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for the eleventh graders

compiled by: Dra. Wulandari

REPORTED SPEECH/

INDIRECT SPEEECH

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Standar Kompetensi:

Menulis :

Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek dan esei sederhana

dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.

Kompetensi Dasar:

Mengungkapkan makna dalam bentuk teks fungsional pendek remi dan tak

resmi dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan

berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari, khususnya dalam kalimat tidak

langsung.

Tujuan Pembelajaran:

Setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran, siswa dapat:

- Mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung dengan cermat

dan cerdas.

- Mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung dengan

‘reporting verbs’ tertentu dengan benar dan cerdas.

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Conceptual Map

Glossary

Reported Speech = Indirect Speech refers to using a noun clause to report what someone has said.

REPORTED SPEECH

COMMAND/ REQUEST

STATEMENT

QUESTION

WH- QUESTION

YES-NO QUESTION

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REPORTED SPEECH/ INDIRECT SPEECH

If the reporting verb (e.g. say, tell, ask, etc) is in Present or Future forms, the

tenses remains unchanged.

e.g. : “I never work on Sundays,” Steven says. Steven says that he never works on Sundays.

If the thing that is mentioned in the Direct Speech is still true, it is not

necessary the tenses.

e.g. : Jimmy said, “Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia.” Jimmy said that Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia.

If the Direct Speech is in Conditional Sentences type II and III, the tenses

remain unchanged.

e.g. : Ron said, “If I were younger, I would join the popular singing contest Ron said that if he were younger, he would join the popular singing contest.

If the reporting verb is in Past forms and the thing that is mentioned in the

Direct Speech is not necessarily true at the time it is reported, the following

changes apply:

Present Simple -> Past Simple Present Continuous -> Past Continuous Present Perfect -> Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous Past Simple -> Past Perfect Past Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous will/ may/ can/ must -> would/ might/ could/ had to tomorrow -> the next day/ the following day the day after tomorrow -> in two days’ time this/ these -> that/ those here -> there now -> then/ at that time today -> that day tonight -> that

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next week/ month/ year -> the following week/ month/ year yesterday -> the day before/ the other day last night -> the night before/ the other night last summer -> the summer before/ the previous summer last July -> the previous July the day before yesterday -> the previous two days …….. ago -> …….. before e.g.: Jill said, “I am not happy today.” Jill said that she was not happy that day.

In Yes/No questions, use if or whether.

e.g. : “Do you go to school by bus?” Anna asked me. Anna asked me whether I went to school by bus. “Are you tired?” he asked her. He wanted to know whether she was tired.

In Wh-Questions, use the question word.

e.g. : “When will you come to my house, John?” she asked. She wanted to know when John would come to his house. “Why did you come here last night?” he asked me. He wondered why I had come there the night before.

Use ‘to’ or ‘not to’ in requests, orders, instructions, etc.

e.g. : The doctor said, “Drink the aspirin twice a day.” The doctor told his patient to drink the aspirin twice a day. “Don’t stay up late,” my mom said. My mom asked me not to stay up late.

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A. Write these commands/requests into Reported Speech.

1. She told me, ‘Go away.’

2. They request me, ‘Don’t sleep late.’

3. She ordered us, ‘Stay here for a while’.

4. The teacher tells us, ‘Don’t cheat during the test.’

5. We asked him, ‘Listen carefully.’

B. Write these statements into Reported Speech.

1. She says, 'I haven't done my homework,' she says.

2. ‘I haven't got any money,' he'll tell you.

3. ‘I've seen the film before,’ she says.

4. ‘I want to go home,' he's already told you.

5. ‘I haven't seen my mother for years,' he says.

6. ‘I work for an American company,' Mrs Johnson said.

7. ‘I feel ill,’ the little boy said.

8. ‘I'm watching television,' Fiona said.

9. ‘I like the new house,' Sam said.

10. ‘I'm washing the car,’ Chloe said.

11. ‘The washing machine's broken,' he said.

12. ‘I'm working,' he said.

13. ‘We're worried about Peter,' they said.

14. ‘I don't smoke,’ Megan said.

15. ‘I'm waiting for my exam results,' John said.

Exercise

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C. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Steve. You hadn’t seen him for a long time. Here are some of the things Steve said to you.

Later that day you tell another friend what Steve said. Use reported speech.

1. Steve said that he was living in London.

2. He said that _________________________________________________

3. He ________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________________

6. ___________________________________________________________

7. ___________________________________________________________

8. ___________________________________________________________

9. ___________________________________________________________

10. ___________________________________________________________

11. ___________________________________________________________

12. ___________________________________________________________

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D. Report these Yes/ No Questions moving the clauses ‘one tense back’. 1. ‘Are you hungry?’ She asked us __________________________________

2. ‘Are you enjoying yourself?’ He wanted to know _____________________

3. ‘Do you always go to church on Sunday?’ He wondered _______________

4. ‘Have you seen John recently? She asked me _______________________

5. ‘Has Debbie been working long?’ He wanted to know _________________

6. ‘Did you study hard for the exam?’ She wondered ____________________

7. ‘Will you be coming to the concert or not?’ He wanted to know ___________

8. ‘Will Ted and Alice be at the party?’ She asked us ____________________

9. ‘You like Italian food, don’t you?’ She asked me ______________________

10. ‘You don’t like Italian food, don’t you?” She wanted to know _____________

E. Report these question-word questions moving the clauses ‘one tense

back’.

1. ‘What’s the weather like?’ She asked me __________________________

2. ‘What does Frank do for a living?’ I wanted to know _________________

3. ‘Why is Maria crying?’ She wondered _____________________________

4. ‘What kind of holiday has Marco had?’ You wanted to know ___________

5. ‘How long have you been both living here?’ They inquired _____________

6. ‘Where did you go last week?’ She wanted to know __________________

7. ‘Who were you looking for?’ He asked me _________________________

8. ‘When will lunch be ready?’ You didn’t tell me ______________________

9. ‘Which countries will John be visiting?’ You didn’t say ________________

10. ‘How can you solve the problem?’ I wanted to know _________________

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Notes on the Reporting Verb Patterns

There are many verbs which can be used to report what someone said – for example: say, tell, promise, suggest, persuade, refuse, recommend, claim. The pattern that follow these verbs are different, however.

Some verbs (for example: say, claim, argue, emphasize) can be followed by ‘that + clause’.

e.g. : She said that people in her country were very friendly. He claimed that he had won several competitions before. He argued that the plan was certain to fail. The President emphasized that he was not prepared to do that.

Some verbs (for example: claim, offer, promise, refuse) are followed by ‘to infinitive’.

e.g. : She claimed to cook everything by herself. We offered to help them, but they didn’t want to I promised to come around the following evening. He refused to listen to anything I had to say. Note that ‘promise’ can also be followed by ‘pronoun + that clause’ e.g. : You promised me that you would be here on time.

Some verbs (for example: persuade, ask, tell, encourage, advise,) are followed by ‘pronoun + to infinitive’.

e.g. : He tried, but he didn’t persuade me to go with him. They asked me to stay away from the problem. He told us to go away. Her parents encouraged her to find a better job. They advised me to buy new clothes for the interview.

Some verbs (for example: apologise for, deny, confess to, admit, suggest) are followed by a ‘gerund’. e.g. : My sister apologized for borrowing the shoes without asking me. He denied being part of the gang who attacked the train. He confessed to sending her a threatening letter. She admitted saying bad thing about him. The leaders suggested taking a different path through the forest.

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When we use these reporting verbs in the past, they are followed by the gerund ‘having + V3’. e.g. : He denied having stolen the things from the school. He apologized for having left the party without saying goodbye. He confessed to having attacked several people the previous month.

Rewrite the sentences using the reporting verbs given.

1. ‘I’m sorry that I cheated on you,’ she said.

She apologised for ______________________________________

2. ‘I was worse than him,’ she said.

She admitted __________________________________________

3. ‘Please be calm’ he said to me.

He asked _____________________________________________

4. ‘It’s very easy to do this exercise,’ they said.

They claimed __________________________________________

5. ‘It was me who changed the password,’ she said.

She confessed to _______________________________________

6. ‘I did not forge the documents,’ he said.

He denied ____________________________________________

7. ‘I will treat you well,’ he said to her.

He promised __________________________________________

8. ‘Don’t give up easily,’ he said to me.

He encouraged ________________________________________

9. ‘I have never told you that,’ he said to me.

He argued _____________________________________________

10. ‘Be a nice boy, will you?’ she said to her son.

She persuaded __________________________________________

EXERCISES

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Bibliography:

Murphy, Raymond. 2004. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Puchta, Herbert, Jeff Stranks and Peter Lewis-Jones.2012. English in Mind Book 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Walker, Elaine and Steve Elsworth. 2000. Grammar Practice for Upper

Intermediate Students. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

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