FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGYFORENSIC ENTOMOLOGYForensic EntomologyThe study of insects and their relationship to time of death.

commonly called upon to determine the postmortem interval or "time since death" in homicide investigations.

Entomologybased on the age of the insect present"Time Since Colonization"number of different techniquesspecies successionlarval weight larval lengthaccumulated degree hour technique

Accumulated Degree HoursTechnique used to determine Eclosion period of time it takes an insect to hatch from a fresh egg.

Eclosion times have been tabulated to complete this development in various insect species.

In a blow fly, this time has been determined to be 21.2 hours

ADH = Temperature in C x Eclosion of species

Accumulated Degree HourBased on a mean temperature of 20 degrees CFor a blow flyADH = 20 deg C x 21.2 hours

Average ADH = 424 degree hours for a blow fly to emerge from its egg

For a specific environmental temperature ADH is divided by the temperature

Calculating Eclosion using ADHFor a specific environmental temperature

Average ADH is divided by the temperature

At 25 degrees C 424 hours / 25 = 17 hours

Eclosion of a blow fly at 25 C = 17 hours

SERIAL KILLERS CASE STUDY 1 OCT 6Who is the most notorious serial killer to have never been brought to justice?

BackgroundJack the Ripper

Brutally murdered 5 women from Aug 31 to Nov 9 of 1888 in Whitechapel, London. Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes and Mary Jane Kelly

Following the 5th murder, the killings stopped as suddenly as they began.

The question remains: Who was Jack the Ripper?The VictimsEach new murder was more gruesome and violent than the previous one.All five women killed within 1/4 of a mile.

Who was Jack the Ripper?There are many theories about the true identity of Jack the Ripper, his actions, and behavior.

Lets discuss some of these theories now.Why did he kill?The Ripper TheoriesHe was a doctor, in the military, or a butcher.

He removed various organs and other body parts from his victims.

He was a psychopath.

They were revenge killings.

Jack the Ripper CASE STUDYJack the Ripper Part I

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9Brtq4nLOM

ADH ReviewEclosion for a black blow fly has been determined to be 23 hours. An average ADH for this insect is 424 degree hours.

What was the environmental temperature of the crime scene where these insects were collected?

Would you expect the temperature to higher or lower than 20 degrees C? WHY?ADH Review424 deg hours _____________ = Eclosion time Enviro Temp

Solve for Enviro Temp.

424 deg-hoursEnviro Temp = ____________ = 18.4 deg C 23 hours

Life Cycle of the Blow FlyBlow Flies are most commonly the first insects to infest a dead body.

Lay eggs around natural body orificesNoseEyesEarsAnusPenisVaginaOpen Wounds (Gun shot, Stab, Puncture wounds)Life Cycle Stages of a Blow FlyStages1. Egg

2 4. Larva

5. Pupa

6. Adult

Life Cycle1St Stage Eggs

2Nd Stage First Stage Larva hatch from eggsMaggots feed on dead tissue.

3rd Stage Second Stage Larva Molts from first stage larva

4th Stage Third Stage Larva Molts from second stage larvaMasses of third stage maggots produce enough thermal energy to increase ambient temperature up to 10 deg CLife Cycle5th Stage Third stage Larva molts into Pupa

6th Stage Pupa develops into adult fly

Approximately 2 weeks from egg to adult

Depends on species and environmental conditionsTemperature/Exposure/Humidity

Oct 8The Diary of Jack the Ripper Part II

Complete the question set.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNXTWtcsAnUDecomposition of a BodyInsects will immediately colonize a body.Bacteria, Fungi, and animalsDepends upon where the body is locatedEnvironmental conditionsSome insects thrive in the sun vs. shady conditions

Also dependent upon stage of decompositionBeetles will consume bone and cartilage

Leakage of body fluids will lead to the disappearance of some insects and the appearance of others.

Stages of Decomposition1. Fresh Stage blow fliesAnts2. Bloated Stage putrefaction beginsRove beetles and Carrion beetles3. Active Decay StageMaggots feed around natural orifices of body4. Advanced Decay StageBeetles5. Dry StageCentipedes, millipedes, cockroachesStages of Decomposition1.4.

2.5.

3.

AGENDA OCT 14Objective: Describe the steps used to collect insects from a crime scene.

1. Question of the Day2. Hand in Missing Children Summary3. Collection of Insects and Applications4. Jack the Ripper Case StudyThe Body Farm - Decompositionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_SiqND9bNA

Decomposition of a Pighttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1CD6gNmhr0Investigation and Collection of Insects from a Body1. Look at fauna and test soil to see if body has been moved.

2. Collect specimens from different areas of the body, clothing, surrounding environment (indoor/outdoor)

3. Collect 100 maggots

4. Collect pupae from body, clothing, hair, soil

5. Collect empty pupal cases from body, clothing, and surroundingsInvestigation and Collection of Insects from a Body6. Collect adult flies

7. Collect beetles

8. Collect any other insects at scene

9. Collect leaf litter near remains of body if outdoors (enough to fill a coffee can).

10. Place all insects in vials with foodLabeling and ExclusionsKeep insects collected from different parts of the body separate from one another.

Insects would not be present if the body is wrapped in plastic, buried deep underground, and frozen or freezing temperature/conditionsGeneral ApplicationsDetection of abuse in childrenNeglect in the elderlyAutomobile/Aircraft accident studiesInterpretation of blood spatter patternsDetermination of time of deathRecovery of human blood from digestive tractToxicological analysis28Diary of Jack the Ripper Part IIPay careful attention to the timeline of events and the evidence presented to you.

Complete the question set.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNXTWtcsAnUAccident and Criminal InvestigationsInsects theorized to be within the top 20 causes of automobile accidents What evidence would support this statement?Consider an automobile accident.

Examination of the fragmented remains of insects that have impacted and lodged onto the front fascia, windshield, and radiator of automobiles. Yields evidence to the probable path of an automobile through particular areasPinpointing the location and areas of travel are of unique importance in some investigations

THE RIPPER DIARY Part 3Jack the Ripper Part III

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytsal4gcwpATHE BODY FARMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCyiczAcRBY