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Foreign PolicyForeign Policy – a nation’s plan for dealing with
other nations.GOALS OF FOREIGN POLICY:1. National Security – the ability to keep the
country safe. - the primary goal of foreign policy
The US spends over $540 Billion dollars per year on national security.
Goals of Foreign Policy2. International Trade: creates markets for
American products and jobs for Americans.- Must have for economic prosperity
3. Promoting World Peace: keeping others at peace keeps the US at peace.
- war endangers trade/national security4. Promote Democracy/Basic human rights
- encourages peace
Foreign Policy BureaucraciesState DepartmentDefense DepartmentCentral Intelligence AgencyNational Security Council
President’s Daily Brief: The world’s most current intelligence information is provided to the President for making decisions.
5 Tools of Foreign Policy1. Creating Treaties/Executive Agreements:Treaty – formal agreement between governments
of two or more countries.- must be approved by Senate (2/3 vote)
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): - defense treaty between Europe, Canada, and US
Executive Agreement – agreement between the President and another country’s leader.- bypasses Senate, but temporary.
Tools of Foreign Policy2. Appointing AmbassadorsAmbassador – official representative of a
country’s government.- President appoints 150, must be Senate approved- appointed only to countries that the US recognizes/accepts
3. Foreign AidMoney or food, military assistance, or other
supplies to help countries.Example: Marshall Plan after WWII
Tools of Foreign Policy4. International TradeThe President makes trade rules and
agreements with other countries.Trade Sanctions – punish other countries by
imposing trade barriers. (Not Very Effective)Embargo – agreement by a group of nations
prohibiting trade with a target nation. (ex. Cuba)
5. Military ForceA powerful tool of foreign policy, but must be
used with care.
Constitutional PowersThe Constitution gives the President the power
to:-Veto bills passed in Congress-Serve as commander in chief of armed forces-Make treaties w/ Senate approval-Pardon convicted criminals-Appoint heads of federal: Agencies, court
judges, and other government officials. (w/ Senate approval)
Roles of the President1. Chief Executive – most important
- carry out laws passed by congress- delegates power to federal departments.- Executive Order – rule or command from the President that has the force of law.
(Constitutional Authority: “take care that the laws are faithfully executed.”)
Roles of the President2. Chief Diplomat
- directs the foreign policy of the U.S.3. Commander in Chief
- Shares power to make war w/ Congress- War Powers Resolution – President must notify congress within 48 hours when troops are sent into battle- troops must return in 60 days unless Congress gives approval
Roles of the President4. Legislative leader
-Every President has a legislative program-Most of the bills congress considers come from the executive branch.
5. Head of State-Symbolic, greets foreign diplomats, ceremonies.
Roles of the President6. Economic Leader
-plans the federal budget7. Party Leader
-gives speeches to help other party members running for office-helps raise money