Force and Motion

Integrated ScienceMrs. Zazzali

Lesson 1-Circuit of Inquiries

1.1 The Hand Warmer, What is Friction?

Friction - surface resistance to motion, as of a body sliding or rolling.

Inquiry 1.2 – Constructing and Interpreting a Graph

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Distance in metersSeries 2Series 3

Inquiry 1.3 – Rolling Around

Force – a push or pull on an object

Inquiry 1.4 – The Puck Launcher

Examples of Force, Balanced vs. Unbalanced Force.

Balanced – Force is equal in size and opposite in direction ex. Tug of War teams evenly matched, rope does not move

Unbalanced – Force is greater on 1 side, ex. Tug of War when one team pulls other team to the other side

1.5 – Down the ramp

Momentum – mass in motion and depends on 2 variables mass and velocity

1.6 – Suspended bar

Magnetic force - Magnets have a magnetic north pole and a magnetic south pole. If the same pole of two magnets are placed near each other they will push away (repel), while if different poles are placed near each other they will pull together (attract).

Galileo

Born in Pisa, Italy 1564

Influential with his studies of Gravity, rate objects fall to the Earth

Discovered that Earth revolved around the sun which was very controversial at the time, people believed Earth was the center of the Universe

Shared his ideas from his notebook recordings, one of the first Scientists to maintain a notebook

Lesson 2 - Gravity

Gravity -the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.

Mass- amount of matter in an object (doesn’t change-moon or anywhere else the same)

Weight- force of gravity on an object (changes based on the gravitational pull, on the moon you would weigh less)

Kilogram- unit of mass in the metric system

Newton(N)- unit of force in the metric system

Lesson 3- The Force of a Rubber Band

Elastic Force- able to return to an original shape or size after being stretched, or compressed, the force of a rubber band or spring.

Lesson 4: The Force of Friction

K-W-Learned (What did you Learn about Friction)

Pd.1: Couldn’t hold onto things, we wouldn’t be alive, rub/slide, couldn’t stop w/out it

Pd.2: Mass impacts friction, couldn’t do many things we do now, sliding all over with out it, surface resistance

Pd.3: Helps us hold pen/pencil, can’t live with out it, A force that holds things down, helps brake or stop things.

Pd.5: Creates heat, lets us live, slows objects down, with out we would be sliding all over the place

Pd.6: Slows things down, generates heat, with out it we couldn’t live a normal life, Diff. types of friction

Pd.7: Slows an object down, generates heat, we wouldn’t be alive with out it, more weight = more friction

Key Vocabulary-Friction Review Lessons 1-3:

Friction-Surface resistance to an object’s motion

Newton-measure of Force in the Metric system

New Terminology

Sliding friction-opposes the motion of objects over a surface

Static friction-when a force is applied to an object and it does not cause it to move, ex. Applying a small force to move a large box across the floor and the box does not move

Surface area-measure of the total surface of an object, ex. Block surface area calculated with length X width

Vocabulary continuedAir resistance-opposing force air exerts on

a falling object impacted by the speed and the cross-sectional area of the object. Ex. Increase the speed, Increase air resistance

Terminal velocity-the constant velocity reached by a falling object resulting from the interaction between gravity and air friction or drag

Velocity-the speed at which an object is traveling in a single direction, ex. Skydiver traveling down to earth

Lessons 5 & 6 Vocabulary

Magnet: object made of iron, nickel, and/or cobalt and has the ability to attract or repel magnetic materials.

Magnetic field: Space/area where magnetic forces are observed. If the field exists, it will deflect a compass needle.

Dependent Variable: Value is determined by the experiment or changes as a result of the independent variable.

Independent Variable: variable that the experimenter changes in the experiment.

Vocab. continued

Magnetic Compass: device that determines the presence and direction of a magnetic field.

***The following terms should be defined by you for homework.

Geomagnetic North: the point on the earth where a compass would lead to the Earth’s magnetic field

Geographic North: Geographically where on a map we find our North Pole