Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Energy Transformations , Background Energy measures the ability to cause change within a system. Energy can cause matte?ÿt6ÿc-ha--nge posi-----ti-0n, speed, or state. An underlying principle of our understanding of force, motion, and energy is the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyecl, it just "chanÿJ f-ges form. Energy transformationÿiÿstems demÿ6nstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy regularly in our lives. When energy flow occurs in a system, measureable changes to parts of the system may occur such as speeding up, slowing down and getting warmer or cooler. The total amount of energy within the system remains the same yet the forms of energy can change. A flashlight demonstrates energy transformation when the energy in a battery changes from chemical energy to electrical energy to light energy. A windmill demonstrates energy transformation when the kinetic energy of wind turns the blades changing to mechanical energy, which is changed to electrical energy by the generator it powers. Forms of Energy Recall that ÿ1 energy is the stored energy of position as compared to its usual position (Examples: consider the base of a slide the usual position and a child at the top of the slide with potential energy due to position, OR consider an undrawn bow the usual position and the drawn bow with potential energy due to the position of the bowstring.) Kinetic energy is energy that is in motion (happening). Mechanical #. Energy Radiant Energy The energy of motion or the ability to do motion that can be categorized into the forms of potential and ] ÿ.ÿ fÿ kinetic energy. ÿ .... Light energy that can be categorized as a form of kinetic energy. It includes all electromagnetic waves, a great range of wavelengths of different energies including radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x-rays. It can travel through empty space, air, or even solid substances. A runaway skateboard, pedaling a bicycle, chewing food, water rushing through a dam Light bulbs, burning candles, the light from the Sun Please continue to the next page. Accelerate • ng,. ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _
Transcript
Energy TransformationsForce, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Energy Transformations ,Background
Energy measures the ability to cause change within a system. Energy cancause matte?ÿt6ÿc-ha--nge posi-----ti-0n, speed, or state. An underlying principle ofour understanding of force, motion, and energy is the Law of Conservation ofEnergy which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyecl, it just
"chanÿJ f-ges form. Energy transformationÿiÿstems demÿ6nstrate the Lawof Conservation of Energy regularly in our lives.
When energy flow occurs in a system, measureable changes to parts of the system may occursuch as speeding up, slowing down and getting warmer or cooler. The total amount of energywithin the system remains the same yet the forms of energy can change. A flashlight demonstratesenergy transformation when the energy in a battery changes from chemical energy to electricalenergy to light energy. A windmill demonstrates energy transformation when the kinetic energy ofwind turns the blades changing to mechanical energy, which is changed to electrical energy by thegenerator it powers.
Forms of EnergyRecall that ÿ1 energy is the stored energy of position as compared to its usual position(Examples: consider the base of a slide the usual position and a child at the top of the slide withpotential energy due to position, OR consider an undrawn bow the usual position and the drawnbow with potential energy due to the position of the bowstring.) Kinetic energy is energy that is inmotion (happening).
Mechanical#. Energy
RadiantEnergy
The energy of motion or the ability to do motion thatcan be categorized into the forms of potential and
] ÿ.ÿ fÿ kinetic energy. ÿ ....Light energy that can be categorized as a form of
kinetic energy. It includes all electromagnetic waves,a great range of wavelengths of different energies
including radio waves, microwaves, visible light, andx-rays. It can travel through empty space, air, or even
The energy of ÿs that producessound that can be categorized as kinetic energy. Your voice, whistles, whale
Sound It requires a medium (air, water or solids) in calls, the rattle of a trainEnergy order to travel. Sound waves travel slower than passing on a track
Electrical Thÿles through a Electrical power generators,conductor that can be categorized static (the type that makes
Energy as kinetic energy, your hair stand on end)
• :• Nuclear •••-I The energy stored wÿiitse!f::that:;•:-: •:•::•:Power:Piants:(breakthe :•' Energy,",.l" canbe classifiedasa:;formofpotentialenergy...: bonds ofuraniumtocreate::..
. e!ectiicitYaÿdilheat)ifusion :::i
The energy related to the temperature of asubstance that can be categorized as kinetic .'
Thermal energy. Thermal energy is a result of tiny A fire, a hot stove, and aparticles of matter that move (kinetic). The faster pizza just removed from the
Energy the mÿthe warmerÿ m--ÿr. All matter oven
has thermal energy and although we can' t seethe motion we can feel or see its effects.
SOURCE:Thermal Energy, Retrieved December 1,2012, from http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/
Answer the background questions in the Student Journal.
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Energy TransformationsForce, Motion, and Energy
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Background, continued
The Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy can neither be created nor destroyed it justchanges form.
That energy can be demonstrated, observed andmeasured in a system can be stated because of the Lawof Conservation of Energy. Contributions of manyscientists over time and new discoveries about differentforms of energy have all supported the currentacceptance of the Law of Conservation of Energy by thescientific community.
(---An transformation is the of from form to another, in differentenergy change energy one Energyparts of a system can increase and decrease, but the total amount of energy stays the same.During transformation, energy can transfer from place to place, yet total ener£yremains the samebecause there is a decrease in the available energy in the energy source and an increase inavailable energy in the energy receiver. " --
Complete the background questions in your Student Journal.
Part I: Plan Your InvestigationYou will complete an investigation to describe the energy transformations at seven stations.
Question of Inquiry:With your class and teacher, discuss the Question of Inquiry and list the materials that you willneed to conduct your investigation.
Safety Precautions:At stations: Carefully remove and insert electrical plugs in the outlets by grasping the plugs, not thecords. Make sure your hands are completely dry before touching the plugs. Keep electricalappliances away from water and water sources. Do not touch the light bulb with the spiral paper oryour body, it is very hot and can cause severe burns.
Procedure:You will follow the instructions at seven stations to implement your investigation in Part II,Complete Part I in your Student Journal.
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation
Procedure:1. At each station, follow the directions and record your observations in the Energy Transformation
Observation data table in your Student Journal.
2. Complete the analysis questions in your Student Journal after you have completed the sevenstations.
Station Procedures:
Hairdryer
1. Carefully plug the hairdryer into the electrical outlet.
2. Turn the hairdryer on.
3. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
4. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
5. Turn the hairdryer off and unplug it.
Complete Part I in your Student Journal.
AÿccelerateLearning" @ 2014 ÿ 20t5 At, telex'ate Learning - All Rights ReseJ'ved
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Energy TransformationsForce, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continuedStation Procedures, continued
Battery Powered Fan
,
2.
3,
,
Place the battery/batteries inside the fan and replace the battery cover. Turn on the fan.
What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
Turn the fan off and take the batteries out of the fan.
!ÿLamp1. Plug in the lamp and turn it on.
2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
4. Turn the lamp switch off and unplug the lamp.
Solar Powered Tool
1. Turn the tool on. Cover the solar panel with your hand and observe what happens to thedisplay. Remove your hand from the panel and observe the display.
2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
4. Turn the tool off.
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Energy TransformationsForce, Motion, and Energy
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Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continuedStation Procedures, continued
i.ÿ'ÿ @rumpling Paper
1. Use your hands to crumple the piece of butcher paper.
2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
4. Place the paper in the recycle bin.
Iÿ ÿaper Spiral
1. Carefully plug the lamp into the electrical outlet and turn the lamp on.
2. Pick up the paper spiral by the end of the string and hold it 30 cm above the light bulb for 2minutes. Be very careful to not touch the light bulb with the paper or your body.
3. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
4. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
Complete Part II and the Reflections and Conclusions in your Student Journal.
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Energy TransformationsForce, Motion, and Energy
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Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continuedStation Procedures, continued
Two Diagrams of Natural Settings
(iÿ_ . Observe the first illustration set of sunlight being transferred to a plant and thenthe plant shown again after time passes.
2. What is the energy source in the Diagram #1 system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in the Diagram #1 system? What transformation of energy can beobserved? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
• Observe the second illustration set of the deer eating the plant and then the deer',ÿ shown again running.
5. What is the energy source in the Diagram #2 system? What is the energy form of the source?
6. What is the energy receiver in this Diagram #2 system? What transformation of energy can beobserved? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
Complete Part II and the Reflections and Conclusions in your Student Journal.
Part II1: Implement Your Investigation,continued Analyze Your Data
,
g,
10.
Use your data from any station of the investigation to support the Law of Conservation ofEnergy: Energy cannot be created or ;troyed it can only change form.
Use your data from the investigation to support the following statement: In energytransformations, energy decreases in some parts of the system, and increases in other parts,but the total amount of energyremains the same. .4
7 ''" ............ °P L -"
Identify the energy transformations occurring in the following situations. /A. A hot oven ÿ /ÿ &ÿ to 7ÿ"/'ÿ ÿÿ' ÿ" ÿ,t ÿ,,,ÿ;'ÿ
B. Aburning match C ÿ[ÿ,'H to -Fÿ ÿ" r-,ÿ and ÿ'.,'ÿ Jÿfÿ
C. Playing a guitar to S U ÿ ÿ,- ÿiÿ.. /D. Melting snow to "T'C ÿ- ¢ ÿ'ÿ cÿLE. Exploding fireworks ÿ, ÿ,'I ÿ ÿ-ÿ to jOc/ÿLÿ/ and ÿ¢,;,...,I and /_ k ÿ;ÿ.ÿ.ÿ
11. The illustration below shows a wind turbine system. Identify the energy transformations thatare occurring in the wind turbine system.
WIND TURBINE SYSTEM
1 4Wind Enersy moves throushturns blades power lines
