18
For more information, visit www.oakgov.com/water
For more information, visit
www.oakgov.com/water
History of hydraulic fracturing
Low volume vertical hydraulic fracturing is a technology used in more than 1 million wells in the U.S. since the 1940s to help produce oil and natural gas.
It involves pumping 50,000 to 100,00 gallons of a water-chemical-sand mixture into underground rock layers where the oil or gas is trapped.
The fracking fluid under intense pressure creates tiny fissures in the reservoir rock.
The sand and chemicals hold open the fissures, allowing the oil or gas to escape and flow back up the well, along with fracking fluids and deep earth compounds.
Since 2002 a new technology has developed, combining deep horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing, called horizontal slickwater hydraulic fracturing and know as “fracking” today. This technique began in Michigan around 2010.
This method has used from 5 to 21 million gallons of freshwater per well in Michigan (future wells could go much higher) mixed with chemicals and sand pumped up to two miles or more into the Earth then turned horizontal for two miles or more.
The mechanics are the same as low volume but the community and environmental impacts and potential problems are magnified.
History of hydraulic fracturing
Fracking in Michigan since 2010
As of 3/11/13
53 permitted
12 drilled
7 pending
2 failed
2 abandoned
HIGH VOLUME HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
0 2512.5 Miles
AS OF 2/11/2013
HIGH VOLUME HYDRAULICALLY FRACTURED WELL COMPLETIONS
ARE DEFINED IN SUPERVISOR OF WELL INSTRUCTION 1-2011 AS A 'WELL COMPLETION OPERATION THAT IS INTENDED TO USE
A TOTAL OF MORE THAN 100,000 GALLONS OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
FLUID'. WE MADE ALL EFFORTS TO TRACE BACK THE WELL COMPLETION RECORDS THRU 2008 TO COMPLILE THIS MAP AND LIST.
THIS INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN IS ACCURATE TO
THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE AND IS SUBJECT
TO CHANGE ON A REGULAR BASIS, WITHOUT
NOTICE. WHILE THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY - OFFICE OF OIL, GAS, AND MINERALS (DEQ-OOGM)
MAKES EVERY EFFORT TO PROVIDE USEFUL AND
ACCURATE INFORMATION, WE DO NOT WARRANT THE
INFORMATION TO BE AUTHORITATIVE, COMPLETE,FACTUAL, OR TIMELY. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THIS
INFORMATION BE COMBINED WITH SECONDARY SOURCES
AS A MEANS OF VERIFICATION. INFORMATION IS PROVIDED"AS IS" AND AN "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS. THE STATE OF MICHIGAN
DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY, LOSS, INJURY, OR DAMAGE
INCURRED AS A CONSEQUENCE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY,RESULTING FROM THE USE, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION
OF ANY OF THIS INFORMATION.
Legend
ISSUED ACTIVE PERMITS (52)
PENDING ACTIVE APPLICATIONS (6)
PN60133 VERTICAL
PN60170 HORIZONTAL
PN60328 VERTICAL
PN60305 VERTICAL
PN60183 VERTICAL
PN60360 HORIZONTAL
PN60138 VERTICAL
PN60198 HORIZONTAL
PN60161 HORIZONTAL
PN59919 VERTICAL
PN59979 HORIZONTAL
PN59449 VERTICAL
PN60137 VERTICAL
A110068 HORIZONTAL
PN60562 VERTICAL
PN60606 HORIZONTAL
A120046 VERTICAL
PN60546 HORIZONTAL
PN60545 HORIZONTAL
PN60685 VERTICAL
PN60686 HORIZONTAL
PN60559 VERTICAL
PN60560 HORIZONTAL
A130031 HORIZONTAL
PN60579 HORIZONTAL
PN60600 VERTICAL
PN60601 HORIZONTAL
PN60617 HORIZONTAL
PN60379 VERTICAL
PN60380 HORIZONTAL
PN60451 VERTICAL
PN60452 HORIZONTAL
PN60525 VERTICAL
PN60526 HORIZONTAL
PN60574 VERTICAL
PN60575 HORIZONTAL
PN60581 VERTICAL
PN60041 VERTICAL
PN59173 HORIZONTAL
PN60620 VERTICAL
PN60621 HORIZONTAL
PN60670 VERTICAL
PN60672 HORIZONTAL
PN60389 HORIZONTAL
PN60357 VERTICAL
A130032 HORIZONTAL
A130033 HORIZONTAL
A130034 HORIZONTAL
A130035 HORIZONTAL
PN60582 HORIZONTAL
KENTKENT
HURONHURON
SANILACSANILAC
BAYBAY
LAKELAKE
IONIAIONIA
OAKLANDOAKLAND
CASSCASS
ALLEGANALLEGAN
WAYNEWAYNE
SAGINAWSAGINAW
IOSCOIOSCO
TUSCOLATUSCOLA
EATONEATON
CLARECLARE
NEWAYGONEWAYGO
ALCONAALCONA
BARRYBARRY
LAPEERLAPEER
ST. CLAIRST. CLAIR
LENAWEELENAWEE
JACKSONJACKSON
ALPENAALPENA
CALHOUNCALHOUN
OTTAWAOTTAWA
INGHAMINGHAM
MASONMASON
ANTRIMANTRIM
GENESEEGENESEE
EMMETEMMET
OSCODAOSCODA
CLINTONCLINTON
BERRIENBERRIEN
GRATIOTGRATIOT
OCEANAOCEANA
MONTCALMMONTCALM
CHEBOYGANCHEBOYGAN
OGEMAWOGEMAW
MONROEMONROE
OTSEGOOTSEGO
BRANCHBRANCH
ISABELLAISABELLA
OSCEOLAOSCEOLA
MECOSTAMECOSTA MIDLANDMIDLAND
WEXFORDWEXFORD
VAN BURENVAN BUREN WASHTENAWWASHTENAW
HILLSDALEHILLSDALE
GLADWINGLADWIN
MANISTEEMANISTEE
MACOMBMACOMB
MISSAUKEEMISSAUKEE
CRAWFORDCRAWFORD
LIVINGSTONLIVINGSTON
PRESQUE ISLEPRESQUE ISLE
BENZIEBENZIE
KALAMAZOOKALAMAZOO
ST. JOSEPHST. JOSEPH
MUSKEGONMUSKEGON
ARENACARENAC
ROSCOMMONROSCOMMON
SHIAWASSEESHIAWASSEE
MONTMORENCYMONTMORENCY
LEELANAULEELANAU
CHARLEVOIXCHARLEVOIX
DELTADELTA
GRAND GRAND TRAVERSETRAVERSE
PN60614 VERTICAL
PN60615 HORIZONTAL
PN59912 VERTICAL
PN60536 VERTICAL
PN60537 HORIZONTAL
PN60212 HORIZONTAL
PN60588 HORIZONTAL
PN60587 HORIZONTAL
*
ACTIVE APPLICATIONS AND ISSUED PERMITS - SINCE 2008*
NOTE: PERMIT NUMBER AND APPLICATION NUMBER
CAN BE CROSS REFERENCED BETWEEN THE MAP
AND SPREADSHEET.
PN60674 HORIZONTAL
PN60662 HORIZONTAL
KALKASKAKALKASKA
# Permit # Company Name Well Name Well No County Wellhead T R S comments target formation Well type Well status Confidential
1 59112 BEACON EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CO LLC SCHULTZ 1--36 SANILAC 12N 15E 36 well completed Feb. 2012 A1 Carbonate Oil Shut-in NO
2 59173 CIMAREX ENERGY CO SOPER 1-25 HD1 OSCEOLA 17N 10W 25 well completed Aug. 2008 Antrim Gas Plugging complete NO
3 59449 O I L NIAGARAN LLC HENKEL D4-24 MISSAUKEE 21N 6W 24 proposed deepening of Antrim permit Utica-Collingwood Dry Hole Plugging complete NO
4 59979 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC PIONEER 1-3 HD1 MISSAUKEE 24N 7W 3 well completed Feb 2010 Utica-Collingwood Gas Shut-in NO
5 60041 MERIT ENERGY COMPANY HUBBEL 2-22 HD1 MONTMORENCY 29N 1E 22 well completed June. 2011 Niagaran Oil Producing NO
6 60133 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC KENDALL 1-33 CHEBOYGAN 35N 2W 33 permit for vertical well Utica-Collingwood Dry hole Well complete NO
7 60137 ATLAS RESOURCES LLC STATE MANCELONA 1-28 ANTRIM 29N 5W 28 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Dry Hole Temporarily abandoned NO
8 60138 ATLAS RESOURCES LLC LUCAS 1-13 KALKASKA 26N 8W 13 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Dry Hole Plugging complete. HD permitted NO
9 60161 ATLAS RESOURCES LLC STATE NORWICH 1-6 HD1 MISSAUKEE 24N 6W 6 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Dry Hole Temporarily abandoned NO
10 60170 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE KOEHLER & KENDALL 1-27 HD1 CHEBOYGAN 35N 2W 33 well completed Oct 2010 Utica-Collingwood Oil Temporarily abandoned NO
11 60183 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 1-24 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Dry Hole Plugging complete. HD drilled NO
12 60198 ATLAS RESOURCES LLC LUCAS 1-13 HD1 KALKASKA 26N 8W 13 permit for horizontal well (60138) Utica-Collingwood Not available Temporarily abandoned NO
13 60212 CONTINENTAL RESOURCES INC KELLY ET AL 1-26 HD1 HILLSDALE 6S 2W 26 well completed Sept. 2011 Black River (Van Wert) Oil Producing NO
14 60305 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE WILMOT 1--21 CHEBOYGAN 33N 3W 21 well completed July 2011 Utica-Collingwood Oil Plugging complete NO
15 60328 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE TUSCARORA 1--34 CHEBOYGAN 35N 5W 34 permit for vertical well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
16 60357 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE OLIVER 1-1 KALKASKA 26N 6W 1 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Dry Hole Well complete. HD drilled NO
17 60360 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 1-13 HD1 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 well completed Nov 2011 Utica-Collingwood Gas Producing NO
18 60379 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP CRONK 1-24 P GLADWIN 19N 1W 24 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Dry Hole Well Complete NO
19 60380 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP CRONK 1-24 HD1 GLADWIN 19N 1W 24 permit for horizontal well A1 Carbonate Gas Well Complete NO
20 60389 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 1-25 HD1 KALKASKA 26N 6W 1 well completed Nov 2011 Utica-Collingwood Gas Producing NO
21 60451 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP WILEY 1-18 P GLADWIN 18N 2W 18 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Other Well Complete NO
22 60452 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP WILEY 1-18 HD1 GLADWIN 18N 2W 18 well completed may/june 2012 A1 Carbonate Gas Temporarily abandoned NO
23 60525 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP SCHICK 1-7P CLARE 19N 3W 7 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Other Well Complete NO
24 60526 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP SCHICK 1-7HD1 CLARE 19N 3W 7 well not hydraulic fractured A1 Carbonate Other Well Complete NO
25 60536 CONTINENTAL RESOURCES INC MCNAIR ET AL 1-26 P HILLSDALE 6S 2W 26 permit for vertical well Black River (Van Wert) Other Plugging complete NO
26 60537 CONTINENTAL RESOURCES INC MCNAIR ET AL 1-26 HD1 HILLSDALE 6S 2W 26 permit for horizontal well Black River (Van Wert) Oil Producing NO
27 60545 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 2-25 HD1 KALKASKA 26N 6W 1 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Drilling complete NO
28 60546 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 3-25 HD1 KALKASKA 26N 6W 1 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well NO
29 60559 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP STATE RICHFIELD 1-27P ROSCOMMON 22N 1W 27 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Other Well Complete NO
30 60560 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP STATE RICHFIELD 1-34 HD1 ROSCOMMON 22N 1W 27 permit for horizontal well (60559) Collingwood Gas Well Complete NO
31 60562 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE MENTOR 1-17 CHEBOYGAN 34N 3W 17 permit for vertical well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
32 60574 ALTA ENERGY OPERATING LLC RILEY 1-22 OCEANA 15N 18W 22 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Other Plugged back NO
33 60575 ALTA ENERGY OPERATING LLC RILEY 1-22 HD1 OCEANA 15N 18W 22 permit for horizontal well (60574) A1 Carbonate Location Drilling complete NO
34 60579 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE GARFIELD 1-25 HD1 KALKASKA 25N 6W 36 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
35 60581 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP DAVID'S ACRES, LLC 1-19 P OGEMAW 22N 4E 19 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Other Well Complete NO
36 60582 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP DAVID'S ACRES, LLC 1-19 HD1 OGEMAW 22N 4E 19 well not hydraulic fractured A1 Carbonate Other Well Complete NO
37 60587 COUNTRYMARK ENERGY RESOURCES LLC ARNO 1-25 HD1 HILLSDALE 6S 2W 25 permit for horizontal well Black River (Van Wert) Location Permitted Well NO
38 60588 COUNTRYMARK ENERGY RESOURCES LLC ARNO & TIMMONS 1-24 HD1 HILLSDALE 6S 2W 24 permit for horizontal well Black River (Van Wert) Location Permitted Well NO
39 60600 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC WESTERMAN 1-29 KALKASKA 28N 8W 29 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Location Permitted Well YES
40 60601 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC WESTERMAN 1-32 HD1 KALKASKA 28N 8W 29 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
41 60606 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE MENTOR 1-17 HD1 CHEBOYGAN 34N 3W 17 permit for horizontal well (60562) Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
42 60614 ROSETTA RESOURCES OPERATING LP CHRISTENSEN 1-21 P IONIA 6N 6W 21 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Location Permitted Well YES
43 60615 ROSETTA RESOURCES OPERATING LP CHRISTENSEN 1-21 HD1 IONIA 6N 6W 21 permit for horizontal well A1 Carbonate Location Permitted Well YES
44 60617 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION COMPANY LP YOUNKMAN 1-29 HD1 MISSAUKEE 21N 8W 29 permit for horizontal well Utica Location Permitted Well YES
45 60620 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE BEAVER CREEK C3-11 CRAWFORD 25N 4W 11 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Location Permitted Well YES
46 60621 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE BEAVER CREEK 1-23 HD1 CRAWFORD 25N 4W 11 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
47 60662 COUNTRYMARK ENERGY RESOURCES LLC STIVERSON & FRENCH 1-25 HD1 HILLSDALE 6S 2W 24 permit for horizontal well Black River (Van Wert) Location Permitted Well NO
48 60670 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE ROSCOMMON D1-17 ROSCOMMON 21N 4W 17 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Location Permitted Well YES
49 60672 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE ROSCOMMON 1-7 HD1 ROSCOMMON 21N 4W 17 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
50 60674 MUZYL OIL CORPORATION BURNS A1-23 HD1 HILLSDALE 6S 2W 23 permit for horizontal well Black River (Van Wert) location Permitted Well NO
51 60685 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE GARFIELD 1-26 KALKASKA 25N 6W 26 permit for vertical well PILOT - Not to be Hydraulic Fractured Location Permitted Well YES
52 60686 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE GARFIELD 1-23 HD1 HILLSDALE 25N 6W 26 permit for horizontal well Utica-Collingwood Location Permitted Well YES
# App # Company Name Well Name Well No County Wellhead T R S target formation
1 A110068 MERIT ENERGY COMPANY STATE MANCELONA 8-33 ANTRIM 29N 5W 33 Utica-Collingwood
2 A120046 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE WILMONT 1-6 CHEBOYGAN 33N 3W 6 Utica-Collingwood
3 A130031 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 1-14 HD1 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 Utica-Collingwood
4 A130032 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 1-12 HD1 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 Utica-Collingwood
5 A130033 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 1-11 HD1 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 Utica-Collingwood
6 A130034 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 2-14 HD1 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 Utica-Collingwood
7 A130035 ENCANA OIL AND GAS USA INC STATE EXCELSIOR 2-12 HD1 KALKASKA 27N 6W 24 Utica-Collingwood
HIGH VOLUME (>100,000 gallons) HYDRAULIC FRACTURING PROPOSALS - ACTIVE APPLICATIONS
comments
HIGH VOLUME (>100,000 gallons) HYDRAULIC FRACTURING SINCE 2008 - ACTIVE PERMITS
application for horizontal well
application for horizontal well
application for vertical well
application for horizontal well
application for horizontal well
application for horizontal well
application for horizontal well
Michigan shale plays
Antrim
Since 1950 60/12,000
1,200 to 2000 ft.
100% Vertical drill
Gel, Air, Foam, Water
Destroys 5,000 to 10,000 gallons of freshwater
Very few chemicals
EPA regulated
Class II wastewater
Utica/Collingwood
2010-present 3/12
12,000 to 12,500 ft. vertical and 10,000-12,000 ft. lateral
Horizontal hydraulic fracture
Slickwater
Current MI wells Destroy 5 to 21 million gallons of freshwater, future wells could go higher
Thousands of pounds dry and mixed wet chemicals
Exempt from key EPA regulation, left to states
Class II wastewater (heavy Metals & possibly radioactive)
The Historical Difference
#2 High frack fluid volumes: needed to stimulate gas release from many existing fractures.
Hydrological connectivity can lead to contamination impact distant from, as well as close to drilling sites.
Fracking wastewater often contaminated with heavy metals and radioactive materials.
Compaction of land at site causes change in hydrology.
Impact of large number of truck & equipment; traffic, light, noise, diesel exhaust, oil/gas fumes…
Did not distinguish enviro impact between low and high volume wells
Most common remark in the report: too little Michigan-specific data to make conclusions/risk assessments. This shows the claim of no contamination in Michigan has no data to support it, because it was never collected.
University of Michigan Study Graham Sustainability Institute
(with state and industry participation)
Uses 5% of this truck’s 5,000 Gallons of CHEMICALS
Uses all of these trucks’ 105,000 Gallons of CHEMICALS
Low Volume Well 50,000 Gallons WATER
High Volume Well* 21,000,000 Gallons WATER
Hal Fitch, director OOGM 3-7-2013 presentation for Midland League of Women Voters, Chippewa Nature Center
Kalkaska County, State Excelsior 3-25, API 21-079-60546 records available at http://www.fracfocusdata.org/fracfocusfind/
DEQ records available at: http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_60700---,00.html
Slickwater: needed to control the amount of
power needed to pump large volumes of frack
fluid, at high pressures, quickly, over long
distances through small diameter casing.
*Up to 20 wells/2.1 million gallons of chemicals
per well pad.
99.5% water & sand 0.5% additives (equals 400,000 gallons with 8 million gallon frack)
Acid (hydrochloric, acetic or muriatic) Biocide (Glutaraldehyde) Breaker (Ammonium persulfate) Corrosion inhibitor (Formamide) Crosslinker (Borate salts) Friction reducer (Petroleum distillates BTEXs, TMBs, Methanol and PNAs) Gel (Guar gum or hydroxyethyl cellulose) Iron control (Citric acid) Clay stabilizer (Potassium chloride) pH adjuster (salts, Sodium or potassium bicarbonate) Proppant (Sand) Scale inhibitor (Poly- & ethylene glycol mixtures & glycol ethers) Surfactant (Isopropanol) Many chemicals and formulas are protected as “trade secrets.”
Fracking Chemicals
“Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals Found At Fracking Sites Linked To Cancer, Infertility”: University of Missouri Medical School study published in Endocrinology Society http//medicine.missouri.edu/news/0214.php
“Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Likely Harmed Threatened Kentucky Fish Species”: United States Geological Survey and National Fish
and Wildlife Service report: "Our study is a precautionary tale of
how entire populations could be put at risk even with small-
scale fluid spills," USGS scientist Diana Papoulias, the study's lead
author. www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3677#.UvGvbvldUaw
Studies on fracking effects
United States Environmental Protection Agency Region III (January 19, 2012) – “Methane contamination was detected in private wells thereafter in concentrations exceeding those previously found.”
Scientific American – “High Levels of Arsenic Found in Groundwater Near Fracking Sites”
http://
Duke University’s Daniel Rozell and Sheldon Reaven – an individual fracking well releases at least 200 m^3 of contaminated fluids, “because disposing of fracking fluids through industrial water resource recovery facilities can lead to elevated pollution levels in rivers and streams”
http//www
Colorado School of Public health – “Our data show that it is important to include air pollution in the national dialogue on natural gas development”
http://
Near A Well?
Air emissions near fracking sites may impact health.
Extraction crew
No rig on site
Frack sand mining, MI called “prime state” for frack sand mining as production booms in recent years: http://geology.com/articles/frac-sand/: http://www.mlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2012/06/post_88.html.
Haliburton Loophole; National Council of State Legislatures: “Hydraulic fracturing is currently exempt from the underground injection control program requirements applicable to class II oil and gas related wells set forth in the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, except for when diesel fuels are used.” http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/fracking-update-what-states-are-doing.aspx#federal.
Fracking by the Numbers; Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level www.environmentamerica.org/reports/ame/fracking-numbers
Chemicals; secrecy, transport, spills, contamination, underground transformations
The Fracking process
The Fracking process
Water withdrawals: water destruction, remover from water cycle, effect on aquifer, international agreements
Lawsuit/MSU study: DEQ water withdrawal tool problem, shows faulty results, overestimates supply, weak on rapid withdrawals.
Human error/structural faults in cement casings: Concrete Institute
Cracking the rock, fissures, salt veins, seismic movements
Flaring associated natural gas; noise, odor, incomplete combustion, low price will rise if exports allowed as being lobbied for now
Waste water disposal – toxic, spills, transport, injection well causing earthquakes
Natural gas (methane) leakage in extraction/supply chain is 10-15%. Leakage means natural gas (25 times as heat retaining as carbon) is more climate change active than coal.
Oil company claim: no cases of water contamination in MI. Reality: no baseline testing or even post drilling testing on 90% of wells to know if contamination has occurred. UM study said not enough Michigan-specific data.
Sustainability demands 30+ year view in policy analysis, Triple Bottom Line. Fracking and fossil fuels fail those tests, for local pollution and global climate.
Lawsuit secret settlements, lifetime gag orders; www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/428642/august-15-2013/the-word---gag-gift.
The Fracking process
Water Resources Commissioner’s office is developing a demonstration project to install a power generating turbine in a sewer/stormwater line. The WRC is looking at this and other renewable energy projects to reduce our impact on the power grid.
Farmington Hills City Hall installed geothermal heating and solar panels, reducing their gas bill from $30,000 annually to zero. Other local public and private buildings have also done the same, and more are being converted daily. Net Zero energy buildings, making as much energy as they use, are the future.
Nationally, 13,000 megawatts of wind power were built in 2013, we installed 7,000 megawatts of solar power in 2012 and 10,000 in just the first 9 months of 2013.
We need safer alternatives
Cost of solar panels has fallen 60% since 2010. Solar leasing/purchasing agreements making solar installations more affordable and common for businesses/homeowners.
Michigan 4th in nation in green jobs growth: Echotech Institute Clean Jobs Index.
119,016 US solar jobs in 2012, expect 17% growth in 2013: 2012 National Solar Jobs Index. Energy efficiency and energy audits (saving energy for business and homeowners nationally) employing 380,000: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory report
LEED Certification is growing: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design is a third party measure of building efficiency and is now the Industry standard for architects, engineers and the construction industry.
We need safer alternatives
