Foreign Trade and Information Systems - Analysis Report

7/31/2019 Foreign Trade and Information Systems - Analysis Report

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Report Submitted To: Professor Ashim Raj Singla

Indian Institute of Foreign Trade

New Delhi

Report Submitted By: Naveen Kumar, Roll No 27, PGDIBS 2011 -12& Ajay Kumar Jha, Roll No 05, PGDIBS 2011-12

Submitted on : 29 May, 2012

Foreign TradeandInformation Systems


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Table of Contents

Information Technology and International Trade ........................ 2

1. Report Summary ................................................................. 2

2. Introduction .......................................................................... 2

3. International Trade and the Need for an IT Solution ........... 2

4. Detailed Discussion ............................................................. 7

5. Usages of Information Systems in foreign trade transactionin India ...................................................................................... 7

6. Analysis and Findings ....................................................... 18

7. Conclusion ......................................................................... 21

8. References: ....................................................................... 22


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

1. REPORT SUMMARY

International Tradeis exchange of capital goods, and services across international borders orterritories. The purchase or sale of goods between two or more countries requires theconnection and use of a complex set of service operations. This report summarizes therequirements for international trade and outlines how the applications of various Informationsystems enhance and facilitate foreign trade operations, execution and procedural mechanism.

2. INTRODUCTION

In 2001, international trade transactions accounted for a market of more than $40 trillion. In

simplest terms, international transactions are defined as the processes and physical actions

required to convey ownership of goods between sellers and buyers who reside in different

countries. These actions and processes, however, are anything but simple.

Due to the lack of a standardized international electronic system, exchanging even the simplestof everyday items between nations requires a highly complex set of operations that involve

multiple companies and organizations all within a framework of different languages, currencies

and trade laws. As a result, international transactions today are extremely lengthy, highly

expensive, and often lack security.

Report presents how Information systems offer critically important benefits to international

buyers and sellers: simplification, security and savings of both time and money.

3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE NEED FOR AN IT SOLUTION

In the early 1990s, DE technologies founder Ed Pool grew frustrated by the significant

challenges his small business faced when trying to put together international trade deals in

Russia. Such transactions required a complex set of service operations, including ordering the

goods, transporting the goods between buyer and seller, guaranteeing payment, insuring the

goods in case of loss or damage, and preparing and filing the appropriate documents with

governments, carriers and banks.

By the time the overwhelming amount of information required to give pricing quotation was

collected, currency rates had changed and the entire process had to start over. Mr. Pool

estimates 1000s of man-hours were lost in that volatile and hyper inflating environment.

Ten years later, this complexity has not changed and despite the rise of the Internet, a

standardized electronic system for international trade still does not exist. Internationaltransactions continue to require a multitude of complicated steps, processes and documents,

including:

Purchase orders

Pro forma invoices

Commercial invoices

Letters of credit


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Ocean and airway bills of lading

Calculation of air, sea and land transportation costs

Applicable taxes

Import/export duties

Shipping tariffs

Transfers of ownership License/handling fees

Currency conversion

Language translation

Evidence of ownership

Government regulatory compliance

This complex and antiquated system has created a layering of vertical service industries

representing billions of dollars in wasted resources and time inefficiencies, and presents major,

if not impossible, barriers for many individuals and businesses. Overall, a typical international

transaction including service, carriage and payments fees - can cost between 5 and 40percent of the total transaction cost and requires 20 or more forms and 60 days to complete.

Historically, information technology has played at best a small and fragmented role in

international transactions. To achieve real-time, secure, efficient and profitable transactions,

todays global trade market requires a comprehensive software and information dissemination

service. DE Technologies has met this need with the creation of the worlds first standardized

international trade platform, BOES

Applying Information Technology to International Trade: The Patented BOES System

E-commerce offers a unique ability to reduce the current complexities of international trade

down to the most basic functions required to maintain supply chain distribution. Computer-to-computer operations will allow a shift in the control of product distribution to move to the

appropriate organization the original producer.

A fully integrated, complex software system used to export or import goods between countries,

the patented BOES system is the first single, integrated process to electronically manage an

international trade transaction. BOES allows merchants to conduct a seamless international

transaction by creating and filing the necessary electronic documents (in any language or

currency); monitoring and tracking all transaction steps; calculating all applicable freight costs,

taxes and duties; and even performing sophisticated financial arrangements. In total, the

patented BOES system can reduce the costs associated with an international transaction by as

much as 30 percent.

BOES enables multi-national businesses and entrepreneurs to export and import products from

any country via the Internet or Intranets. The economic efficiencies of this patented business-

to-business (B2B) and consumer-to-consumer (B2C) technology also allows small and medium-

size companies to effectively compete in the international marketplace and significantly expand

their market share.


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The following example of a typical automobile transaction clearly demonstrates the complexity

that a buyer or seller or combination of the two must go through in order to successfully execute

the transaction, as well as the efficiencies that can be realized through an e-commerce solution.

This example is for illustration purposes only and does vary depending upon the country of

origin and country of importation.

Step Item description TraditionalE-com direct to

consumer

1 Price FOB factory $15,000.00 $15,000.00

2 Loading and Handling 150.00 150.00

3 Destination Insurance 25.00 25.00

4 Destination Freight 450.00

5 Cost FOB Dealer Location 15,625.00

6 Dealer Markup 3,000.00

7 Dealer Preparation 250.00

8 Price FOB Dealer Location 18,875.00

9 Transport and Insurance to Exporters Location 125.00

10 Price FOB Exporters Location 19,000.00

11 Exporter Markup 2,000.00

12 Export Preparation 500.00 500.00

13 Export Packaging, 20" containerized 1,500.00 1,500.00

14 Title Documents preparation, SED etc. 75.00 75.00

15 Freight Forwarder and documentation fees 200.00 35.00

16 Price Ex-works, Exporters Location (EXW) $23,275.00 $17,285.00

17 Inland Freight to Port of Norfolk, VA 450.00 450.00

18 Insurance on EXW value to transport to pier. 75.00 75.00


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19 Price Free Carrier Port of Norfolk, VA (FCA) 23,800.00 17,810.00

20 Gate Charges 25.00 25.00

21 Port Charges 150.00 150.00

22 Warfage 200.00 200.00

23 Stevedoring transport to alongside vessel 75.00 75.00

24 Price - Free Alongside Ship, Norfolk, VA (FAS) 24,250.00 18,260.00

25 Cargo Loading and Securing 100.00 100.00

26 Extra Length charges N/A

27 Heavy Lift Charges N/A

28 Price (FOB Vessel) 24,350.00 18,360.00

29 Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF) 0.125% SED 29.00 22.00

30 Ocean Carriage Charges 750.00 750.00

31 Bunker Surcharges 50.00 50.00

32 War Risk Surcharges N/A

33 Cost and Freight Rotterdam (C&F) 25,179.00 19,182.00

34 Ocean Transport insurance 110% C&F Value 50.00 50.00

35 Cost, Insurance and Freight Rotterdam (CIF) 25,229.00 19,232.00

36 Port of Rotterdam Charges 75.00 75.00

37 Pier Off Loading Charges 150.00 150.00

38 Stevedoring and Terminal Transport 75.00 75.00

39 Pre-import Clearance Warehousing 100.00 100.00

40 Delivered Duty Unpaid Rotterdam, (DDU) 25,629.00 19,632.00

41 Import duties based of Tariff Classification of Goods, 2,562.00 1,919.00


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class 8703.21.10 (conventional) = 10.0%

42Delivered Duty Paid, VAT unpaid, Luxury Tax

Unpaid28,191.00 21,551.00

43 Value Added Tax (VAT) 17.5% of DDU plus ImportDuties

4,933.00 3,765.00

44 Luxury Tax, 7% of DDP 1,973.00 1,506.00

45 Delivered Duty Paid Rotterdam (DDP) 35,097.00 26,822.00

46 Inland Freight and Handling to buyers location 600.00 600.00

47 Price FOB buyers location (FOB) 35,697.00 27,422.00

48 BOES system data base price in U.S. Dollars $ 35,697.00 $ 27,422.00

49System price shown to buyer in Euros + 2% hedge

factor 37.074,00 28.480,00

BUYERS TRANSACTION COSTS

A30 days lost interest in Letter of Credit Account at

10% rate of return per annum. 3570/12298

A3 days lost interest in Letter of Credit Account at

10% rate of return per annum 2742/365*323

BLetter Credit Cost at 3.0%

35,697 x 0.031071

BLetter of Credit Cost "Digital" at 0.9%

27,422.00 x 0.009247

SELLERS INTEREST PENALTY OR LOSS

AEstimated earned interest loss including profit

Based on 10% interest bearing account.3570/12298


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AEstimated earned interest loss including profit

Based on 10% interest bearing account 2742/365*323

Total Transactional Costs to All Parties 38.044,00 EUR or

$ 37,364.00 USD

Total E-Transactional Costs to All Parties 28.219,00 EUR or

$ 27,715.00 USD

4. DETAILED DISCUSSION

There was a time when only a few corporations, governments and institutions had the resources

to access and compile the world trade data. The sheer volume of information available from

multiple sources quickly became overwhelming and often fraught with inaccuracies. It was

nearly impossible for marketers to obtain a valid perspective from trade data to analyze world

competitors, find target markets and identify potential markets for diversification. The data

existed: it just didntexist in an intelligent and easy-to-use format.

With the globalization of world markets, trade data analysis became increasingly important to

develop an understanding of world trade.

With this perspective and background, let us discuss the usage of Information systems in

foreign trade perspective in Indian context.

5. USAGES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOREIGN TRADE TRANSACTION IN INDIA

National Centre for Trade Information(NCTI) was set up in 1995 under the aegis of Ministry of

Commerce with a view to create an institutional mechanism for collection and dissemination of

trade data and improving Business information services to the business community, especially

small and medium enterprises. NCTIis a Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India recognized

Trade Point-India under World Trade Point Federation (WTPF) initiated through the Trade

Efficiency Programme of United Nations Conference on Trade & Development (UNCTAD).

NCTIis the only Operational Trade Point in India and is also the recognized Focal Point of

TRade Analysis and INformation System (TRAINS) ofUNTPDC.

Foreign Trade involves a lot of trade documents and Electronic Data Interchange supports

paperless transfer of documentation and data amongst organizations through the use of

Computer networks.
http://ncti.gov.in/http://ncti.gov.in/http://ncti.gov.in/http://ncti.gov.in/http://ncti.gov.in/http://ncti.gov.in/


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Advantages of EDI:

1. Reduction in documentation costs

2. Speed of execution

3. Most current database maintenance

4.Speedier and efficient movement of cargo

5.Cost reduction and savings6.Faster information flow

7.Improved accuracy

8.Reduced paperwork and intervention

ASYCUDA :

ASYCUDA is a computerized customs management system which covers most foreign tradeprocedures. The system handles manifests and customs declarations, accounting procedures,transit and suspense procedures.

ASYCUDA generates trade data that can be used for statistical economic analysis.

The ASYCUDA software is developed in Geneva by UNCTAD. It operates on micro in a clientserver environment under UNIX and DOS operating systems and RDBMS Software. In 2004,there were more than 150 operational project with expenditures exceeding 7 million US $. It isthe largest technical corporation programme of UNCTAD covering 80 countries and 4 regionalprojects.

Currently there are three different generations of ASYCADA in use: ASYCUDA 2.7,ASYCUDA++ and ASYCUDA World.

ASYCUDA takes into account the international codes and standards developed by ISO

(International Organization for Standardization), WCO (World Customs Organization) and theUnited Nations.

ASYCUDA can be configured to suit the national characteristics of individual Customs regimes,National Tariff, and legislation.

ASYCUDA provides for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) between traders and Customs usingEDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport) rules.


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EDI Links ups:

A country implanting EDI reduces time at warehouses, docks and airports and save tremendouscosts. A successful EDI links up to

Customs Port and Rail Authorities Telecommunications Insurance Banks Other statutory bodies Port Operators (container terminals) Shipping lines Customs brokers / forwarders Road transport companies Importers / Exporters


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Indian Custom EDI System (ICES)

Objectives:

The main objectives set for Indian Customs EDI System by the Customs were:

Respond more quickly to the needs of the trade Computerization of customs related functions including import/export, general manifest

control, ex-bond clearance of warehoused goods, goods imported against exportpromotion schemes, monitoring of export promotion schemes.

Reduce interaction of the trade with Government agencies Provide retrieval of information from other custom locations to have uniformity in

assessment and valuation Provide management information system for policy making and its effective revenue and

pendency monitoring and

Provide quick and correct information on import/export statistics to Director General ofCommercial Intelligence and Statistics

The guiding principles for the officials of Customs and National Informatics Centre whiledesigning the ICES system were:

Facilitation: While ensuring proper enforcement of Customs laws and regulations, CustomsAdministration should strive to improve facilitation of Customs clearance procedures.

Accountability: Customs Administration should be accountable for their actions through atransparentand easily accessible process of Administration and/or judicial review.

Consistency: Customs laws, regulations, administrative guidelines and procedures should beapplied in a uniform manner.

Transparency: Customs laws, regulations, administrative guidelines and procedures should bepublicly available in a prompt and easily accessible manner.

Simplification: Customs laws, regulations, administrative guidelines and procedures should besimplified to the extent possible so that Customs clearance can proceed without undue burden.

Overview

The objective was to roll out systems and processes that improve the way the business isconducted.

ICES system is not only a technology solution but it transformed the way business was done.

ICES comprises of two main sub systems namely, India Customs EDI system/Imports (ICES/I)and Indian Customs EDI System/Export (ICES/E).ICES/I for processing of Bill of Entry andICES/E for processing of Shipping Bills.


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The Exporters, Importers and Custom House Agents (CHAs) transmit Bills of Entry, ShippingBills and other related documents such as Invoice, Packing List over dial-up links to the NICNETEDI Server which, in turn, submit them to Customs computer system for clearance. The tradingcommunity is not required to travel physically to the Custom House for submitting thedocuments except at the last stage for physical examination of goods, and for taking delivery.

The Custom House Agents use the Remote EDI System (RES) which is a standalone softwarepackage for preparation of Bill of Entry and Shipping Bills and other related documents. It hasbeen developed by NIC as part of Indian Customs EDI System. The documents transmittedelectronically over NICNET are submitted to Customs Computer System for further processing.

ICES/I consist of the following main modules:

Import General Manifest Bonds Service Centre

License Appraising Baggage Audit Systems Manager Assistant Commissioner MIS Cash Ex-Bond Examination Transshipment DEPB/DEEC/100% EOU Import General Manifest

ICES/E consist the following modules:

Service Centre Examination Duty Drawback Assistant Commissioner Additional Commissioner Preventive Officer License

Export General Manifest Systems Manager MIS

Main features of the system are:


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SecurityICES provides for security at all levels of access to the system. At the Service Centre. Securityfeatures are implemented at module level. System keeps track of any transaction carried by anuser.

Help

System includes powerful help features which can be invoked by the Assessing Officers fromtheir respective screens to facilitate their assessment work.

Management and ControlICES allows the Collector to find out the status of any document in the system. ControllingOfficers can monitor the progress of the Customs Officers in processing the documents andprovide help in expedite the process. Number of documents cleared at each stage can also bemonitored.

BenefitsImproved customs clearance and inspection procedures are generating faster, more certainand, ultimately, less costly trade transactions.

Computerization of customs procedures resulted in time and cost savings due to the reducedneed to prepare, handle, store and deliver customs documentation.

Improvements in communications, access to information and the transparency of customsprocesses and appeals increased the level of certainty and fairness.

A good compliance track record resulted in faster clearance and less intrusive verificationtechniques.

Importers know the amount of duties and taxes owing as a result of the clear and consistentrules. More efficient clearance will produce time and cost savings and provide the certaintyrequired to exploit modern business practices such as just-in-time inventory.

Exporters benefited from having similar customs rules and procedures apply across theinternational market, thus increasing market access opportunities, while reducing costs andcomplexity.

Customs Brokers have the opportunity to refocus their services from dealing with forms andcomplexity to using their expertise and knowledge to bring a new range of professional servicesto clients operating in an expanding and evolving trade market.

Carriers benefit from faster service, lower costs and the ability to use their equipment to itsutmost capacity rather than having it delayed at Customs.

Operations

Fully automated process with little or no intervention by either party providing a virtual on-linescenario


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Declarations can be accepted round the clock automatically, resulting in maximum productivity

Quicker retrieval of cargo through reduction of clearance times

Reduction in manual administrative processes resulting in fewer errors and no duplication

Harmonized business relationships with other bodies such as Ports, DGFT, Airlines, ContainerDepots etc.

Time Saving

Notification of releases are speeded up as a result of the electronic releases being generatedautomatically

No capturing of the release required by the client

Communication errors reported and communicated electronically to client

Data Accuracy

Electronic messaging has the proven advantage of minimizing data capture which in turnensures less errors and quicker releases

The accuracy of data received can be incorporated into clients Track and Trace

Cost Effectiveness

Cost on processing the documents has come down drastically.

Security and Risk Management

Security is very vital when submitting information electronically. To compound this basicassumption, the risks of diminished value in the real world are nothing compared to the risks ofloss in the virtual world.

Customs in particular face issues such as fraud and theft in their standard business practice andthey realize the need for a secure system.

Scheduled auditing practices within the system ensured that to ensure that security is beingimplemented effectively customs have made sure that the security requirements. The client canbe sure that their message information will not be tampered with.

Cargo Handling

Electronic clearances provide quicker cargo releases, resulting in more efficient deliveries


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TechnicalIndian Customs EDI system is developed for better management of Custom Activities. Theexisting processes were analyzed in depth for re-engineering and improvement. The mainachievements of the system are simplified and harmonized procedures which has not onlyprovided efficient and reliable environment to the customs but also to the business communitiesand other agencies involved in the trade. The business processes of the customs and thetrading partners along with their boundaries and interfaces were analyzed in depth andreengineered from the viewpoint of

higher efficiencyCustomer satisfactionLower CostFacilitationLower inventory levelReduced turnaround time

The main objectives while re-engineering the procedures were:

All the agencies of the government should present a single face to the user

Data once captured should be available for all the government agencies

The Importer/Exporter or their agent should interact with only one agency

Gradual transition from scrutiny of paper documents

System Appraisal for select import goods

Minimized export appraisement

Examination waiver - Green Channel

Electronic credit of drawback

Reduced documentation for export cargo

The Indian Customs EDI application is running on Sun Solaris Operating System (V.2.5/2.6) andthe database is Oracle (V.7.1/7.3). Each Customs station have stand-alone servers for runningthe ICES application. The data at present is locally stored on these servers.Functional

A. Document Preparation and submission

Indian Customs EDI System can accept the documents from the trading partners in the

Electronic Format. The documents can be prepared and submitted using either the


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Electronic Data Interchange or Service Centre. The Importers/Exporters and Custom House

agents can use the Graphical User Interface based package Remote EDI System

implemented using Visual Basic/Oracle 8 from their offices to create the documents in the

desired format and then transmitting them over the Internet using the secure server of NIC

for submission at customs house for further processing.

The document received over the Internet at Custom house is then loaded to the ICES after

the proper validation checks.

Importers/Exporters and CHAs who do not have access to Internet can get their documents

electronically prepared and submitted for further processing at the Service Centre. The

Service Centre module of NIC running on powerful Sun machine under Oracle 7.0 allows

entry of data, modifications and submission.

The data entered through EDI or Service Centre gets validated before their storage into

ICES. If errors are found, the same are reported to the Importer/Exporter/CHA through EDI

or at the Service Centre.

B. Indian Customs EDI System

Documents once entered and submitted are then reviewed by different officers of the

Custom House at various stages of processing and final clearance is accorded on the

computer system after all the formalities are over for physical examination of the goods at

the Sheds. ICES keeps track of the officers who have handled the documents at various

stages of processing. The trail of the processing cycle is available to superior officers at any

time. The CHA, in turn, can enquire about the status of his documents from his own system.

He can view any memo or objections on his documents as they are posted in the system.

Indian Customs EDI System:

Imports

The Bill of Entry is to be filed through the Service Center by the Importer/CHA, who has to


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submit the signed declaration in a prescribed format along with copy of Invoice and Packing List

if filed through Service Centre. The document can also be filed through the Remote EDI

System.

After the data entry at the service center, a "Check List" is generated which is to be verified by

the Importer/CHA and corrected in case any error is detected and the signed "Check List" is tobe submitted in the Service Center. In case of RES, the system validates the data and if errors

are found, a message is sent back to the party. If the data passes the check, system accepts

the data and an acknowledgment is sent to the Importer/CHA.

The Bill of Entry then appears in the screen of the respective Group Appraiser. The Group

Appraiser then assesses the Bill of Entry on the system and marks it to the Audit Appraiser.

After the Audit is complete, the Bill of Entry appears in the screen of the concerned Group

Assistant Commissioner. After the assessment is approved by the Asstt. Commissioner

concerned, TR-6 is printed at the Service Center for payment of duty. The Examination Order is

also printed along with the TR-6 Challan.

If the Appraiser does not agree with the importer regarding tariff classification / notification /

declared value etc., he can raise a query in this regard. The Importer/CHA has to enquire at the

Service Center whether there is any query in respect of their Bill of Entry and should reply to the

same through the Service Center if there is any.

The duty is to be paid through the designated bank.

After payment of the Duty, the Bank enters the same into the system at a terminal at their end.

Then the Bill of Entry appears on the screen of the Appraiser (Docks). The Importer/CHA should

present a copy of the B/E along with duty paid challan and other documents including invoice,packing list etc. at the time of examination of the goods.

The Shed Appraiser shall examine the goods and enter the examination report in the system.

After the examination of the goods is complete, the Appraiser (Docks) would give the "Out of

Charge" order on the system. Thereafter, the system will print two copies of B/E for the importer

and the Exchange Control Copies.

In case of any discrepancy found in the docks with respect to the goods, the same is reported to

the respective Group through the system with the comments of the Dock Officers. On the basis

of the examination report and the comments of the dock officers, the Group may revise the

assessment or may raise a query.

Indian Customs EDI System : Exporters (ICES/E)Before filing any Export Shipping Bill, all exporters and CHAs are required to register with theCustoms EDI System their IEC Code No., CHA License No. and Authorized Dealer Code No. ofthe Bank through which export proceeds are to be realized.

Those intending to file the Shipping Bill will have to present at the Service Center a declaration


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in the prescribed format signed by the exporter or his authorized CHA alongwith the copy ofInvoice and Packing List.

After the data entry at the service center has been done, a "Check List" will be generated andhanded over to the CHA/Exporter who should verify the correctness of the data entered. If anyerror/mistake is detected by the CHA/Exporter in the data, they should inform the Service

Center operators who will make the corresponding correction in the data accordingly.

After the correct data has been entered into the system, the Shipping Bills shall be processedautomatically by the System on the basis of the declaration made by the Exporters. However,the following categories of Shipping Bill are assessed by the Assistant Commissioner (Export):

(a) Shipping Bills where the FOB value is more than Rs. 10 Lakhs.

(b) Shipping Bills relating to free trade samples whose value is more than Rs.20,000/-(c) Drawback Shipping Bills where drawback amount is more than Rs. 1 Lakh.

The status of the Shipping Bill can be checked by the Exporter/CHA at the Service Center.

They should also check whether any query has been raised in respect of their Shipping Bill.

In case of any query, they should file a reply to the query through the Service Center.

During examination of the goods at the docks, the CHA/Exporter has to present the Check

List along with all original documents such as Invoice, Packing List etc. to the Customs

Officer. "Let Export" order will be given by the Appraiser if everything is found to be in order

after examination of the goods and scrutiny of the documents.

After the "Let Export" order is given, the printout of the Shipping Bill is generated. Theexamination report printed on the Shipping Bill is to be signed by the Appraiser, Examiner aswell as the CHA/Exporter. The name and License No. of the CHA should be clearly mentioned

below his signature.

CommunityAs mentioned, the main objective of introduction of EDI in International trade was to move

away from customs controls to trade facilitation. Number of parties, most of which are

government agencies, are involved in a trade transaction. NIC submitted a re-engineering

proposal in 1998 to the Customs, which is subsequently implemented. The main features of

the system are:

Integration of the agencies involved in a trade transaction.

All the agencies presenting single face to the customer

Customer interact with only one agency as far as possible

Data once captured made available to other agencies.

This has been achieved primarily by re-engineering the processes of these regulatory

agencies involved. The internal functions of these agencies are automated and are made


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EDI capable. The inter-agency data files are automatically transferred and received by the

system and act upon the messages received and the response messages are generated.

The main agencies other than Custom House and CHA/Importer/Exporter integrated into theCustoms EDI Community System are

Directorate General of Foreign Trade Airport Authority of India

Apparel Export Promotion Council Export Promotion Council(EPC)/Commodity Board

Airlines

Port Authorities Shipping Lines and Shipping Agents

Inland Container Depots

Container Freight Stations

Banks

6. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

In International trade, value and benefits provided by Information Systems are very significant

and as Information Technology provides concurrent support and speedy execution which is

hardly possible by any other means. For this reasons, countries are making more and more

applications using IT to facilitate and coordinate Foreign Trade operations.

Links

International Global Governmental Organizations

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna

and Flora (CITES)

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
http://www.cites.org/http://www.cites.org/http://www.cites.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.oecd.org/http://www.oecd.org/http://www.opcw.org/http://www.opcw.org/http://www.opcw.org/http://www.oecd.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.cites.org/http://www.cites.org/


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United Nations Home Page

Other United Nations Agency Web Sites

The World Bank

World Trade Organization (WTO)

World Customs Organization (WCO)

International Regional Governmental Organizations

Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC)

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

ASEAN Customs for Business

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

European Union Home Page

European Union site related to customs

The Southern African Development Community (SADC)
http://www.un.org/http://www.un.org/http://www.asycuda.org/links.asp#unlinkshttp://www.asycuda.org/links.asp#unlinkshttp://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.wto.org/http://www.wto.org/http://www.wcoomd.org/http://www.wcoomd.org/http://www.apec.org/http://www.apec.org/http://www.aseansec.org/http://www.aseansec.org/http://www.aseansec.org/19950.htmhttp://www.aseansec.org/19950.htmhttp://www.comesa.int/http://www.comesa.int/http://europa.eu/http://europa.eu/http://europa.eu/pol/cust/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/pol/cust/index_en.htmhttp://www.sadc.int/http://www.sadc.int/http://www.sadc.int/http://europa.eu/pol/cust/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/http://www.comesa.int/http://www.aseansec.org/19950.htmhttp://www.aseansec.org/http://www.apec.org/http://www.wcoomd.org/http://www.wto.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.asycuda.org/links.asp#unlinkshttp://www.un.org/


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Other International Organizations

International Airline Transport Association (IATA)

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

International Federation of Customs Brokers

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Transparency International

International Road Transport Union

United Nations Web Sites

Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA)

Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
http://www.iata.org/http://www.iata.org/http://www.iccwbo.org/http://www.iccwbo.org/http://www.ifcba.org/http://www.ifcba.org/http://www.iso.org/http://www.iso.org/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.iru.org/http://www.iru.org/http://www.asycuda.org/http://www.asycuda.org/http://www.unctad.org/http://www.unctad.org/http://www.unodc.org/http://www.unodc.org/http://www.unece.org/http://www.unece.org/http://www.iaea.org/http://www.iaea.org/http://www.icao.int/http://www.icao.int/http://www.iru.org/http://www.icao.int/http://www.iaea.org/http://www.unece.org/http://www.unodc.org/http://www.unctad.org/http://www.asycuda.org/http://www.iru.org/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.iso.org/http://www.ifcba.org/http://www.iccwbo.org/http://www.iata.org/


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International Maritime Organization (IMO)

World Trade Point Federation

United Nations Standards for Trade and Electronic Business

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

7. CONCLUSION

Since information exchange is the backbone of international transactions, computerized

management of the process will dramatically increase transaction efficiency, reduce transaction

costs, and enhance material tracking capabilities industry wide. Human error and other

associated risks involved in international transactions can be more effectively managed with

computerized systems. Monetary transfers that in the past required weeks or months to

complete can be executed in seconds. Cost savings will be passed on to both sellers and

buyers in the form of lowered transaction and purchasing costs, allowing for greater profitability.

Finally, documentary evidence collection will be greatly expedited and record-keeping volume

will be reduced from physical warehouse files to computer storage media

The application of information systems in foreign trade transactions offers the huge potential for

economic growth of unparalleled proportions.
http://www.imo.org/http://www.imo.org/http://www.tradepoint.org/http://www.tradepoint.org/http://www.unece.org/cefacthttp://www.unece.org/cefacthttp://www.upu.int/http://www.upu.int/http://www.upu.int/http://www.unece.org/cefacthttp://www.tradepoint.org/http://www.imo.org/


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8. REFERENCES:

1.http://www.ncti-india.com/

2.www.gtis.com

3. Paper on Information Technology and International Trade bywww.detechnologies.com

4.http://www.asycuda.org/

5.http://ices.nic.in/Ices

6. www.cbec.gov.in

7. www.aces.gov.in

8. www.nacen.gov.in

9. www.ltu.gov.in

10.www.finmin.nic.in

End of Report
http://www.ncti-india.com/http://www.ncti-india.com/http://www.ncti-india.com/http://www.gtis.com/http://www.gtis.com/http://www.gtis.com/http://www.detechnologies.com/http://www.detechnologies.com/http://ices.nic.in/http://ices.nic.in/http://www.cbec.gov.in/http://www.aces.gov.in/http://www.nacen.gov.in/index.asphttp://www.ltu.gov.in10./http://www.ltu.gov.in10./http://www.finmin.nic.in/http://www.finmin.nic.in/http://www.finmin.nic.in/http://www.ltu.gov.in10./http://www.ltu.gov.in10./http://www.ltu.gov.in10./http://www.nacen.gov.in/index.asphttp://www.aces.gov.in/http://www.cbec.gov.in/http://ices.nic.in/http://www.detechnologies.com/http://www.gtis.com/http://www.ncti-india.com/

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