
-3,500,000
-3,000,000
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Fruit juices are a minor component of Europes net imports
or exports
European Trade Trends ( Fruit Juice )
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpor
ts(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North America is a net importer of fruit juices, increasinglyso since the turn of the century
North American Trade Trends ( Fruit Juices )
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Africa has very limited trade in fruit juices
African Trade Trends ( Fruit Juices )
-120,000
-100,000
-80,000
-60,000
-40,000
-20,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Europe continues to slowly increase imports of coffee andtea
European Trade Trends ( Coffee and Tea... )
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North American coffee and tea imports have been risingslowly since the mid 1990s
North American Trade Trends ( Coffee and Tea... )
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
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Africas coffee and tea exports are diminishing slowly
African Trade Trends ( Coffee and Tea)
-1,400,000
-1,200,000
-1,000,000
-800,000
-600,000
-400,000
-200,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Europe is a net importer of nuts, mainly for Western Europein recent decades
European Trade Trends ( Nuts )
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North America is a major exporter of almonds and peanutsand an importer of cashews
North American Trade Trends ( Nuts )
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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African nut exports are now minor
African Trade Trends ( Nuts )
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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Europe had been a moderate net importer of pulse crops,but very recently has dropped to near a net zero exchange
European Trade Trends ( Pulse Crops )
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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North America has rapidly expanding net exports of pulsecrops
North American Trade Trends ( Pulse Crops )
-7,000,000
-6,000,000
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
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Africa imports a small but growing quantity of pulse crops
African Trade Trends ( Pulse Crops )
-600,000
-400,000
-200,000
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Spices are a minor import item for Europe
European Trade Trends ( Spices)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North American spice imports are also increasing
North American Trade Trends ( Spices )
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
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Africa has shifted from being a net exporter of spices to aminor net importer
African Trade Trends ( Spices )
-250,000
-200,000
-150,000
-100,000
-50,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Europe was once a major importer of starch cropsprimarily cassava, but this has declined to near zero
European Trade Trends ( Starch Sources )
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
10,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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North America does import some starch sources,particularly cassava
North American Trade Trends ( Starch Crops )
-50,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Africa now imports small amounts of cassava
African Trade Trends ( Starch )
-200,000
-150,000
-100,000
-50,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Western Europe has seen declining imports of tobacco-based productssince the late 70s a trend only more recently seen for all of Europe
European Trade Trends ( Tobacco Products )
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Import
s-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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North American net trade in tobacco products hasdiminished to near zero
North American Trade Trends ( Tobacco Products )
-350,000
-300,000
-250,000
-200,000
-150,000
-100,000
-50,000
0
50,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Africa is a tobacco exporter
African Trade Trends ( Tobacco )
-350,000
-300,000
-250,000
-200,000
-150,000
-100,000
-50,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Western Europe has become a small, net exporter ofvegetables while Europe as a whole is a net importer
European Trade Trends ( Vegetables )
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Net Vegetable imports to North America have beengrowing steadily since ~1990
North American Trade Trends ( Vegetables )
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Africas net vegetable exports have become a small net
import
African Trade Trends ( Vegetables )
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Europe is a net exporter of meat products, particularlyWestern Europe
European Trade Trends ( Meat Products )
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W EuropeAll Europe
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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North America is a major exporter of meat
North American Trade Trends ( Meat )
-8,000,000
-7,000,000
-6,000,000
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Africa is a growing net importer of meat
African Trade Trends ( Meat )
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Europe is a highly productive region for grain crops, but atleast for Western Europe, net exports have declined
European Trade Trends ( Grains )
-60,000,000
-50,000,000
-40,000,000
-30,000,000
-20,000,000
-10,000,000
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpo
rts(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
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North American net grain exports have been stably in the40-50 million tonne range for the last 15 years
North American Trade Trends ( Grains )
-80,000,000
-70,000,000
-60,000,000
-50,000,000
-40,000,000
-30,000,000
-20,000,000
-10,000,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Africa is highly dependent on grain imports
African Trade Trends ( Grains )
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
45,000,000
50,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetI
mports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
G i b d d t h d b i t t f
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Grain-based products had been a growing net export forEurope, but that trend has recently reversed
European Trade Trends( Processed Foods From Grains )
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
W EuropeAll Europe
G i b d d t ( l lt b d ) h
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Grain-based products (e.g. cereals, malt, bread) havebeen a minor net export except for a brief period
North American Trade Trends ( Grain-basedProducts )
-4,000,000
-3,500,000
-3,000,000
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
Af i i l i ti d d t d f
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Africa is also importing more and more products made fromgrains
African Trade Trends ( Grain-based Products )
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
N t i i l E i t b t ti l titi f
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
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Not surprisingly, Europe imports substantial quantities ofingredients for chocolate
European Trade Trends ( Chocolate )
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
N th A i h l t l t d i t h b
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North American chocolate-related imports have beengrowing since 1980
North American Trade Trends ( Chocolate-related )
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
58/67
Africa is a major and growing source of chocolate
African Trade Trends ( Ingredients for Chocolate )
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
Europe has been a net exporter of dairy products but for
7/28/2019 Food Trade Comparison
59/67
Europe has been a net exporter of dairy products, but forWestern Europe, those exports have been declining
European Trade Trends ( Dairy )
-3,500,000
-3,000,000
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpo
rts(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
North America has only recently begun to have much in the
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North America has only recently begun to have much in theway of net dairy exports
North American Trade Trends ( Dairy )
-1,000,000
-800,000
-600,000
-400,000
-200,000
0
200,000
400,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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61/67
Africa imports a significant amount of dairy products
African Trade Trends ( Dairy )
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
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European net flour exports have been declining since 1990
European Trade Trends ( Flours )
-6,000,000
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpo
rts(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
North American flour exports have also been declining on a
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North American flour exports have also been declining on anet basis
North American Trade Trends ( Flour )
-3,500,000
-3,000,000
-2,500,000
-2,000,000
-1,500,000
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImp
orts(Tonnes,Imports-E
xports)
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64/67
Africa is importing less of its grain as flour
African Trade Trends ( Flour )
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImports(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
Europe is a major net exporter of alcoholic beverages
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65/67
Europe is a major net exporter of alcoholic beverages,primarily wine and distilled alcohol products
European Trade Trends ( Alcoholic Beverages )
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetImpo
rts(Tonnes,Imports
-Exports)
W Europe
All Europe
Net imports of alcoholic beverages (beer>distilled products>wine) have
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66/67
Net imports of alcoholic beverages (beer>distilled products>wine) havebeen rapidly increasing for North America
North American Trade Trends ( Alcoholicbeverages )
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
Once a net exporter Africa has recently become a net
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67/67
Once a net exporter, Africa has recently become a netimporter of alcoholic products
African Trade Trends ( Alcoholic Beverages )
-1,600,000
-1,400,000
-1,200,000
-1,000,000
-800,000
-600,000
-400,000
-200,000
0
200,000
400,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NetIm
ports(Tonnes,Imports-
Exports)
