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For the
Mine Warfare Association
Mr. Brian AlmquistOcean Engineering & Marine Systems (ONR 321OE)
Voice: (703) 696-3351 Fax: (703) 696-2710 [email protected]
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Enabling Capability Priority 1 Organic MCM
Wide area surveillance to enable maneuver
Clandestine reconnaissance to prepare the battlespace
Rapid overt VSW / SZ / BZ / CLZ / BEZ mine and obstacle reconnaissance
Data Fusion to accelerate the amphibious planning process
Timely MCM Common Tactical Picture to enable maneuver
Standoff precision neutralization of individual mines in VSW
Autonomous, high speed compact influence sweep
Sub-capabilities:
Lane marking and precision navigation from VSW to BEZ
Standoff breaching of obstacles and mines in the SZ / BZ / CLZ / BEZ
Rapid Follow-on Clearance
Requires knowledge of the battlespaceRequires knowledge of the battlespace
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
PDM-1’s Red Beach
3/19/01
Airborne Remote Optical Spotlighting System (AROSS)
Bathymetric Data
3/26/01
Depth in feet
(MLLW)
Red Beach26 Mar 01
2209Z
AROSS Bathymetry: White Beach
3/19/01
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Weapon System Program Elements
DEPLOY(Organic Supportability)
EMPLOY
(Stand-off, In-stride)
HIT
(Targeting, Guidance, & Control)
KILL(Warheads)
• Mainstream Assault Breaching MCM
• Assault Breaching Becomes Part of Air and Surface Strike Mission Areas
• Major System Attribute: Utilize Existing or Planned Fleet Systems for Deployment and Employment; Organic Compatibility (Std Containers e.g., JSSAM, JSOW, JDAM)
• Program Focus: Warhead Effectiveness and Dispense Mechanisms
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
CMCO Future Systems
LM Hydra-7 Reactive Darts BZ / SZ Mines
Boeing MODS Chemical Darts BZ / SZ Mines
Continuous Rod Warhead BZ Obstacles
SAIC Naval Gun Chemical Darts BZ / SZ Mines
Continuous Rod Warhead BZ Obstacles
LM Hydra-7 Reactive Darts BZ / SZ Mines
Boeing MODS Chemical Darts BZ / SZ Mines
Continuous Rod Warhead BZ Obstacles
SAIC Naval Gun Chemical Darts BZ / SZ Mines
Continuous Rod Warhead BZ Obstacles
Note: No viable proposals for SZ obstacles receivedNote: No viable proposals for SZ obstacles received
Unitary / Blast Warheads
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
• Concept: – Employ Tactical Munitions Dispenser (TMD)
– Deliver about 4630 reactive high velocity darts (~25’ diameter kill)
• Lockheed Martin / NAVSEA Indian Head Team: SZ & BZ Mine Clearance System– Lockheed Martin Advanced Projects: System Integration / GNC,
Warhead & Dispense Design
– NAVSEA Indian Head: Warhead & Dispense Design & Testing, WESERB
– GSI: Dart Design
– CSS: System Engineering
– NAVAIR China Lake: Aircraft Integration, Dispenser Sled TestMINE CLEARANCE
Hydra-7Mine Clearing System
Missiles and Fire Control Advanced Projects
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Hydra-7 Dart
• Reactive Material Dart Fill (Hydra-7)
• Similar Technology as Used in RAMICs
• Feasibility as BZ Mine Countermeasure Demonstrated in FY00 Versus Plastic and Steel Cased Surrogates.
• Defeat Mechanism is Combination of Kinetic and Thermal Energy
- Dart Impact Rubbilizes Mine’s HE Fill
- High Temperature Dart Fill Causes Spontaneous Reaction with Mine Fill (Burning).
Goal is to defeat surface / buried mines and mines in the waterGoal is to defeat surface / buried mines and mines in the water
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Mine / Obstacle Defeat System
Concept: • JDAM Tail Kit to Deliver New Warheads• Aerodynamic Form of BLU-109• Chemical Penetrators (Mines; 20 Meter Kill Diameter)• Continuous Rod Warhead (BZ Obstacles; 26 Meters)
Boeing Team: Mine / Obstacle Defeat System (MODS)• Boeing Phantom Works; Air Vehicle / Guidance• NSWC-IHD; Two Warheads (Chemical Penetrators & CRW)• Talley Defense Systems; Dispense Systems
GP05221027.ppt
Areato be cleared
Pre takeoff• Plan mission • Breakout, load bombs• Load mission data on aircraft
CRW deployedat low altitude
CRW stabilized
Prox fuzedetonates CRW
Release outside SAM range
Venom fired 200-1000 ft
CRW Venom
BeachWater <10 ft
MODS Concept of Operations
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Mine / Obstacle Defeat System
2 CRW6,320 Venom Penetrators
Penetrator Dispense System CRW Dispense System
JDAMTail Kit
Propellant
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Stand-off Delivery of Mine and Obstacle Clearing Payloads from 5” and 155mm Naval Guns
SAIC Team:
Concept: • Best Buy Projectile to Deliver Two New
Warheads
• Chemical Penetrators (Mines; 6.5 Meter Kill Diameter)
• Continuous Rod Warhead (Obstacles; 10 Meter Kill Diameter)
• SAIC; Systems Integration, Delivery Vehicle
• NSWC IHD; Chemical Darts, CRW
• CAES; Hardware and Integration for Delivery Vehicle
• ABL; Rocket Motors
• NAVSYS; Guidance and Control
• GSI; Reactive Darts
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
“Best Buy” Projectile
• Best Buy projectile represents maturing technology• Developing two new warheads
• Best Buy projectile represents maturing technology• Developing two new warheads
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Venom Dart
Chemical Dart Fill (Venom)
- Proven Technology, Originated in the 1970s
- U.S. Army Demonstrated Use of Chemicals to Initiate (AP) Mines
- NSWC / IHDIV has Demonstrated DETA can be used to Destroy Mines
- DETA has been Proven Effective Against TNT and Comp B Based Explosives
- Dart Rubbilizes Mine’s HE Fill and Deposits the Chemical which Reacts
with the Rubbilized HE (Burning)
5.83”
1.0”
0.4375”
0.2188”
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Continuous Rod Warhead Lethality
• Offers considerable increase in effectiveness on land over unitary / blast warheads.
• Provides larger kill radius than unitary / blast warhead.
• Rods propelled parallel to ground.
• Scalable to various weapon sizes.
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Beach Zone Tests
Mk 84 Test, Summer 99 Mk 83 Test, Spring 01 Mk 83 Land Test
• Smaller Lethal Radius (not as effective as CRW)• More assets required• Risk mitigation
• Smaller Lethal Radius (not as effective as CRW)• More assets required• Risk mitigation
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Unitary / Blast Warheads
• Bombs must be guided, otherwise not effective (e.g. JDAM)
Mine / Obstacle Clearance- Low effectiveness against mines on the beach (Air Force)
- Good evidence for effectiveness against obstacles in SZ (6.2 Program)
- Special purpose warheads such as CRW offer advantages to blast warhead for obstacles on land (Lethal Radius)
- Cratering can be avoided
- Sequential (sweeping) detonation may be effective
Channeling- Technically feasible depending on beach / sea-bed composition and gradient
- Needs precision timed fuzing for simultaneous detonation
- Needs large bomb, high bubble energy explosive in water
- 100 lbs of explosive per linear foot of 50 yard wide channel
- Estimates suggest channeling requires twice the ordnance
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
10 m
10 m
AT
Min
es a
t 6m
Spa
cing
50 yds15 m
AT mines (A, B, F, G, H)
AL Mine, (E, L)
4 strand fence
AP mines (K)
Tanglefoot
Hedgehog 1.25-m membersType 2 AL Mines (J, M)
Triple Strand Concertina Wire w/AP mines
Sea Urchins
Water Depth (m)Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal
Variations (+3-4 ft about mean tide)
174.21 m
5m10m 10m 40 m
10m
30m
15m
0.6 0.9 1.1 1.32.0
40 m10m
0.3
10m
3.02.8
15m
MCIA High Threat LaydownBeach Gradient of 1:99
• Worst case scenario• Desert Storm threat was less severe• Worst case scenario• Desert Storm threat was less severe
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
• Weapons Required per Lane- Obstacles 17- Mines 25
• Aircraft Sorties per Lane- F/A -18C/D 11- F/A -18E/F 11- JSF 21- B1 2- B2 / B52 2/3
• Weapon Lift per Lane- Weight <100,000 lbs- Volume < 2,000 cu. ft.
• Hydra-7 Estimates are Similar• Worst case MCIA threat laydown• Less severe threat requires significantly less assets
• Hydra-7 Estimates are Similar• Worst case MCIA threat laydown• Less severe threat requires significantly less assets
MODSLift Estimates / High MCIA Threat
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Standoff Delivery of Mine and Obstacle Clearing Payloads From 5” and 155mm Naval Guns
DD21 ClassCG 47 Class
133 CMCO 750 CMCO
DDG81 Class
ERGM AllocationERGM Allocation
NSFS Rounds Required to Clear a Single Lane*NSFS Rounds Required to Clear a Single Lane*
* Assumes 3M CEP; CSS Projections, Revision 3
• Worst case MCIA threat laydown• Less severe threat requires significantly less assets• Worst case MCIA threat laydown• Less severe threat requires significantly less assets
115 CMCO
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
CMCO Future SystemsSummary
• System Platforms- 2 A/C Systems:
- 1 Naval Gun System:
• Warhead Effectiveness- Buried & Proud Mines
- Energetic Fills Cause Burning of Mine’s Explosive Fill
- Dispensing
- Beach Obstacles (larger lethal radius)
- Dispensing
• Unitary / Blast Warheads- Field Tests and Demonstrations
- SZ / BZ Obstacles
- Fuze Considerations
- Risk Mitigation
Dart Lethality
CRW Lethality