Page - 53 VHSE Curriculum FOR JOB ROLES Polymers are all around us- from simple house hold articles and clothing materials to automobile, aircraft, to medical products, making it impossible to live without polymers. The polymer industry in India employs nearly 12 lakh peoples and is growing at a rate of 15 - 16% CAGR. As the per-capita consumption of polymers in India is far below the global average, the industry will continue to show robust growth in the next 10 - 15 years. This will create millions of job opportunities in polymer industries at all levels. "Polymer Technology course explore different polymeric materials, their properties, important application and processing to make final products. VHSE course in Polymer Technology provide candidates with hands- on and theoretical knowledge that prepares them for technician-level jobs in the rubber/plastics and composite industries. This is a great opportunity to learn in-demand job skills. GOVT/ SEMI GOVT SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR SELF EMPLOYMENT • Lab assistant - VHSE • Trades man - Polytechnic • Technical assistant - Rubber Board • Technical assistant CFSC • Lab technician Plantation corporation • Production Assistant - Hindustan Latex ltd. • Lab Technician - Rubber • Lab Technician - Plastics • Lab Technician - composites in VSSC, SCTIMST, Defence Laboratories, CSIR - research laboratories • Rubber processing technician • Chemical weigher • Junior technician • Lab technician • QC inspector • Rubber moulding technician • Rubber Extruder operator • Plastic processing technician • Injection moulding machine operator • Extruder operator • Blow moulding machine operator • FRP (Fibre reinforced plastics) processing technician • Latex product manufacturing (Gloves, finger cap, rubber band, toys, catheter) • Rubber moulded goods manufacturing • Tyre retreading • Plastic processing unit. • Injection moulding unit • Extrusion unit • Blow moulding unit • Fibre glass processing (FRP doors, biogas plant, helmet etc)
Transcript
Page - 53
VHSE Curriculum
FOR JOB ROLES
Polymers are all around us- from simple house hold articles andclothing materials to automobile, aircraft, to medical products, makingit impossible to live without polymers. The polymer industry in Indiaemploys nearly 12 lakh peoples and is growing at a rate of 15 - 16%CAGR. As the per-capita consumption of polymers in India is far belowthe global average, the industry will continue to show robust growth inthe next 10 - 15 years. This will create millions of job opportunities inpolymer industries at all levels.
"Polymer Technology course explore different polymeric materials,their properties, important application and processing to make finalproducts.
VHSE course in Polymer Technology provide candidates with hands-on and theoretical knowledge that prepares them for technician-leveljobs in the rubber/plastics and composite industries. This is a greatopportunity to learn in-demand job skills.
Vocational Higher Secondary Education in Kerala is a unique schemeof education which combines both vocational and academic stream ofeducation. Learning vocational skills along with conventional academiceducation gives the students double advantage of vertical mobility aswell as employability. It helps to develop vocational aptitude, workculture, values and attitudes of the learner and enhances hisproductivity. The vision of Vocational Higher Secondary Education inKerala is to equip the youth with multiple skills matching thetechnological advancements and to produce skilled work force formeeting the demands of the emerging industries and service sectorswith national and global orientation.
As India is emerging as a manufacturing hub to the world the demandfor skilled manpower is on the rise. Kerala, traditionally known for itshigh quality man power all over the world can embark on thisopportunity and equip our students with skills for the manufacturingsector and reduce the unemployability problems of the state.
The polymer technology course in VHSE is one such course from themanufacturing sector. Polymers have wide spread applications in ourdaily life like simple household articles, automobiles, spacecrafts,medical products etc and is rapidly replacing many conventionalmaterials like metals in many applications. Hence acquiring skills in themanufacturing of polymer products will help the students to get earlyemployment opportunities.
The course is designed for providing knowledge and skills toparticipants in Rubber, Plastics, and Composite productsmanufacturing. This course is now offered in modular format consistingof four modules with focus on multi skills development. One month OnThe Job Training and Production cum training centres are also anintegral part of the course which gives exposure to real time workenvironment.
Upon successful completion of this course the candidate will be able tojoin Rubber/plastic/composite industries as junior level techniciansand are also eligible for attending advanced courses on PolymerTechnology or any other courses that can be pursued after plus twoscience stream
A few institutes offering higher learning courses in polymer technologyare listed below.1. Three polytechnics in Kerala offers Diploma in Polymer
technology2. IRI( Indian Rubber Institute) offers Diploma and B.Tech level
courses similar to AMIE schemes
Page - 55
VHSE Curriculum
3. Cochin university of science and technology offers B.Tech inpolymer science and rubber technology
4. UCAS (University College of Applied Science) Pullarikunnu, M.GUniversity Kottayam offers B.Tech in polymer technology.
5. University college of engineering M.G University ,Muttam,Thodupuzha is offering B.Tech in Polymer Technology
6. CIPET (Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology)is offering diploma, B.Sc, B.Tech and M.Tech courses in Plastictechnology through 28 centres across the country.
8. Research programs in polymer science are available in almost allscience/ technology universities, and research institutions
Thus finally you have a wonderful opportunity to learn in demandskills with higher learning opportunities. Come… let's explore thewonderful world of polymers.
SUBJECT APPROACH
Polymer technology can be described in brief as the manufacture,processing and applications of long chain molecules (polymers).Materials that are classified as polymers typically include Rubbers,Plastics, and Fibres etc. We are living in an era in which human life isimpossible without the use of polymer products. With its high strengthto weight ratio, ease of fabrication, long life, and relatively low cost,polymers are replacing many conventional materials rapidly. Since theper-capita consumption of polymers India is far below the globalaverage, this sector offers great scope for expansion. This will createmillions of Job opportunities in this sector in the coming years.
The polymer industry in India including rubber, plastics andcomposites are facing acute shortage of skilled man power. This isbecause only very few institutes in India offers skill developmentprograms in this sector. Hence the VHSE course in polymer Technologyoffers very good employment opportunities for students in India andabroad.
The VHSE Polymer Technology course curriculum is divided into fourmodules. In the first module the learner will learn about different typesof polymers, their properties, and processing methods to make usefulproducts from polymers. At the end of the first module the learner willacquire basic skills in polymer processing and can work as assistant todifferent polymer processing machine operators.
The second module specifically deals with rubber technology. Thelearner will learn in detail about different types of rubbers, their
Page - 56
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
compounding, and processing. At the end of the module the learner willacquire skills in the operation of different rubber processingmachineries and in the manufacture of different kinds of rubberproducts. He may be able to work as rubber processing technician invarious rubber industries.
The third module deals with plastics and its processing. The learner willlearn about the different types of plastics and its processing. At the endof the module the learner will acquire skill in the operation of differentplastic processing machines and in the manufacture of different kindsof plastic products. He may be able to work as plastic processingtechnician/ machine operator in plastic industries.
The fourth module deals with fibre reinforced plastics (composites).Composite materials have emerged as an important material system forindustrial and societal applications. India has a good industrial base formaking various products using these materials. However, there is nocorresponding effort to impart education for beginners on how to usethese materials and manufacture them. FRP module in VHSE polymertechnology curriculum gives the basic understanding of the technology,skill in the manufacturing methods and applications. The aim is toprovide the necessary knowledge to take up employment incomposites (FRP) industry. This module is intended to cover thetechnology of fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) product manufactureutilizing various manufacturing processes. It consists of lectures,practical work, video demonstrations and a visit to an industry
The learning environment in VHSE schools is conducive for thetransaction of the necessary skills. Knowledge inputs are providedthrough participative lectures and other training methodologies likegroup discussion, role play, multimedia presentations, field visits andother activities to ensure effective learning. The methodology followedto impart the skill is by means of practical work, On the Job Training andthrough production cum training centres.
ICT Enabled Education
Information Communication Technology has a vital role in thetransaction of polymer technology. Videos on the manufacture of rubberand rubber products prepared by Rubber Board are available in schools.All India rubber industries association has also developed videos fortraining purposes. Many of the rubber and plastic machinerymanufactures have published operational videos of their latestmachineries. Power point presentations on various subjects are alreadyavailable in the schools. The students can easily grasp the contentthrough videos, slides etc. IT@ School has laptops and LCD projectorsin the schools. ICT enabled education will improve the quality ofteaching learning process. The manufacture of different products like
Page - 57
VHSE Curriculum
tyres, tubes, plastic pipes, moulded goods and Fibre reinforcedproducts and working of working of different machineries can be easilytransacted through videos.
Objectives
Upon successful completion, the Learners will be able to• Explain basic Concepts involved in polymer technology• List the industrial use of rubber, plastics and composites• Elaborate on techniques involved in manufacturing of
polymer products• Describe the working principles, features and components of
machines used for rubber mixing and to make articles outof rubber compounds
• Demonstrate skill in the mixing and moulding of rubbers• Describe the working principles features and components of
machines used in plastic processing• Demonstrate skill in the working of plastic processing
machineries.• Describe the different FRP processing techniques• Demonstrate the skill in the manufacture of FRP products• Demonstrate new age practices and methods adopted in
industries• Practice testing of Rubber/plastic compounds & products• Follow standards & specifications of systems and products• Follow safety guidelines
Define - Monomers, Polymers, Functionality of monomers, repeatingunits, Polymerisation, Addition and condensation Polymerisation
Classification and applications of polymers
Classification of polymers - Natural, Synthetic, organic, inorganic, homopolymer, copolymer, linear and branched polymers, thermosets andthermoplastics, Rubbers, Plastics, Fibres etc,
Molecular weight of polymers
Molecular weight of polymers - Concept of Average Molecular weight,Degree of Polymerisation, Molecular Weight Distribution, Practical
Page - 58
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
significance of polymer molecular weight and molecular weightdistribution
Unit 2 - Properties of Polymers (40 periods)
Characteristics of polymers
Characteristics of polymers such as Low Density, Low coefficient offriction, Good corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, surface finish,processibility, Economical, Poor tensile strength, Low mechanicalproperties, Poor temperature resistance, Attractive colours, Comparisonwith metals, wood etc
Structure and properties of polymers
Structure and properties of polymers Effect of Chain length, Sidegroups, Branching and crosslinking on the physical properties ofpolymers
Thermal and mechanical behaviour of polymers
Thermal behaviour of polymers Glass Transition Temperature Tg,Factors affecting Tg, Melting Point. Mechanical properties of polymers- stress, strain, modulus, toughness Creep and Stress relaxation
Unit 3 - Polymer Materials (120 periods)
Thermoplastic Materials
Production, Properties, grades, and applications of Thermoplastics suchas PE, PP, PS, PVC, PMMA and PET
Thermoset plastics
Production, Properties, grades, and applications of thermoset resins likePhenol Formaldehyde, Melamine formaldehyde, Urea formaldehyderesins
General purpose rubbers
Production, Properties, grades, and applications of General purposerubbers such as NR, SBR, Butadiene Rubber, EPDM and Reclaimrubber
Special purpose synthetic rubbers
Production, properties, Compounding and application of, NBR, CR, IIR,CSM, CM, ACM, Flouro carbon rubbers, Silicone Rubbers, and Polyurethane
Fibres
Production, Properties, grades, processing and applications of differentfibres such as cotton, glass fibre, nylon, rayon, carbon, aramid andcarbon fibres
Page - 59
VHSE Curriculum
Identification of polymers
Identification of CR, NBR, Silicone Rubber, Nylon, PVC, PP and PVCthrough visual inspection, response to heat and flame, elementalanalysis and chemical analysis
Unit 4 - Polymer Additives (50 periods)
Additives for Plastics
Additives for Plastics - Antioxidants, blowing agents, colourants,coupling agents, flame retardants, heat stabilisers, impact modifiers,lubricants, plasticizers, preservatives, UV stabilisers, etc.
Additives for Rubbers
Activators, Co activator, Antioxidants, Antiozonants-staining - nonstaining, fillers- reinforcing - non reinforcing, process aids, vulcanizingagents, accelerators- different types
Mixing - Plastic compound mixing, preparation of pellets, Moulding -Injection moulding, Blow Moulding Compression Moulding,Rotational Moulding, Extrusion, and thermoforming.
Unit 6 - Basic Engineering Drawing (30 periods)
Drawing standards, Lettering and Numbering, Dimensioning,Projection of Points, Projection of Lines, Projection of Planes,Orthographic Projection of Objects, Sectional views, Isometric views
History and development of Natural Rubber. Role of Columbus, HenryWickhalm, Joseph Priestly, H.N. Ridley, Charles Goodyear, ThomasHancock and JJ Murphy. World Production / Consumption statistics,Large Plantations in India, Geographical distribution, Climaticrequirements and activities of Rubber board
Harvesting and preservation of Natural rubber latex
tapping, slaughter tapping, Field crops. Composition of latex,spontaneous coagulation. Preservation of latex- ammonia as apreservative, merits and demerits of ammonia. LATZ system
Concentration of NR Latex
Need for concentration of latex, DRC, Different concentration methods,Creaming process - creaming agents, theory, factors affecting theefficiency of creaming Centrifuging, - Process - Machines - skim latexand cenex, comparison of centrifuging and creaming
Preparation of Ribbed Smoked Sheets
Various steps, dosage of chemicals and acids, Same day and next daysheeting, drying in smoke houses, Grading
Manufacture of crepe rubber and technically specified rubber
Manufacture of pale latex crepe and estate brown crepe - processing andmachineries Manufacture of TSR - Need for TSR, Comparison of TSRand sheet rubber. Different grades and technical specifications.Manufacturing process - equipment and testing.
Unit 2 - Rubber Compounding (40 periods)
Rubber compounding
Definition, Objectives of rubber compounding. Sulphur vulcanisation- Different systems. Non sulphur vulcanisation systems
Compounding Ingredients
Vulcanising agents, accelerators - different classes - Amines,Guanidines, Thiazoles, Sulphenamides, Thiurams, Dithiocarbamates,and xanthates, Primary and secondary accelerators.
Activators, Co activators, Anti oxidants/ ozonants - SP, Hinderedphenols, TMQ, PBN, 6PPD, IPPD
Fillers - Reinforcing fillers - Carbon blacks and silica Non reinforcingfillers - China clay, Calcium carbonate, Whiting, Aluminium silicate,barytes etc. Effect of particle size on reinforcement. Process aids -Process oils- aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic, Plasticizers -DOP,DBP, CPW, Factice Special purpose additives - Blowing agents, fireretardants, retarders etc.
Design of rubber compounds
Design of rubber compounds with various hardness using NR anddifferent dosages of different fillers Design of NR compound for - goodmechanical properties, good heat resistance
Design of good abrasion resistant rubber, Oil resistant compound for oilseals, Weather resistant compound using EPDM, Chemical ResistantCompound using IIR, IIR Compound for Automobile tubes. Design of
Page - 61
VHSE Curriculum
fire resistant compound, Extrusion compounds using NR and EPDM,Design of FKM and Silicone compounds
Unit 3 - Manufacture of Latex Products (80 periods)
Latex compounding principles
Preparation of solution, dispersion and emulsions, Ball mills andattritor mills, Factors affecting the efficiency of ball mill. Latexcompounding, Wet weight and dry weight.
Manufacture of latex dipped products
Manufacture of dipped goods like Gloves - surgeons, examination,house hold and electricians gloves, Rubber band, Balloons and Fingercaps
Unit 4 - Manufacture of Dry Rubber Products (80 periods)
Rubber moulded goods
Manufacture of different kinds of rubber moulded goods such asDiaphragms, Grommets, O-rings, Oil seals, expanded rubber sheets,footwear soles and other automobile parts
Manufacture of Conveyer belt and power transmission belts
Manufacture of Conveyer belt - applications- Different structures andreinforcements. Manufacture methods, Vulcanisation - step cure andRotocure. V belts - Applications- Advantages Different types -Components of V belt, Manufacturing method, Vulcanisation
Manufacture of rubber hoses and cables
Manufacture of Garden hoses, Automobile hoses - Radiator hoses -components - tube, reinforcements and cover, Manufacturing methods- curing - lead cutting, autoclave curing, braided hose. Cables -Manufacturing process - Cross head dual extrusion - Classification ofcables, steam vulcanisation
Manufacture of rubber to metal bonded products
Rubber to metal bonding - Ebonite bonding, brass bonding, Adhesivebonding, Surface preparation
Manufacture of Rubber covered Rolls, Rubber lining of chemicaltanks
Rubber to metal bonded automobile components - Shock absorberbushes, engine mountings etc
Page - 62
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Common defects and remedies in the manufacture of Rubber Products
Shrinkage, Undercure, Sponging and porosity, Over cure, Air trapping,poor knitting or flow cracks, back grinding, tearing on removal fromcavity, bloom, Excess flash, Distortion, sticking in cavity, poorregistration of mould marks
Unit 5 - Manufacture of Tyres And Tubes (50 periods)
Introduction to tyres
Development of pneumatic tyres and its functions, Tyre componentsand its functions - Tread, Sidewall, Bead, bead apex, bead flipper,carcass plies, breaker plies, belt plies, chafer strips, inner liner etc Tyreconstructions, Tread patterns, and Tyre Markings - Bias tyre, Radialtyre, bias belted tyres Lug Design, Semi lug design, and Rib designsMarkings on a tyre and its interpretations
Tyre Building, curing and post cure operations
Preparation of different tyre components and their assembling in tyrebuilding machine to complete the green tyre. Tyre curing and post cureoperations
Manufacture of cycle tyres and solid tyres
Manufacture of cycle tyres - monoband building, Manufacture of solidtyres
Manufacture of Automobile Tubes & flaps
Manufacture of Automobile Tubes & flaps Suitable formulations forautomobile tubes and flaps, Compound preparation, extrusion, cuttingto lengths, valve holing, valve fixing, splicing, and molding
Tyre Retreading
Definition, need for retreading, advantages of retreading, Differentmethods of retreading - Conventional or hot process, - cold or pre curedprocess, Retreading process - inspection, buffing, cleaning, solventapplication, cushion gum application tread application, vulcanisationand inspection
Unit 6 - Testing and Quality Control in Rubber Industry (30 periods)
Testing and latex and technically specified rubber
Density - Zinc chloride method, Mooney viscosity, Cure characteristicsusing rheometer.
Page - 63
VHSE Curriculum
Tests on vulcanised Rubber
Test on rubber vulcanisates Hardness, Tensile strength, Modulus,elongation at break, tear resistance, abrasion resistance, Compressionset, Flex resistance - crack initiation and crack growth resistance,Rebound resilience,
Quality Management systems
Basic concepts of Quality management systems like Standard operatingProcedures, Good manufacturing practices, 5S, Kaizen, ISO9000,QS9000, TS16949, TPM, TQM and ISO 14000
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of class XI the learner will be able to
of monomers, addition and condensation polymers1.1.2 Identify polymers based on their origin, monomers,
molecular structure, type of Polymerisation, response to heatand application.
1.1.3 Realise the concept of average molecular weight, degree ofpolymerisation and molecular weight distribution ofpolymers
1.2. Properties of Polymers1.2.1 Explain the characteristics of polymers such as density,
strength, processibility, service life etc.1.2.2 Compare polymers with other materials such as wood,
metal etc1.2.3 Explain the effect of Chain length, Side groups, Branching
and cross linking on the physical properties of polymers1.2.4 Realise the thermal behaviour of polymers such as Tg, Tm,
and factors affecting them1.2.5 Realise the mechanical properties and long term behaviour
of polymers
1.3. Polymer Materials1.3.1 Explain the production properties and applications of
Thermoplastics such as PE, PP, PS, PVC, PMMA and PET1.3.2 Choose suitable thermoplastics for specified applications
Page - 64
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
1.3.3 Explain the production properties and applications ofthermoset resins like PF, MF,UF resins
1.3.4 Select suitable thermoset plastics for specified applications1.3.5 Explain the production, properties and applications of
General purpose rubbers such as NR, SBR, ButadieneRubber, EPDM and reclaim rubber
1.3.6 Explain the Production, properties, Compounding andapplication of, special purpose synthetic rubbers like NBR,CR, IIR, CSM, CM, ACM. Flouro carbon rubbers, SiliconeRubbers, and Poly urethane
1.3.7 Select suitable rubbers for specified applications
1.4 Polymer Additives1.4.1 Choose suitable additives for plastics for different
applications1.4.2 Realise the basic concepts in rubber processing such as
1.4.3 Realise the function of different ingredients used in rubbercompounding.
1.4.4 Prepare sample rubber formulations.1.4.5 Do mastication and blending of rubbers
1.5 Polymer Processing1.5.1 Describe the working of rubber mixing mills, intermix,
banbury and kneaders1.5.2 Demonstrate the mixing of rubber compounds in a mixing
mill1.5.3 Explain different rubber molding techniques like
compression molding, transfer molding, and injectionmoulding
1.5.4 Demonstrate the compression molding of a rubber product1.5.5 Describe the rubber processing methods such as Extrusion,
calendaring, and autoclave vulcanisation1.5.6 Describe the working principle, features and components of
machines used in plastic injection molding, blow molding,compression molding, rotational molding, extrusion andthermoforming
1.5.7 Demonstrate plastic injection molding, and compressionmolding in hand/semi automatic injection molding andcompression molding machineries
Page - 65
VHSE Curriculum
1.6 Basic Engineering Drawing1.6.1 Use various Drawing Standards in appropriate situations1.6.2 Use proper lettering and Numbering while preparing
drawing sheets1.6.3 Use proper Dimensioning method1.6.4 Use proper angle of Projection to project points1.6.5 Use proper angle of Projection to project lines1.6.6 Use proper angle of Projection to project planes1.6.7 Drawing of objects using Orthographic Projection methods1.6.8 Drawing Sectional View of an object1.6.9 Drawing Isometric views of an object
MODULE 2. Rubber Compounding
2.1. Natural Rubber2.1.1 Describe the history and development of Natural Rubber2.1.2 Identify the important sources of natural rubber2.1.3 Relate the climatic requirements and geographical
distribution of rubber in India.2.1.4 Evaluate the impact of Natural rubber on Kerala's Economy2.1.5 Describe different tapping methods, Tappability, tapping
rest, tapping knifes, tapping systems, directions etc2.1.6 Discuss the profile of a rubber tapper in Kerala's society2.1.7 Identify the different forms of rubber crop from the field2.1.8 Explain the composition and spontaneous coagulation of
latex.2.1.9 Realise the need for preservation of latex2.1.10 Perform the preservation of natural rubber latex using
ammonia and LATZ systems.2.1.11 Describe the different latex concentration techniques and the
need for concentration of latex2.1.12 Prepare concentrated latex by creaming2.1.13 Compare creaming and centrifuging methods2.1.14 Describe the preparation of Ribbed Smoked Sheets and its
grading2.1.15 Prepare Ribbed Smoked Sheets2.1.16 Describe the manufacture of different grades of Crepe
Rubber
Page - 66
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
2.1.17 Describe the manufacture and testing of different grades ofTechnically Specified rubber
2.1.18 Compare Sheet rubber and Technically specified rubber
2.2. Rubber Compounding2.2.1 Explain the principles of rubber compounding and its
importance in rubber manufacturing.2.2.2 Describe different vulcanisation systems and its specific
applications2.2.3 Differentiate between various Vulcanising agents and
explain their specific function and importance2.2.4 Identify different compounding ingredients and list their
functions.2.2.5 Design the compound for specific applications.2.2.6 Demonstrate rubber compounding.
2.3. Manufacture Of Latex Products2.3.1 Explain the basic concepts of latex compounding.2.3.2 Prepare dispersions, emulsions and solutions for latex
compounding2.3.3 Demonstrate the working of a ball mill2.3.4 Design and Prepare simple latex compounds.2.3.5 Produce latex products such as gloves, balloons, finger caps,
and rubber bands using dipping process2.3.6 Produce latex toys by casting2.3.7 Explain the production of latex threads by extrusion2.3.8 Describe the production of latex foam2.3.9 Explain the production of latex cements and adhesives
2.4. Manufactures of Dry Rubber Products2.4.1 Describe the manufacture of rubber moulded goods such as
O-rings, Oil seals, expanded rubber sheets, etc2.4.2 Produce rubber moulded goods2.4.3 Describe the manufacture of rubber conveyor belts and V
belts2.4.4 Describe the manufacture of rubber hoses and cables2.4.5 Describe the rubber to metal bonding processes2.4.6 Explain the manufacture of rubber covered rolls and rubber
lining of chemical tanks2.4.7 Describe the common defects and remedies in the
manufacture of rubber products
Page - 67
VHSE Curriculum
2.5. Manufacture of Tyres And Tubes2.5.1 Describe the pneumatic tyre and its functions2.5.2 Describe the components of a tyre and its functions2.5.3 Compare different tyre constructions2.5.4 Distinguish different tread designs2.5.5 Identify the markings on a tyre2.5.6 Describe the preparation of different tyre components2.5.7 Describe the tyre building operation2.5.8 Describe the tyre curing and post cure operations2.5.9 Describe the manufacture solid tyres and cycle tyres2.5.10 Describe the different steps in the manufacture of
automobile tubes and flaps2.5.11 Describe different steps involved in the tyre retreading
process2.5.12 Perform the retreading of tyres
2.6. Testing and Quality Control in Rubber Industry2.6.1 Perform various tests rubber latex such as - DRC, TSC, NH3
Content, Coagulum content, Sludge content, VFA, and MST2.6.2 Perform various tests related to raw rubber such as Dirt
Unit -1. 2 Properties of polymers1. Estimation of density of polymers2. Estimation of melting point of polymers3. Aging studies on Polymer samples with and without
antidegradants
Unit - 1.3 Polymer Materials1. Preparation of PMMA2. Preparation of Poly styrene3. Comparative study of NR&SBR4. Preparation of polymeric resins PFresin,UF,MFresins5. Identification of polymer samples such as Natural Rubber,
SBR, Polybutadiene Rubber, NBR, and CR and plastics suchas PE, PP, PVC, PS, and NYON through Visual inspection,response to heat, flame and elemental and chemical analysis
Unit -1. 4 Polymer additives1. Plastic compounding -preparation of pellets2. Mastication of NR-work practice3. Blending of NR&SBR
Page - 70
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Unit -1. 5 Polymer Processing1. Preparation of rubber compound2. Compression molding of rubber products such as paper
Unit -1. 6 Basic Engineering drawing1. Drawing standards2. Lettering numbering and dimensioning3. Projection of points4. Projection of lines5. Orthographic projection of objects6. Sectional views7. Isometric view
Module - 2
Unit - 2.1 Natural rubber1. Identification of tapping utensils2. Field trip to plantation & crop processing units3. Effect of surroundings & various chemicals on the stability
of latex.4. Preservation of latex5. Estimation of ammonia content of latex6. Latex creaming7. Estimation of DRC8. Estimation of TSC9. Preparation of RSS
Unit -2. 2 Rubber Compounding1. Preparation of rubber compounds for
1. Abrasion resistance2. Oil resistance3. Weather resistance4. Fire resistance
2. Preparation of NR, SBR, NBR, and EPDM compounds
Page - 71
VHSE Curriculum
Unit -2. 3 Manufacture of latex products1. Preparation of dispersions2. Preparation of emulsion3. Preparation of solutions4. Preparation of latex compound5. Manufacture of latex dipped products - gloves, finger cap,
balloon and rubber band6. Preparation of latex toys7. Preparation of latex foam
Unit -2. 4 - Manufacture of dry rubber products1. Production of compression moulded rubber products like
oil seals, paper weight, rubber bush, mat etc2. Production of rubber to metal bonded products3. Simulated experiment- defects in rubber molding& trouble
shooting
Unit - 2.5 - Manufacture of Tyres and Tubes1. Identification of tyres in various vehicles2. Retreading of tyres3. Field visit
Unit -2.6 Testing and quality control in rubber industry1. Estimation of coagulum content2. Estimation of sludge content3. Estimation of VFA4. Estimation of MST5. Estimation of Dirt content6. Estimation of P0 &PRI7. Estimation of ash content8. Estimation of volatile matter9. Estimation of money viscosity10. Estimation of cure characteristics11. Estimation of hardness12. Estimation of tensile properties13. Estimation of teat resistance14. Estimation of abrasion resistance15. Estimation of compression set16. Determination of flex resistance
Page - 72
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
17. Determination of rebound resilience
18. OJT
ON THE JOB TRAINING
On the job training which is an integral part of vocational education thattakes place in real job situations under the supervision of an expert inplant supervisor aiming at the development of proficiency and selfconfidence
The OJT program is of 4 weeks duration. It can be done in two spells of2 week each during the second module, and fourth module.
For the OJT of Polymer technology course Rubber, Plastics, and Fibrereinforced plastic industries can be chosen.
A list of industries is given below
Rubber1. Rubber Research Institute of India Puthuppally2. MIDAS Retreads3. Paragon4. MRF5. Rubco6. CFSC Changanacherry7. Vajra Rubber8. Rubber park, Irapuram
Plastics9. Centre for Bio polymer science and Technology, Kochi10. Family plastics11. Kavery plastics12. Plastoplast13. Nediyara extrusions14. Shakthiman super15. Hycount16. Megha water tanks etc.17. Fibre reinforced plastics18. Matha marines19. Wonderla20. Festel tanks
Page - 73
VHSE Curriculum
CERTIFICATION
Skill certificates will be issued to students after the completion of eachmodule1. Certificate in Basic Polymer Processing.2. Certificate in Rubber Processing3. Certificate in Plastics Processing4. Certificate in FRP (Fibre reinforced plastics) Processing
OVERVIEW OF MODULE - 1
Basic Polymer Processing
This module is designed to equip the learner with knowledge and skillsrequired start working in a polymer processing industry. The moduleconsists of basic polymer science, properties of polymers, different typesof polymeric materials, additives for plastics and rubbers andprocessing techniques for rubber and plastics.
After completing the module he /she will be able identify variousplastics/rubbers and other additives used in the polymer industry, willhave the knowledge of various processing techniques used in thepolymer industry and will be able to work on hand operated rubber andplastic processing machineries. He/she will be able to work as chemicalweigher, trainee operator, assistant to rubber mixing mill operator,assistant to injection molding operator etc
Module: 01 Basic Polymer ProcessingUnit No Name of unit Total Periods
1.1 Introductions to Polymers 15
1.2 Properties of polymers 40
1.3 Polymer Materials 120
1.4 Polymer Additives 50
1.5 Polymer Processing 85
1.6 Basic Engineering Drawing 30
TOTAL PERIODS 340
Page - 74
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Intro
duct
ion
to p
olym
ers
- D
efin
e -
Mon
omer
s, Po
lym
ers,
Func
tiona
lity
of
mon
omer
s, re
peat
ing
units
,Po
lym
erisa
tion,
A
dditi
on
and
cond
ensa
tion
Poly
mer
isatio
nSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng,
Com
mun
icat
ing,
•C
lass
ifica
tion
of p
olym
ers -
Nat
ural
,Sy
nthe
tic, o
rgan
ic, i
norg
anic
, hom
opo
lym
er,
copo
lym
er,
linea
r an
dbr
anch
ed p
olym
ers,
ther
mos
ets
and
ther
mop
lasti
cs,
Rub
bers
, Pl
astic
s,Fi
bres
and
Res
ins
etc,
Skill
sO
bser
ving
,Co
mm
unic
atin
gCl
assif
ying
•M
olec
ular
w
eigh
t of
po
lym
ers
-Co
ncep
t of
A
vera
ge
Mol
ecul
arw
eigh
t, D
egre
e of
Pol
ymer
isatio
n,M
olec
ular
W
eigh
t D
istrib
utio
n,Pr
actic
al
signi
fican
ce
of
poly
mer
mol
ecul
ar
wei
ght
and
mol
ecul
arw
eigh
t dist
ribut
ion
Skill
sO
bser
ving
,Co
mm
unic
atin
g,In
ferri
ng
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•Ex
plai
n m
onom
ers,
poly
mer
s,po
lym
erisa
tion,
f
unct
iona
lity
ofm
onom
ers,
addi
tion
and
cond
ensa
tion
poly
mer
s
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
• Id
entif
y po
lym
ers
base
d on
the
iror
igin
, m
onom
ers,
mol
ecul
arstr
uctu
re,
type
of
Poly
mer
isatio
n,re
spon
se to
hea
t and
app
licat
ion.
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
• R
ealis
e th
e co
ncep
t of
av
erag
em
olec
ular
w
eigh
t, de
gree
of
poly
mer
isatio
n and
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
tdi
strib
utio
n of
pol
ymer
s
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
with
mol
ecul
arm
odel
s an
d Po
lym
er
Prod
uct
sam
ples
Cha
rt
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
with
pol
ymer
sam
ples
Char
ting
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith P
PT,
Num
eric
al p
robl
ems
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nC
hart
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nC
hart
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nSo
lvin
g nu
mer
ical
pro
blem
s
Uni
t :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER S
CIEN
CE (
15 p
erio
ds)
Page - 75
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Cha
ract
erist
ics
of p
olym
ers
such
as
Low
Den
sity,
Low
coe
ffici
ent
offri
ctio
n, G
ood
corro
sion
resis
tanc
e,el
ectri
cal
insu
latio
n, s
urfa
ce f
inish
,pr
oces
sibili
ty,
Econ
omic
al,
Poor
tens
ile s
treng
th,
Poor
tem
pera
ture
resis
tanc
e,
Attr
activ
e co
lour
s an
dse
rvic
e life
. Com
paris
on w
ith m
etal
s,w
ood
etc
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Und
ersta
ndin
gCo
mpa
ring
•St
ruct
ure
and
prop
ertie
s of p
olym
ers
Effe
ct o
f Cha
in le
ngth
, Sid
e gr
oups
,B
ranc
hing
and
cro
sslin
king
on
the
phys
ical
pro
perti
es o
f pol
ymer
sSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngU
nder
stand
ing
Infe
rring
Com
parin
g•
Ther
mal
beha
viou
r of p
olym
ers G
lass
Tran
sitio
n Te
mpe
ratu
re T
g, F
acto
rsaf
fect
ing
Tg, M
eltin
g Po
int,
Mec
hani
cal p
rope
rties
of p
olym
ers -
stres
s, str
ain,
mod
ulus
, to
ughn
ess
Cre
ep a
nd S
tress
rel
axat
ion
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Und
ersta
ndin
gCo
mpa
ring
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
• Ex
plai
n th
e ch
arac
teris
tics
ofpo
lym
ers s
uch
as d
ensit
y, st
reng
th,
proc
essib
ility
, ser
vice
life
etc
.•
Com
pare
po
lym
ers
with
ot
her
mat
eria
ls su
ch a
s w
ood,
met
al e
tc.
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•Ex
plai
n th
e ef
fect
of C
hain
leng
th,
Side
gr
oups
, B
ranc
hing
an
dcr
ossli
nkin
g on
th
e ph
ysic
alpr
oper
ties o
f pol
ymer
s
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•R
ealis
e th
e th
erm
al b
ehav
iour
of
poly
mer
s su
ch a
s Tg
, Tm
, an
dfa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
them
•R
ealis
e th
e m
echa
nica
l pr
oper
ties
and l
ong t
erm
beha
viou
r of p
olym
ers.
•G
ener
al
disc
ussio
n on
th
epr
oper
ties o
f pol
ymer
sG
roup
disc
ussio
n
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
with
PPT
Brai
nsto
rmin
g - C
ompa
rativ
e stu
dyof
po
lym
ers
with
di
ffere
ntst
ruct
ures
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
on th
e th
erm
albe
havi
our o
f pol
ymer
s.La
b w
ork
Gro
up D
iscus
sion
usin
g th
e str
ess
strai
n gr
aphs
of d
iffer
ent p
olym
ers
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n,Pr
esen
tatio
n/ w
rite
up
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n,O
ral t
est
Writ
e up
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Writ
e up
s
Uni
t :
PRO
PERT
IES
OF
POLY
MER
S (
40 p
erio
ds)
Page - 76
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Plas
tics
Prod
uctio
n, P
rope
rties
, gr
ades
, an
dap
plic
atio
ns o
f The
rmop
lasti
cs s
uch
as
PE, P
P, P
S, P
VC,
PM
MA
and
PET
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Clas
sifyi
ngIn
ferri
ngEx
perim
entin
g•
Prod
uctio
n, P
rope
rties
, gr
ades
, an
dap
plic
atio
ns o
f the
rmos
et re
sins
like
Phen
ol
Form
alde
hyde
, M
elam
ine
form
alde
hyde
, U
rea
form
alde
hyde
resi
nsSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngCl
assif
ying
Infe
rring
Expe
rimen
ting
•R
ubbe
rs -
Prod
uctio
n, P
rope
rties
, gr
ades
, an
dap
plic
atio
ns
of
Gen
eral
pu
rpos
eru
bber
s suc
h as
NR
, SB
R, B
utad
iene
Rubb
er, E
PDM
and
Rec
laim
rubb
erSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngCl
assif
ying
Infe
rring
com
parin
g
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•Ex
plai
n th
e pr
oduc
tion
prop
ertie
san
d ap
plic
atio
ns o
f The
rmop
lasti
cssu
ch a
s P
E, P
P, P
S, P
VC,
PM
MA
and
PET
Cho
ose
suita
ble
ther
mop
lasti
cs f
orsp
ecifi
ed ap
plic
atio
ns
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•Ex
plai
n th
e pr
oduc
tion
prop
ertie
san
d ap
plic
atio
ns o
f th
erm
oset
resin
slik
e PF
, MF,
UF
resin
sSe
lect
sui
tabl
e th
erm
oset
pla
stics
for s
peci
fied
appl
icat
ions
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•Ex
plai
n th
e pr
oduc
tion,
pro
perti
esan
d ap
plic
atio
ns o
f Gen
eral
pur
pose
rubb
ers
such
as
N
R,
SBR
,Bu
tadi
ene
Rubb
er,
EPD
M
and
recl
aim
rubb
er
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
with
PPT
and
plas
tic s
ampl
es.
Labo
rato
ry w
ork
Prep
arat
ion
of c
hart
of p
lasti
cs a
ndth
eir a
pplic
atio
ns
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith
prod
uct
sam
ples
Lab
wor
kG
roup
disc
ussio
nC
hart
prep
arat
ion
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sions
with
PPT
and
rubb
er s
ampl
es.
Prep
arat
ion
of c
ompa
rison
cha
rt of
NR
& S
BR.
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nLa
b w
ork
Cha
rt
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nLa
b w
ork
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
Cha
rt
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nO
ral T
est,
Cha
rt
Uni
t :
POLY
MER
MA
TERI
ALS
(1
20 p
erio
ds)
Page - 77
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Spec
ial p
urpo
se s
ynth
etic
rubb
ers
Prod
uctio
n, pr
oper
ties ,
Com
poun
ding
and
appl
icat
ion
of ,
NB
R, C
R, I
IR,
CSM
, CM
,ACM
, Fl
ouro
ca
rbon
rubb
ers,
Silic
one
Rub
bers
, and
Pol
yur
etha
neSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngCl
assif
ying
Infe
rring
com
parin
g
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•Ex
plai
n th
e Pr
oduc
tion,
pro
perti
es,
Com
poun
ding
and
app
licat
ion
of,
spec
ial
purp
ose
synt
hetic
rub
bers
like
NBR
, CR
, IIR
, CS
M,
CM,
AC
M.
Flou
ro
carb
on
rubb
ers,
Silic
one R
ubbe
rs, a
nd P
oly
uret
hane
Sele
ct su
itabl
e rub
bers
for
spec
ified
appl
icat
ions
•G
roup
disc
ussio
n with
mat
eria
l dat
ash
eets
Com
pare
di
ffere
nt
synt
hetic
rubb
ers
usin
g m
ater
ial d
ata
shee
ts
•G
roup
disc
ussio
nQ
uiz
Uni
t :
POLY
MER
MA
TERI
ALS
(1
20 p
erio
ds)
Page - 78
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Add
itive
s for
Pla
stics
- A
ntio
xida
nts,
blow
ing
agen
ts, co
lour
ants,
coup
ling
agen
ts,
flam
e re
tard
ants,
he
atsta
bilis
ers,
impa
ct
mod
ifier
s,lu
bric
ants,
pla
stici
zers
, pre
serv
ativ
es,
uv s
tabi
liser
s, et
c.Sk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngIn
ferri
ngCo
mpa
ring
Sele
ctin
g•
Add
itive
s fo
r Rub
bers
Bas
ic c
once
pts
in ru
bber
pro
cess
ing
such
as
mas
ticat
ion,
vul
cani
satio
n,sc
orch
ing
mas
ter
batc
hing
, an
dbl
endi
ng.
Add
itive
s su
ch
asac
tivat
ors,
Co ac
tivat
or, A
ntio
xida
nts,
Ant
iozo
nant
s-sta
inin
g - n
on st
aini
ng,
fille
rs- r
einf
orci
ng -
non
rein
forc
ing,
proc
ess
aids
, vu
lcan
izin
g ag
ents
-su
lphu
r, no
n su
lphu
r, ac
cele
rato
rs-
diffe
rent
type
sSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngIn
ferri
ngCo
mpa
ring
Sele
ctin
gex
perim
entin
g
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•C
hoos
e su
itabl
e ad
ditiv
es
for
plas
tics f
or d
iffer
ent a
pplic
atio
ns
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•R
ealis
e the
bas
ic co
ncep
ts in
rubb
erpr
oces
sing
such
as
m
astic
atio
n,vu
lcan
isatio
n,
scor
chin
g,
mas
ter
batc
hing
, and
ble
ndin
g.•
Rea
lise
the
func
tion
of d
iffer
ent
ingr
edie
nts
used
in
ru
bber
com
poun
ding
,•
Prep
are s
ampl
e rub
ber f
orm
ulat
ions
•D
o m
astic
atio
n an
d bl
endi
ng o
fru
bber
s
•G
roup
di
scus
sion
on
plas
ticad
ditiv
es u
sing
pro
duct
dat
a she
ets
of a
dditi
ves
and
char
ts•
Prep
arat
ion
of p
lasti
c co
mpo
unds
•La
bora
tory
wor
k on
Mas
ticat
ion
and
blen
ding
•D
emon
strat
ion o
f rub
ber c
ompo
und
prep
arat
ion.
•G
roup
D
iscus
sion
on
rubb
erad
ditiv
es u
sing
data
she
ets
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nW
rite
ups
•La
b w
ork
Qui
zR
epor
t
Uni
t :
POLY
MER
AD
DIT
IVES
(5
0 pe
riod
s)
Page - 79
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Rub
ber
Proc
essin
gM
ixin
g - M
ixin
g Mill
s, In
tern
al M
ixer
sCo
mpr
essio
n m
oldi
ng,
Tran
sfer
Mol
ding
, Inj
ectio
n mol
ding
, Ext
rusio
n,C
alen
darin
g, A
utoc
lave
cur
ing
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Infe
rring
Com
parin
gD
emon
strat
ing
•Pl
astic
Pro
cess
ing-
Plas
tic co
mpo
und m
ixin
g, pr
epar
atio
nof
pel
lets
Inje
ctio
n mol
ding
Blow
Mol
ding
Com
pres
sion
Mol
ding
Rota
tiona
l Mol
ding
Extru
sion
Ther
mo
form
ing
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Infe
rring
Com
parin
gD
emon
strat
ing
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
•D
escr
ibe
the
wor
king
of
rubb
erm
ixin
g m
ills,
inte
rmix
, ban
bury
and
knea
ders
•D
emon
strat
e th
e m
ixin
g of
rub
ber
com
poun
ds in
a m
ixin
g m
ill.
•Ex
plai
n di
ffere
nt r
ubbe
r m
oldi
ngte
chni
ques
lik
e co
mpr
essio
nm
oldi
ng,
trans
fer
mol
ding
, an
din
ject
ion m
oldi
ng•
Dem
onstr
ate
the
com
pres
sion
mol
ding
of a
rubb
er p
rodu
ct•
Des
crib
e th
e r
ubbe
r pr
oces
sing
met
hods
su
ch
as
Extru
sion,
cale
ndar
ing,
and
auto
clav
evu
lcan
isatio
nTh
e le
arne
r will
be
able
to•
Des
crib
e th
e w
orki
ng
prin
cipl
e,fe
atur
es
and
com
pone
nts
ofm
achi
nes
used
in
plas
tic i
njec
tion
mol
ding
, blo
w m
oldi
ng, c
ompr
essio
nm
oldi
ng, ro
tatio
nal m
oldi
ng, e
xtru
sion
and
ther
mof
orm
ing
•D
emon
strat
e pl
astic
in
ject
ion
mol
ding
, and
com
pres
sion
mol
ding
in h
and/
sem
i aut
omat
ic m
achi
nes
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
Ass
ignm
ent
Lab
wor
kV
ideo
sho
w
•In
tera
ctiv
e lec
ture
with
PPT
, Vid
eosh
owFi
eld v
isit
Lab
wor
kG
roup
disc
ussio
n
•La
b re
cord
,O
ral t
est,
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
repo
rtPa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n
•La
b re
cord
,O
ral t
est,
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
repo
rtPa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nFi
eld
visit
repo
rt
Uni
t :
POLY
MER
PRO
CESS
ING
(8
5 pe
riod
s)
Page - 80
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
1 :
BASI
C PO
LYM
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Dra
win
g sta
ndar
dsSk
ills
Dra
win
g sk
ill•
Lette
ring
and
Num
berin
gSk
ills
Dra
win
g sk
ill•
Dim
ensio
ning
Skill
sD
raw
ing
skill
•Pr
ojec
tion
of P
oint
sSk
ills
Dra
win
g sk
ill•
Proj
ectio
n of
Lin
esSk
ills
Dra
win
g sk
ill•
Proj
ectio
n of
Pla
nes
Skill
sD
raw
ing
skill
•O
rthog
raph
ic P
roje
ctio
n of
Obj
ects
Skill
sD
raw
ing
skill
Ana
lytic
al sk
illIm
agin
ativ
e ski
ll•
Sect
iona
l vie
ws
Skill
sD
raw
ing
skill
Visu
alisa
tion S
kill
Ana
lytic
al sk
illIm
agin
ativ
e ski
ll•
Isom
etric
vie
ws
Skill
sO
bser
vatio
n sk
illCo
mpa
rison
skill
Ana
lytic
al sk
illIm
agin
ativ
e ski
ll
•U
se v
ario
us D
raw
ing
Stan
dard
s in
appr
opria
te si
tuat
ions
•U
se pr
oper
lette
ring a
nd N
umbe
ring
whi
le p
repa
ring
draw
ing
shee
ts
•U
se p
rope
r Dim
ensio
ning
met
hod
•U
se p
rope
r ang
le o
f P
roje
ctio
n to
proj
ect p
oint
s•
Use
pro
per a
ngle
of
Pro
ject
ion
topr
ojec
t lin
es
•U
se p
rope
r ang
le o
f P
roje
ctio
n to
proj
ect p
lane
s
•D
raw
ing
of
obje
cts
usin
gO
rthog
raph
ic P
roje
ctio
n m
etho
ds
•D
raw
ing
Sec
tiona
l V
iew
of
anob
ject
•D
raw
ing
Iso
met
ric v
iew
s of
an
obje
ct
•D
emon
strat
ion
Colle
ctin
gIn
form
atio
n•
Disc
ussio
n
•D
emon
strat
ion
Dem
onstr
atio
n
•D
emon
strat
ion
Dra
win
g pr
actic
e•
Dem
onstr
atio
nD
iagr
am p
repa
ratio
n
•D
emon
strat
ion
•D
emon
strat
ion
Dra
win
g pr
actic
e
•D
emon
strat
ion
Dra
win
g pr
actic
e
•D
emon
strat
ion
Dra
win
g pr
actic
e
•Pr
epar
atio
n of
not
e on
draw
ing
stand
ards
Act
ivity
log
Colle
ctin
g In
form
atio
nQ
uesti
onna
ire
•M
anua
lLe
tterin
g an
d nu
mbe
ring
usin
g va
rious
font
s -A
ctiv
ity lo
g•
Act
ivity
log
•A
ctiv
ity lo
g
•A
ctiv
ity lo
g
•A
ctiv
ity lo
gEv
alua
tion
of d
raw
ing
shee
ts (P
ortfo
lio w
ork)
Eval
uatio
n of
dra
win
gsh
eets
(Por
tfolio
wor
k)•
Eval
uatio
n of
dra
win
gsh
eets
(Por
tfolio
wor
k)
•Ev
alua
tion
of d
raw
ing
shee
ts (P
ortfo
lio w
ork)
Uni
t :
BASI
C EN
GIN
EERI
NG
DRA
WIN
G
(30
peri
ods)
Page - 81
VHSE Curriculum
OVERVIEW OF MODULE - 2
This module is designed to equip the learner with knowledge and skillsrequired start working in a Rubber processing industry. The moduleconsists of the production of natural rubber, rubber compounding,manufacture of latex products, manufacture of dry rubber products,manufacture of tyres and tubes, and testing and quality control in rubberindustry..
After completing the module he /she will be able identify variousrubbers, rubber additives and their functions. He/she will have theknowledge in the manufacture of various rubber products such as tyrestubes, conveyor belts, cables, hoses, rubber to metal bonded productsetc. He/she will be able to work on hand operated rubber and plasticprocessing machineries. He/she will be able to work rubber mixing mill,compression moulding and other rubber processing machines. He/ shewill be able to manufacture latex products such as gloves, rubber band,balloon etc.MODULE 2
RUBBER PROCESSINGPeriods: 340
Unit No. Name of units Periods
2.1 Natural Rubber 60
2.2 Rubber Compounding 40
2.3 Manufacture of Latex Products 80
2.4 Manufacture of Dry Rubber Products 80
2.5 Manufacture of Tyres and Tubes 50
2.6 Testing and Quality Control in 30Rubber Industries
TOTAL PERIODS 340
Page - 82
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Hist
ory
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f Nat
ural
Rubb
er.
Role
of
Colu
mbu
s, H
enry
Wic
khal
m,
Jose
ph
Prie
stly,
H
.N.
Ridl
ey, C
harle
s G
oody
ear,
Thom
asH
anco
ck
and
JJ
Mur
phy.
W
orld
Prod
uctio
n / C
onsu
mpt
ion
statis
tics,
Larg
e Pl
anta
tions
in
In
dia,
Geo
grap
hica
l di
strib
utio
n, C
limat
icre
quire
men
ts an
d ac
tiviti
es o
f Rub
ber
boar
dSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng,
com
mun
icat
ion
Rela
ting
Eval
uatin
g•
Har
vesti
ng
and
pres
erva
tion
ofN
atur
al
rubb
er
late
x -
Tapp
ing,
Tapp
abili
ty, ta
ppin
g sys
tem
s, Ta
ppin
gut
ensil
s, kn
ifes,
tapp
ing
task
, tap
ping
rest,
yi
eld
stim
ulan
ts an
d ra
ingu
ardi
ng. P
unct
ure t
appi
ng, s
laug
hter
tapp
ing,
Fie
ld cr
ops.
Com
posit
ion
of l
atex
, sp
onta
neou
sco
agul
atio
n. P
rese
rvat
ion
of l
atex
-am
mon
ia a
s a
pres
erva
tive,
mer
itsan
d de
mer
its o
f am
mon
ia.
LATZ
syst
emSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng, c
omm
unic
atio
n,Ex
perim
entin
g, In
ferri
ng
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
histo
ry
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f Nat
ural
Rub
ber
Iden
tify
the
impo
rtant
sou
rces
of
natu
ral r
ubbe
rR
elat
e th
e cl
imat
ic r
equi
rem
ents
and
geog
raph
ical
di
strib
utio
n of
rubb
er In
dia.
Disc
uss
the
impa
ct
of
Nat
ural
rubb
er o
n K
eral
a's
Econ
omy
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe d
iffer
ent t
appi
ng m
etho
ds,
Tapp
abili
ty,
tapp
ing
rest,
tap
ping
knife
s, ta
ppin
g sy
stem
s, di
rect
ions
etc
Disc
uss
the
prof
ile o
f a
rubb
erta
pper
in K
eral
a's s
ocie
tyId
entif
y th
e di
ffere
nt
form
s of
rubb
er c
rop
from
the
field
Expl
ain
the
com
posit
ion
and
spon
tane
ous
coag
ulat
ion
of la
tex.
Rea
lise t
he n
eed
for p
rese
rvat
ion
ofla
tex
Perfo
rm th
e pr
eser
vatio
n of
nat
ural
rubb
er l
atex
usin
g am
mon
ia a
ndLA
TZ s
yste
ms.
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
on th
e H
istor
yan
d de
velo
pmen
t of
N
atur
alR
ubbe
r.D
ata
colle
ctio
nA
ssig
nmen
t
•In
tera
ctiv
e lec
ture
with
PPT
, Vid
eoSh
owFi
eld
Visi
t to
a ru
bber
pla
ntat
ion
Lab
prac
tical
Lab
lect
ures
•O
ral T
est/
Ass
ignm
ent
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
Lab
reco
rd
Uni
t :
NA
TURA
L RU
BBER
(
60 p
erio
ds)
Page - 83
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Con
cent
ratio
n of
NR
Lat
ex N
eed
for
conc
entra
tion
of
late
x,
DR
C,
Diff
eren
t co
ncen
tratio
n m
etho
ds,
Cre
amin
g pr
oces
s - cr
eam
ing
agen
ts,th
eory
, fa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
the
effic
ienc
y of
cre
amin
gC
entri
fugi
ng, -
Pro
cess
- M
achi
nes -
skim
late
x an
d ce
nex,
com
paris
on o
fce
ntrif
ugin
g an
d cr
eam
ing
Skill
sO
bser
ving
, com
mun
icat
ion,
Expe
rimen
ting,
Infe
rring
•Pr
epar
atio
n of
R
ibbe
d Sm
oked
Shee
ts -
Var
ious
ste
ps,
dosa
ge o
fch
emic
als
and
acid
s, Sa
me
day
and
next
day
she
etin
g, d
ryin
g in
sm
oke
hous
es, G
radi
ngSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng,
com
mun
icat
ion,
Expe
rimen
ting,
Infe
rring
•M
anuf
actu
re o
f pal
e la
tex
crep
e an
des
tate
bro
wn
crep
e - p
roce
ssin
g an
dm
achi
nerie
sM
anuf
actu
re o
f TSR
- N
eed
for T
SR,
Com
paris
on
of
TSR
and
shee
tru
bber
. D
iffer
ent
grad
es
and
tech
nica
l sp
ecifi
catio
ns.
Man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
s -
equi
pmen
tan
d te
sting
.Sk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng, c
omm
unic
atio
n,Ex
perim
entin
g, In
ferri
ng
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
diffe
rent
la
tex
conc
entra
tion
tech
niqu
es a
nd t
hene
ed fo
r con
cent
ratio
n of
late
xPr
epar
e co
ncen
trate
d la
tex
bycr
eam
ing
Com
pare
crea
min
g an
d ce
ntrif
ugin
gm
etho
ds
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
prep
arat
ion
of R
ibbe
dSm
oked
She
ets a
nd it
s gra
ding
Prep
are
Ribb
ed S
mok
ed S
heet
s
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
man
ufac
ture
of
diffe
rent
gra
des
of C
repe
Rub
ber.
Des
crib
e th
e m
anuf
actu
re
and
testi
ng
of
diffe
rent
gr
ades
of
Tech
nica
lly S
peci
fied
rubb
erCo
mpa
re
Shee
t ru
bber
an
dTe
chni
cally
spec
ified
rubb
er
•In
tera
ctiv
e D
iscus
sion
with
PPT
,V
ideo
Sho
wFi
eld
Visi
tLa
b pr
actic
al
•In
tera
ctiv
e D
iscus
sion,
Vid
eo S
how
Fiel
d V
isit
Lab
Prac
tical
•In
tera
ctiv
e D
iscus
sion,
Vid
eo S
how
Fiel
d V
isit
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
Lab
reco
rd
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
Uni
t :
NA
TURA
L RU
BBER
(
60 p
erio
ds)
Page - 84
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Rub
ber
com
poun
ding
- D
efin
ition
-O
bjec
tives
, Sul
phur
vul
cani
satio
n -
Diff
eren
t sy
stem
s. N
on
sulp
hur
vulc
anisa
tion
syste
ms
Skill
s
•O
bser
ving
, com
mun
icat
ion,
Infe
rring
Vul
cani
sing
agen
ts, a
ccel
erat
ors
-di
ffere
nt
clas
ses
- A
min
es,
Gua
nidi
nes,
Thia
zole
s,Su
lphe
nam
ides
, Th
iura
ms,
Dith
ioca
rbam
ates
, an
d xa
ntha
tes,
Prim
ary
and
seco
ndar
y ac
cele
rato
rs.
Act
ivat
ors,
Co
activ
ator
s, A
nti
oxid
ants/
ozo
nant
s -
SP,
Hin
dere
dph
enol
s, TM
Q, P
BN, 6
PPD
, IPP
D,
Fille
rs -
Rei
nfor
cing
fille
rs -
Car
bon
blac
ks a
nd s
ilica
Non
rei
nfor
cing
fille
rs
- C
hina
cl
ay,
Cal
cium
carb
onat
e,
Whi
ting,
A
lum
iniu
msil
icat
e, b
aryt
es et
c. E
ffect
of p
artic
lesiz
e on
rei
nfor
cem
ent.
Proc
ess
oils-
arom
atic
, na
phth
enic
, pa
raffi
nic,
Plas
ticiz
ers
-DO
P,
DBP
, CP
W,
Fact
ice
Spec
ial
purp
ose
addi
tives
-B
low
ing
agen
ts,
fire
reta
rdan
ts,re
tard
ers
etc.
Skill
sO
bser
ving
, Cla
ssify
ing,
com
mun
icat
ion,
Infe
rring
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toEx
plai
n th
e pr
inci
ples
of
rubb
erco
mpo
undi
ng a
nd it
s im
porta
nce
inru
bber
man
ufac
turin
g.D
escr
ibe
diffe
rent
vu
lcan
isatio
nsy
stem
s and
its s
peci
fic ap
plic
atio
ns•
The
lear
ner w
ill b
e ab
le to
Diff
eren
tiate
be
twee
n va
rious
Vul
cani
sing
agen
ts an
d ex
plai
n th
eir
spec
ific
func
tion
and
impo
rtanc
eId
entif
y di
ffere
nt
com
poun
ding
ingr
edie
nts a
nd li
st th
eir f
unct
ions
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith P
PT,
Sem
inar
on
co
mpo
undi
ngin
gred
ient
sG
roup
disc
ussio
nC
hart
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith P
PT,
Dem
onstr
atio
n in
lab
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
•C
hart
Sem
inar
Parti
cipa
tion
Parti
cipa
tion
in d
iscus
sion
Cha
rtW
rite
ups
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
lect
ure
Writ
e up
of d
emon
strat
ion
in la
bR
epor
t of g
roup
disc
ussio
n
Uni
t :
RUBB
ER C
OM
POU
ND
ING
(
40 p
erio
ds)
Page - 85
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Des
ign
of r
ubbe
r co
mpo
unds
with
vario
us
hard
ness
us
ing
NR
an
ddi
ffere
nt d
osag
es o
f diff
eren
t fill
ers,
Des
ign
of N
R c
ompo
und
for -
goo
dm
echa
nica
l pr
oper
ties,
good
he
atre
sista
nce,
goo
d ab
rasio
n re
sista
nce,
Oil
resis
tant
com
poun
d fo
r oil
seal
s,W
eath
er r
esist
ant
com
poun
d us
ing
EPD
M,
Chem
ical
Re
sista
ntCo
mpo
und
usin
g IIR
, IIR
Com
poun
dfo
r A
utom
obile
tub
es, f
ire r
esist
ant
com
poun
d,
extru
sion
com
poun
dsus
ing
NR
and
EPD
M,
Des
ign
ofFK
M a
nd S
ilico
ne c
ompo
unds
Skill
sO
bser
ving
, com
mun
icat
ion,
Expe
rimen
ting,
Des
igni
ng
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
esig
n ru
bber
co
mpo
und
for
spec
ific
appl
icat
ions
.D
emon
strat
e ru
bber
com
poun
ding
.
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith
PPT,
Stud
ent l
earn
ing
Res
ourc
e B
ook,
Vid
eo S
how
Fiel
d V
isitU
nit
: RU
BBER
CO
MPO
UN
DIN
G
(40
per
iods
)
Page - 86
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Late
x co
mpo
undi
ng p
rinci
ples
.Pr
epar
atio
n of s
olut
ion,
disp
ersio
n and
emul
sions
, Bal
l mill
s and
attri
tor m
ills,
Fact
ors
affe
ctin
g th
e ef
ficie
ncy
ofba
ll m
ill. L
atex
com
poun
ding
, Wet
wei
ght a
nd d
ry w
eigh
t.Sk
illO
bser
ving
Com
mun
icat
ing
Inte
rpre
ting
•M
anuf
actu
re o
f di
pped
goo
ds l
ike
Glo
ves -
surg
eons
, exa
min
atio
n, ho
use
hold
and
ele
ctric
ians
glo
ves,
Rub
ber
band
, Bal
loon
s and
Fin
ger c
aps
Skill
Obs
ervi
ngCo
mm
unic
atin
gM
anuf
actu
ring
•M
anuf
actu
re
Late
x th
read
, la
tex
casti
ng, L
atex
foam
- Dun
lop P
roce
ss,
Thal
alay
pro
cess
, Lat
ex ce
men
ts an
dad
hesi
ves.
Skill
Obs
ervi
ngCo
mm
unic
atin
gM
anuf
actu
ring
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toEx
plai
n th
e ba
sic c
once
pts
of la
tex
com
poun
ding
.Pr
epar
e disp
ersio
ns, e
mul
sions
, and
solu
tions
for l
atex
com
poun
ding
Dem
onstr
ate t
he w
orki
ng of
ball
mill
Des
ign
and
Prep
are
simpl
e la
tex
com
poun
ds
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toPr
oduc
e la
tex
prod
ucts
such
as
glov
es,
ballo
ons,
finge
r ca
ps,
and
rubb
er b
ands
usin
g di
ppin
g pr
oces
s
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toPr
oduc
e la
tex
toys
by
casti
ngEx
plai
n th
e pr
oduc
tion
of l
atex
thre
ads
by e
xtru
sion
Des
crib
e th
e pr
oduc
tion
of l
atex
foam
Expl
ain
the
prod
uctio
n of
lat
exce
men
ts an
d ad
hesiv
es
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith P
PT,
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
Prep
arat
ion
of c
harts
Dem
onstr
atio
nPr
actic
al w
ork
Dem
onstr
atio
nPr
actic
e
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eD
emon
strat
ion
Lab
wor
k
•V
ideo
sho
wFi
eld v
isit
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nC
hart
Prep
arat
ion
Lab
wor
kPa
rtici
patio
n
•O
ral
asse
ssm
ent
reco
rds/l
ab w
ork
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtO
ral
asse
ssm
ent
Uni
t :
MA
NU
FACT
URE
OF
LATE
X PR
OD
UCT
S
(80
peri
ods)
Page - 87
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Man
ufac
ture
of
diffe
rent
kin
ds o
fru
bber
mou
lded
goo
ds s
uch
as O
-rin
gs,
Oil
seal
s, Er
aser
s, Ex
pand
edru
bber
she
ets
etc
Skill
sM
anuf
actu
ring
Obs
ervi
ng•
Con
veye
r be
lt -
appl
icat
ions
-D
iffer
ent
struc
ture
s an
dre
info
rcem
ents.
M
anuf
actu
reV
ulca
nisa
tion
- ste
p cu
re
and
Rot
ocur
e.V
bel
ts -
App
licat
ions
- A
dvan
tage
sD
iffer
ent t
ypes
- C
ompo
nent
s of
Vbe
lt,
Man
ufac
turin
g m
etho
d,V
ulca
nisa
tion
Skill
sM
anuf
actu
ring
,O
bser
ving
com
mun
icat
ing
•M
anuf
actu
re
of
Gar
den
hose
s,A
utom
obile
hos
es -
Rad
iato
r hos
es -
com
pone
nts
- tu
be,
rein
forc
emen
tsan
d co
ver,
Man
ufac
turin
g m
etho
ds -
curin
g - le
ad cu
tting
, aut
ocla
ve cu
ring,
Brai
ded
hose
Cab
les
- M
anuf
actu
ring
proc
ess
-C
ross
he
ad
dual
ex
trusio
n -
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
ca
bles
, ste
amvu
lcan
isatio
nSk
ills
Man
ufac
turin
gO
bser
ving
com
mun
icat
ing
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe t
he m
anuf
actu
re o
f rub
ber
mou
lded
goo
ds su
ch as
O-ri
ngs,
Oil
seal
s, ex
pand
ed r
ubbe
r sh
eets,
etc
Prod
uce
rubb
er m
ould
ed g
oods
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe t
he m
anuf
actu
re o
f rub
ber
conv
eyor
bel
ts an
d V
bel
ts
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe t
he m
anuf
actu
re o
f rub
ber
hose
s an
d ca
bles
•D
emon
strat
ion
Fiel
d visi
tLa
b w
ork
Vid
eo S
how
•D
emon
strat
ion
Fiel
d visi
tLa
b w
ork
Vid
eo S
how
•D
emon
strat
ion
Fiel
d visi
tLa
b w
ork
Vid
eo S
how
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtCo
llect
ion
of sp
ecim
enLa
b w
ork
•La
b w
ork
Rep
ort o
n vi
deo
show
Lect
ure
note
•R
epor
t on
vide
o sh
owLe
ctur
e no
te
Uni
t : M
AN
UFA
CTU
RE O
F D
RY R
UBB
ER P
ROD
UCT
S
(80
peri
ods)
Page - 88
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Rub
ber
to m
etal
bon
ding
- E
boni
tebo
ndin
g, b
rass
bon
ding
, A
dhes
ive
bond
ing,
Su
rface
pr
epar
atio
n,M
anuf
actu
re
of
Rubb
er
cove
red
Rolls
, Rub
ber l
inin
g of c
hem
ical
tank
s,R
ubbe
r to
met
al b
onde
d au
tom
obile
com
pone
nts
- Sh
ock
abso
rber
bush
es, e
ngin
e m
ount
ings
etc
Skill
sM
anuf
actu
ring
Obs
ervi
ngco
mm
unic
atin
g•
Com
mon
def
ects
and
rem
edie
s in
the
man
ufac
ture
of
Rub
ber
Prod
ucts
Shrin
kage
, Und
ercu
re, S
pong
ing
and
poro
sity,
Ove
r cur
e, A
ir tra
ppin
g, po
orkn
ittin
g or f
low
crac
ks, b
ack g
rindi
ng,
tear
ing
on
rem
oval
fro
m
cavi
ty,
bloo
m,
Exce
ss
flash
, D
istor
tion,
stick
ing
in ca
vity
, poo
r reg
istra
tion
ofm
ould
mar
ksSk
ills
Trou
bles
hoot
ing
Obs
ervi
ngco
mm
unic
atin
g
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
rubb
er
to
met
albo
ndin
g pr
oces
ses
Expl
ain
the
man
ufac
ture
of r
ubbe
rco
vere
d ro
lls a
nd r
ubbe
r lin
ing
ofch
emic
al ta
nks
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
com
mon
def
ects
and
rem
edie
s in
the
man
ufac
ture
of
rubb
er p
rodu
cts
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e.G
roup
disc
ussio
n
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e de
taili
ng
the
com
mon
def
ects
and
rem
edie
s fo
rru
bber
pro
duct
sFi
eld v
isit
Cha
rt pr
epar
atio
n
•G
roup
disc
ussio
nC
hart
Gro
up d
iscus
sion
repo
rtLe
ctur
e no
teC
hart
•R
epor
t on
lect
ure
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
Cha
rt
Uni
t : M
AN
UFA
CTU
RE O
F D
RY R
UBB
ER P
ROD
UCT
S
(80
peri
ods)
Page - 89
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Dev
elop
men
t of p
neum
atic
tyre
s and
its fu
nctio
nsSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngIn
terp
retin
g•
Com
pone
nts
of
Tyre
s an
d its
func
tions
- T
read
, Si
dew
all,
Bea
d,be
ad ap
ex, b
ead
flipp
er, c
arca
ss p
lies,
brea
ker p
lies,
belt
plie
s, ch
afer
strip
s,in
ner l
iner
etc
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Inte
rpre
ting
clas
sifyi
ng•
Tyre
con
struc
tions
, Tr
ead
patte
rns,
and T
yre M
arki
ngs
- Bia
s tyr
e, R
adia
lty
re, b
ias
belte
d ty
res
Lug
Des
ign,
Sem
i lug
des
ign,
and
Rib
des
igns
Mar
king
s on
a
tyre
an
d its
inte
rpre
tatio
nsSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngCo
mpa
ring
Inte
rpre
ting
•Pr
epar
atio
n of
di
ffere
nt
tyre
com
pone
nts
and
thei
r ass
embl
ing
inty
re b
uild
ing
mac
hine
to co
mpl
ete t
hegr
een
tyre
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Com
parin
gm
anuf
actu
ring
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
pneu
mat
ic ty
re a
nd it
sfu
nctio
ns
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
com
pone
nts
of a
tyre
and
its fu
nctio
ns
•Co
mpa
re
diffe
rent
ty
reco
nstru
ctio
nsdi
sting
uish
diff
eren
t tre
ad d
esig
nsId
entif
y th
e m
arki
ngs o
n a
tyre
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toEx
plai
n th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
diff
eren
tty
re c
ompo
nent
sD
escr
ibe t
he ty
re b
uild
ing
oper
atio
n
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Cha
rt
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Cut
tyre
ana
lysis
Cha
rtG
roup
disc
ussio
n
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
dem
onstr
atio
n
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Vid
eo s
how
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtPa
rtici
patio
n in
lect
ure
char
t
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtPa
rtici
patio
n in
lect
ure
char
t
•G
roup
disc
ussio
nIn
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtIn
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
Uni
t : M
AN
UFA
CTU
RE O
F TY
RES
AN
D T
UBE
S
(50
peri
ods)
Page - 90
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Tyre
cur
ing
and
post
cure
ope
ratio
nsSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngCo
mpa
ring
man
ufac
turin
g•
Man
ufac
ture
of
cy
cle
tyre
s -
mon
oban
d bui
ldin
gM
anuf
actu
re o
f sol
id ty
res
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Com
parin
gm
anuf
actu
ring
•A
utom
obile
Tub
es &
fla
ps S
uita
ble
form
ulat
ions
for a
utom
obile
tube
s and
flaps
Com
poun
d pr
epar
atio
n,
extru
sion,
cutti
ng to
leng
ths,
valv
e hol
ing,
val
vefix
ing,
splic
ing,
mol
ding
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Com
parin
gm
anuf
actu
ring
•Ty
re R
etre
adin
g -D
efin
ition
, nee
d for
retre
adin
g, a
dvan
tage
s of
retre
adin
gD
iffer
ent
met
hods
of
retre
adin
g -
Conv
entio
nal o
r hot
pro
cess
, - co
ld o
rpr
e cu
red
proc
ess
Ret
read
ing
proc
ess
- in
spec
tion,
buffi
ng, c
lean
ing,
solv
ent a
pplic
atio
n,cu
shio
n gu
m
appl
icat
ion
tread
appl
icat
ion,
vu
lcan
isatio
n an
din
spec
tion
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Com
parin
gm
anuf
actu
ring
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
tyre
cur
ing
and
post
cure
ope
ratio
ns
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
man
ufac
ture
so
lidty
res
and
cycl
e ty
res
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
diffe
rent
ste
ps in
the
man
ufac
ture
of
auto
mob
ile t
ubes
and
flaps
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe d
iffer
ent s
teps
invo
lved
inth
e ty
re r
etre
adin
g pr
oces
s.Pe
rform
the
retre
adin
g of
ty
res
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Vid
eo s
how
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Vid
eo s
how
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Vid
eo s
how
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eFi
eld v
isit
Vid
eo s
how
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtIn
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtIn
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtIn
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
•Fi
eld
visit
repo
rtIn
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
eC
hart
Uni
t : M
AN
UFA
CTU
RE O
F TY
RES
AN
D T
UBE
S
(50
peri
ods)
Page - 91
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Late
x te
sting
-
DR
C,
TSC
, N
H3
Con
tent
, Coa
gulu
m c
onte
nt, S
ludg
eco
nten
t, V
FA, M
ST,
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Ana
lytic
alEx
perim
enta
l•
Dry
Rub
ber T
estin
g - D
irt co
nten
t, P0
-PR
I, A
sh c
onte
nt, V
olat
ile m
atte
r,M
oone
y vi
scos
itySk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngA
naly
tical
Expe
rimen
tal
•R
ubbe
r com
poun
d te
sting
-Den
sity
-Zi
nc
chlo
ride
met
hod,
M
oone
yvi
scos
ity, C
ure
char
acte
ristic
s us
ing
rheo
met
er.
Skill
sO
bser
ving
Ana
lytic
alEx
perim
enta
l•
Test
on
rubb
er
vulc
anisa
tes
Har
dnes
s, Te
nsile
stre
ngth
, Mod
ulus
,el
onga
tion
at b
reak
, tea
r re
sista
nce,
abra
sion
resis
tanc
e, C
ompr
essio
n se
t,Fl
ex re
sista
nce
- cra
ck in
itiat
ion
and
crac
k gr
owth
res
istan
ce,
Reb
ound
resil
ienc
e,Sk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngA
naly
tical
Expe
rimen
tal
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toPe
rform
var
ious
tests
rub
ber
late
xsu
ch as
- D
RC
, TSC
, NH
3 C
onte
nt,
Coa
gulu
m c
onte
nt, S
ludg
e co
nten
t,V
FA, a
nd M
ST
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toPe
rform
var
ious
tests
rela
ted
to ra
wru
bber
su
ch a
s D
irt c
onte
nt, P
0 -
PRI,
Ash
con
tent
, Vol
atile
mat
ter,
Moo
ney
visc
osity
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toPe
rform
var
ious
tes
ts on
rub
ber
com
poun
ds - D
ensit
y - Z
inc c
hlor
ide
met
hod,
Moo
ney
visc
osity
, C
ure
char
acte
ristic
s us
ing
rheo
met
er.
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toPe
rform
H
ardn
ess,
Tens
ilepr
oper
ties,
tear
resis
tanc
e, ab
rasio
nre
sista
nce,
Com
pres
sion
set,
Flex
resis
tanc
e, R
ebou
nd re
silie
nce,
•D
emon
strat
ion
in th
e la
bPr
actic
al w
ork
Fiel
d visi
t
•D
emon
strat
ion
in th
e la
bPr
actic
al w
ork
Fiel
d visi
t
•D
emon
strat
ion
in th
e la
bPr
actic
al w
ork
Fiel
d visi
t
•D
emon
strat
ion
in th
e la
bPr
actic
al w
ork
Fiel
d visi
t
•La
b w
ork
Viv
a
•La
b w
ork
Viv
a
•La
b w
ork
Viv
a
•La
b w
ork
Viv
a
Uni
t :
TEST
ING
AN
D Q
UA
LITY
CO
NTR
OL
IN R
UBB
ER IN
DU
STRY
(
30 p
erio
ds)
Page - 92
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Mod
ule
2 :
RUBB
ER P
ROCE
SSIN
G
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Bas
ic
conc
epts
of
Qua
lity
man
agem
ent
syste
ms
like
Stan
dard
oper
atin
g Pr
oced
ures
, G
ood
man
ufac
turin
g pr
actic
es, 5
S, K
aize
n,IS
O90
00, Q
S900
0, T
S169
49, T
PM,
TQM
and
ISO
140
00Sk
ills
Obs
ervi
ngA
naly
tical
Expe
rimen
tal
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
adva
ntag
es
offo
llow
ing g
ood q
ualit
y man
agem
ent
syste
ms
like
5S, K
aize
n, IS
O90
00,
QS9
000,
TS1
6949
, TPM
, TQ
M an
dIS
O 1
4000
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e w
ith P
PT,
writ
ing
SOP,
Cas
e stu
dies
, Ass
ignm
ent
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nW
rite
ups
Uni
t :
TEST
ING
AN
D Q
UA
LITY
CO
NTR
OL
IN R
UBB
ER IN
DU
STRY
(
30 p
erio
ds)
Page - 93
VHSE Curriculum
DETAILED UNIT ANALYSIS
Module I BASIC POLYMER PROCESSING
Unit 1.1 Basic polymer science
The first unit deals with the basics of polymer science like what arepolymers, how they are formed, characteristics of polymers and theirapplications. The study of basic polymer science gives the students agood foundation to learn the polymer processing in the comingmodules.
Suggested strategy1. Interactive lecture with, molecular models, and polymer product
samples.
The teacher initiates a discussion in the class on the topic "polymers andpolymerisation" by showing some polymer product samples. Thestudents are encouraged to participate in the discussion.
The teacher can use the following points to ensure students participation1. Ask the students to name the polymers they know.2. How the polymers are formed3. Monomers and their functionality4. Degree of polymerisation5. Addition and condensation polymerisation
Students prepare a chart of commonly polymers, their monomers andapplication.
Assessment
Participation in discussions
Chart (portfolio)1.1.2 Classify polymers based on their origin, chemical structure,
monomers, application, Polymerisation, and response to heat.
Suggested Strategy
The teacher starts a general discussion in the class on the on theClassification of polymers. The teacher asks the students to prepare alist of different polymers. The students group the polymers intodifferent groups and present it as a chart.
The teacher can use the following points to ensure students participation1. Classification based on origin - natural and synthetic polymers2. Organic and Inorganic polymers3. Homopolymers and copolymers4. Linear and branched polymers5. Thermoplastic and thermoset polymers6. Rubbers, plastics and fibres
Teacher consolidates the classification of polymers
Page - 95
VHSE Curriculum
Assessment
Participation in discussion
Chart1.1.3 Describe the concept of average molecular weight, degree of
Polymerisation and molecular weight distribution
Suggested Strategy
Initiate a discussion in the class with power point presentation onmolecular weight, degree of polymerization and molecular weightdistribution of polymers.
The teacher can use the following points to ensure students participation1. Comparison of molecular weight of NaCl and Polyethylene2. Solving numerical problems related to molecular weight3. Molecular weight distribution4. Significance of Molecular weight and its distribution.
Assessment
Participation in discussions
Solving numerical problems
Repository of CE possibilities
Process Portfolio Unit Based Evaluation
Discussion related to Chart Oral Assessmentpolymers and polymerisation
Discussion related to Chart Performance assessmentclassification of polymers
Discussion related to Problemsmolecular weight of polymers
Sample question1) "Most materials softens on heating where as some polymers
becomes hard when heated" Which of the following polymerbecomes hard on heating?a) PE, b) PP, c) PF Resin d) PS
2) Calculate the molecular weight of a Polyethylene polymer with adegree of polymerization 10000 given the molecular weight ofPE monomer is 28?
Page - 96
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
3) Some statements about polymers are given below. Identify thefollowing statements as true or falsea) All polymers are produced polymerisation of monomersb) To undergo polymerisation a monomer should have a
functionality of at least two.c) Polymers have a specific molecular weight.
Module 2 RUBBER PROCESSING
Unit 1.1 Natural Rubber
Natural rubber is one of the major agricultural produce of Kerala.Natural rubber is obtained from a tree called Hevea Braziliensis bytapping. Originally a native of Brazil and is brought to India by theBritish. Today India ranks fourth in the production of Natural rubber inthe world. Natural rubber cultivation and production is one of the topjob creating activities in Kerala. This unit deals with production andprocessing of natural rubber into different marketable forms like, RSS,crepe rubber, centrifuged latex and technically specified rubber.
Page - 97
VHSE Curriculum
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Hist
ory
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f Nat
ural
Rubb
er. R
ole
of C
olum
bus,
Hen
ryW
ickh
alm
, Jos
eph
Prie
stly,
H.N
.Ri
dley
, Cha
rles G
oody
ear,
Thom
asH
anco
ck a
nd J
J M
urph
y. W
orld
Prod
uctio
n / C
onsu
mpt
ion
statis
tics,
Larg
e Pl
anta
tions
in In
dia,
Geo
grap
hica
l dist
ribut
ion,
Clim
atic
requ
irem
ents
and
activ
ities
of
Rubb
er b
oard
Skill
sO
bser
ving
,co
mm
unic
atio
nRe
latin
gEv
alua
ting
•H
arve
sting
and
pre
serv
atio
n of
Nat
ural
rubb
er la
tex
- Ta
ppin
g,Ta
ppab
ility
, tap
ping
syste
ms,
Tapp
ing
uten
sils,
knife
s, ta
ppin
gta
sk, t
appi
ng re
st, y
ield
stim
ulan
tsan
d ra
in g
uard
ing.
Pun
ctur
eta
ppin
g, sl
augh
ter t
appi
ng, F
ield
crop
s.C
ompo
sitio
n of
late
x, sp
onta
neou
sco
agul
atio
n. P
rese
rvat
ion
of la
tex-
amm
onia
as
a pr
eser
vativ
e, m
erits
and
dem
erits
of a
mm
onia
. LA
TZsy
stem
Skill
sO
bser
ving
, com
mun
icat
ion,
Expe
rimen
ting,
Infe
rring
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
histo
ry a
ndde
velo
pmen
t of N
atur
al R
ubbe
rId
entif
y th
e im
porta
nt s
ourc
es o
fna
tura
l rub
ber
Rel
ate
the
clim
atic
requ
irem
ents
and
geog
raph
ical
dist
ribut
ion
ofru
bber
Indi
a.D
iscus
s th
e im
pact
of N
atur
alru
bber
on
Ker
ala's
Ec
onom
y
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
diffe
rent
tapp
ing
met
hods
, Tap
pabi
lity,
tapp
ing
rest,
tapp
ing
knife
s, ta
ppin
g sy
stem
s,di
rect
ions
etc
Disc
uss
the
prof
ile o
f a ru
bber
tapp
er in
Ker
ala's
soc
iety
Iden
tify
the
diffe
rent
form
s of
rubb
er c
rop
from
the
field
Expl
ain
the c
ompo
sitio
n an
dsp
onta
neou
s co
agul
atio
n of
late
x.R
ealis
e th
e ne
ed fo
r pre
serv
atio
nof
late
xPe
rform
the
pres
erva
tion
ofna
tura
l rub
ber l
atex
usin
gam
mon
ia a
nd L
ATZ
sys
tem
s.
•G
ener
al d
iscus
sion
on th
e H
istor
yan
d de
velo
pmen
t of
N
atur
alR
ubbe
r.D
ata
colle
ctio
nA
ssig
nmen
t
•In
tera
ctiv
e le
ctur
e V
ideo
Sho
wFi
eld
Visi
t to
a ru
bber
pla
ntat
ion
Lab
prac
tical
Lab
lect
ures
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nD
ata
colle
ctio
nA
ssig
nmen
t
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
Lab
reco
rd
Uni
t :
Nat
ural
Rub
ber
Page - 98
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t•
Conc
entra
tion
of N
R La
tex
Nee
dfo
r con
cent
ratio
n of
late
x, D
RC
,D
iffer
ent c
once
ntra
tion
met
hods
,Cr
eam
ing
proc
ess
- cr
eam
ing
agen
ts, th
eory
, fac
tors
affe
ctin
g th
eef
ficie
ncy
of c
ream
ing
Cen
trifu
ging
, - P
roce
ss -
Mac
hine
s- s
kim
late
x an
d ce
nex,
com
paris
onof
cen
trifu
ging
and
cre
amin
gSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng, c
omm
unic
atio
n,Ex
perim
entin
g, In
ferri
ng•
Prep
arat
ion
of R
ibbe
d Sm
oked
Shee
ts - V
ario
us s
teps
, dos
age
ofch
emic
als
and
acid
s, Sa
me
day
and
next
day
shee
ting,
dry
ing
in sm
oke
hous
es, G
radi
ngSk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng, c
omm
unic
atio
n,Ex
perim
entin
g, In
ferri
ng•
Man
ufac
ture
of
pale
late
x cr
epe
and
esta
te b
row
n cr
epe
-pr
oces
sing
and
mac
hine
ries
Man
ufac
ture
of
TSR
- N
eed
for
TSR,
Com
paris
on o
f TSR
and
shee
t rub
ber.
Diff
eren
t gra
des
and
tech
nica
l spe
cific
atio
ns.
Man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
s - e
quip
men
tan
d te
sting
.Sk
ills
Obs
ervi
ng, c
omm
unic
atio
n,Ex
perim
entin
g, In
ferri
ng
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
diffe
rent
late
xco
ncen
tratio
n te
chni
ques
and
the
need
for c
once
ntra
tion
of la
tex
Prep
are
conc
entra
ted
late
x by
crea
min
gCo
mpa
re c
ream
ing
and
cent
rifug
ing
met
hods
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
prep
arat
ion
ofR
ibbe
d Sm
oked
She
ets
and
itsgr
adin
gPr
epar
e Ri
bbed
Sm
oked
She
ets
•Th
e le
arne
r will
be
able
toD
escr
ibe
the
man
ufac
ture
of
diffe
rent
gra
des
of C
repe
Rub
ber.
Des
crib
e th
e m
anuf
actu
re a
ndte
sting
of d
iffer
ent g
rade
s of
Tech
nica
lly S
peci
fied
rubb
erCo
mpa
re S
heet
rub
ber
and
Tech
nica
lly sp
ecifi
ed ru
bber
•In
tera
ctiv
e D
iscus
sion
with
PPT
,V
ideo
Sho
wFi
eld
Visi
tLa
b pr
actic
al
•In
tera
ctiv
e D
iscus
sion,
Vid
eo S
how
Fiel
d V
isit
Lab
Prac
tical
•In
tera
ctiv
e D
iscus
sion,
Vid
eo S
how
Fiel
d V
isit
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
Lab
reco
rd
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
disc
ussio
nO
ral t
est
Fiel
d vi
sit re
port
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
Ora
l tes
tFi
eld
visit
repo
rt
Uni
t :
Nat
ural
Rub
ber
Page - 99
VHSE Curriculum
Detailiing of Activites
UNIT - 2.1
Concept - History and development of Natural Rubber
Suggested strategy1. General discussion with the help of power point presentation
Teacher shows a PowerPoint presentation containing world map,photographs of Columbus, Henry Wickhalm, etc. and discusses thehistory and development of natural rubber
The teacher can use the following points to ensure students participation1. Where the rubber originated?, How it came to India?2. How the Rubber got the name Rubber3. Important discoveries in the history of Rubber like
mastication, vulcanisation, Tapping etc4. Sources of natural rubber
2. Data collection
The teacher issues recent issues of rubber journals to the students. Thestudents are asked to collect and present the data regarding theproduction statistics of Natural rubber. The teacher consolidates theabove data3. Assignment
The students are asked to submit an assignment on the climaticrequirements for the optimum growth of rubber trees and thegeographic distribution of rubber in India
AssessmentParticipation in discussionOral AssessmentData collectionAssignment
Concept : Harvesting of Natural rubber
Suggested strategy1. Multimedia presentation - Students are shown a Video on rubber
tapping. Followed by discussion and consolidationConsolidation pointsTapping utensils, tapping direction, tapping time, tapping rest,tapping task, tapping systems, rain guarding, yield stimulants
2. Group discussion - on Rubber tapping and the job role of a rubbertapper.
Page - 100
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Teacher inputs: Remuneration per tree for tappingFactors affecting the rubber priceFuture trends
AssessmentParticipation in discussionOral Assessment
Concept: Preservation of Natural rubber latex
Suggested strategy
The teacher gives a Lab Lecture - on the composition of the latex andspontaneous coagulation
Lab work - Observe the natural coagulation of Natural rubber latex bykeeping it over night without preservatives. Add ammonia to freshlatex, observe and record their inferences the next day.
Consolidation points - Composition of latex, protein layer, negativecharge on rubber particles, Reason for spontaneous coagulation,requirement of a preservative, Ammonia as a preservative, Highammonia and Low ammonia systems
AssessmentParticipation in discussionOral Assessment
Concept: Latex concentration
Suggested strategy1. General discussion with power point - The teacher discusses the
need for latex concentration and different latex concentrationtechniques with PPT.
2. A video show on latex concentration is carried out in the class - Theteacher consolidates the student queries
3. Field visit - A field visit to a latex centrifuging / creaming unit isarranged. Students observes the centrifuging/ creaming processand prepares the field visit report - The teacher consolidates thefield visit report
Consolidation points
Need for latex concentration, evaporation, electro decandation, cremingand cdentrifuging
AssessmentParticipation in discussionOral AssessmentField visit report
Page - 101
VHSE Curriculum
Concept: Preparation of concentrated latex by creaming
Suggested Strategy
Lab practical - Teacher conducts a lab lecture on latex creaming andconducts a demonstration of the latex creaming. Students are then askedprepare creamed latex. - The teacher then consolidates the creamingprocess.
Consolidation points
Principle of creaming, creaming agents, Factors affecting creaming
AssessmentParticipation in discussionOral AssessmentLab record
Concept : Compare creaming and centrifuging methods of latex concentration
Comparison chart - The teacher draws two coloums on the black boardfor creaming and centrifuging process and asks the students tocontribute to complete the comparison chart. The teacher thenconsolidates the comparison
Concept: Preparation of Ribbed Smoked Sheets and its grading
Suggested strategy1. Seminar - One student who knows or makes rubber sheets is
asked to make a presentation on the preparation of ribbed smokedsheets.
2. Interactive Discussion with video show - Video Show. Teacherconsolidates the student queries.
3. Field Visit - Students are divided into groups and are asked to visita rubber sheet making unit observe the preparation of sheets andtheir grading.
AssessmentSeminar reportField visit reportParticipation in discussion
Concept: Describe the manufacture of different grades ofCrepe Rubber
1. Interactive discussion with PPT - The teacher discusses thepreparation of pale latex crepe and estate brown crepe with thehelp of power point presentation.
Page - 102
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
2. Video Show - Teacher conducts a video show on the manufactureof crepe rubber and consolidates the student queries
3. Field visit - A field visit to a crepe manufacturing unit is arranged
AssessmentParticipation in the discussionsOral EvaluationField visit report
Concept: Manufacture and testing of different grades ofTechnically Specified rubber
Suggested strategy1. Interactive discussion with PPT - The teacher discusses the
preparation technically specified rubber (TSR) with the help ofpower point presentation.
2. Video Show - Teacher conducts a video show on the manufactureof TSR and consolidates the student queries
3. Field visit - A field visit to a TSR manufacturing unit is arranged
AssessmentParticipation in the discussionsOral EvaluationField visit report
Repository of CE possibilities
Process Portfolio Unit Based Evaluation
Discussion related to History Data collection Unit testand development of Assignment Performance assessment
natural rubber Oral assessment
Discussion related to Activity logharvesting of natural
rubber latex
Discussion related to Lab workconcentration of latex
Seminar related to the Seminar reportpreparation of RSS
Video show related the Activity logpreparation of creep rubber
Video show related the Activity logpreparation of Technically
specified rubber
Page - 103
VHSE Curriculum
Sample question1) "90% of the natural rubber produced in India is from Kerala".
Evaluate the climatic requirements for the optimum growth ofrubber?
2) "Creaming and centrifuging are the widely used methods for theconcentration of latex"Prepare a comparison chart of creaming and centrifuging process
3) "Natural rubber prices in Kerala are down for a while now".Discuss the impact of Natural rubber on Kerala's Economy
LIST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
Sl. No. Name of Equipments Quantity
1 Fusion tube 10 packets
2 China dish 30
3 tongs 30
4 Test tube 90
5 Boiling tube 10
6 Bunsen burner 10
7 Gas cylinder 1
8 Test tube stand 30
9 Test tube holder 30
10 hydrometer 1
11 Melting point apparatus 5
12 Universal testing machine 1
13 Mooney viscometer 1
14 Moving die rheometer 1
15 Mechanical stirrer 3
16 Petri dish 60
17 Electronic weighing balance .001 g 1
18 Electronic weighing balance .01 kg 1
19 Beaker 1000ml borosil 5
20 Beaker 500ml 60
21 Beaker 250 ml 6
22 Beaker 100ml 60
23 Beaker 50 ml 60
Page - 104
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
24 Plastic extruder with accessories .5-50kg/hr 1
25 Two roll mill 6''x12" 1
26 Hydraulic press 1
27 Mould for bush 1
28 Mould for paper weight 1
29 Mould for doormat 1
30 Hand injection moulding machine 1
31 Hand blow moulding machine 1
32 Thermoforming machine 1
33 Dipping tanks 4
34 scissors 5
35 Asbestos gloves 6
36 burette 12
37 Pipette 25ml 10
38 Tripod stand 10
39 Wooden former for balloons 30
40 Ball mill 1
41 Auto clave 1
42 Wooden former for finger cap 30
43 Gloves former 10
44 thermometer 5
45 Oswald viscometer 12
46 Specific gravity bottle 25 cc 24
47 Specific gravity bottle 50cc 6
48 Weighing bottle 30
49 VFA apparatus 48
REFERENCES BOOKS• Polymer Science by V.R. Gowariker• Text book of polymer science by Fred. W. Billmeyer• Rubber Technology and Manufacture by C.M. Blow• Rubber Technology by Maurice Morton• Plastic materials by JA Brydson• Polymer Science and Technology by Joel R. Fried
Page - 105
VHSE Curriculum
• A text book of polymers by M. S Bhatnagar, Volume 1 and volume2
• Rubber Engineering by Indian Rubber Institute• The Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook by R.T Vanderbilt company• Automobile Tyres by L. J. K Setright• Tyre Technology by F. J. Kovac• Rubber Growers hand book by Rubber board• Plastics materials and processing by A. Brent Strong• Additives for Plastics by John Murphy
