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China’s Role in the Global Forest Sector: Future Demand and Supply of Timber and Forest Industry Products Hu Yanjie, Chinese Academy of Forestry Alicia Robbins, University of Washington John PerezGarcia, University of Washington Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway October 2013
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Page 1: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

China’s Role in the Global Forest Sector:  Future Demand and Supply of Timber and Forest Industry Products

Hu Yanjie, Chinese Academy of Forestry Alicia Robbins, University of Washington

John Perez‐Garcia, University of WashingtonForest Sector Modeling ConferenceLillehammer, NorwayOctober 2013

Page 2: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Expectations about China’s Role in the Global Forest Sector

Review of:

Demand and Supply of Tropical Wood Products in China Towards 2020.  Draft Report issued March, 2012  by Chinese Academy of ForestryDr. Hu Yanjie 收件人: "yanjie" <[email protected]>

US export statisticsNew Zealand export statisticsRussian export statistics

Modeling China’s Forest Sector with partial equilibrium model

Page 3: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Source: FAOSTAT

Softwood Lumber

-5.0-4.0

-3.0-2.0

-1.00.0

1.02.0

3.04.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Share of Consumption (%) in 2004 of 309 million m3

Aver

age

10 y

r. G

row

th R

ate

(%)

North Am

Japan

W. Europe

Oceania

Latin Am

AsiaChina

E. Europe

Africa

Market Share Changes: 2004 and 2011

285 MM m3 Consumption

Page 4: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Hardwood Lumber

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Share of Consumption (%) in 2004 of 106 million m3

Aver

age

10 y

r. G

row

th R

ate

(%)

North Am

Japan

W. Europe

Oceania

Latin Am

Asia China

E. Europe

Africa

Source: FAOSTAT117 MM m3 Consumption

Market Share Changes: 2004 and 2011

Page 5: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Source: FAOSTAT

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Gro

wth

Rat

e

Market Share

Wood-based Panels Production 2005

North America

Japan

Australian Region

Southeast AsiaAfrica

Europe

Latin America

IndiaMiddle East

Russia

China

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Gro

wth

Rat

e

Market Share

Wood-based Panels Production 2009

North America

JapanAustralian Region

Europe

Southeast Asia

Latin America

Russia

Africa

IndiaMiddle East

China

Page 6: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Source: FAOSTAT

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Gro

wth

Rat

e

Market Share

Plywood Production 2005

Southeast Asia

Africa North America

EuropeJapan

Australian Region

IndiaMiddle East

Latin AmericaRussia

China

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Gro

wth

Rat

e

Market Share

Plywood Production 2009

North AmericaJapan

Europe Southeast AsiaLatin America

Russia

Australian Region

IndiaMiddle East

China

Page 7: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

China Forest Products Ranking 2011

% Share Growth Rate Rank (out of 8)

Chips 13% 11% 2

Plywood 45% ‐5% 7

Sawlog C 6% 0% 7

Sawlog NC 8% 0% 6

Sawnwood C 35% 12% 1

Sawnwood NC 29% 20% 1

Veneers 24% 0% 5

Domestic Resource Deficit

Page 8: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Scatter diagram of prices and quantity for the period 1994 to 2010

$-

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

- 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 9 000

Uni

t Val

ue p

er m

3

Quantity (1000 m3)

China (Blue) and Japan (Red)

1994

1994

2007

2010

2007

2001

2010

Page 9: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Timber Usage

• Industrial timber is mainly consumed by five industries in China. – wood‐based panels, – wood pulp and paper‐making, – furniture, – roads, other infrastructure and building construction and 

– interior use and renovation in housing 

Page 10: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Average Annual Harvest Levels (MM m3)

National forest 

inventory

Timber Harvest Level

Cutting quota

Extra quota cutting

As% of cutting 

quota (%)The third

(1984‐1988) 277.60 243.60 34.00 14

The fourth(1989‐1993) 332.88 290.88 42.00 14

The fifth(1994‐1998) 353.28 266.48 86.79 32The sixth

(1999‐2003) 331.23 255.69 75.54 29The seventh(2004‐2008) 379.11 271.05 67.76* 25*

Data Source: CAF Report

Page 11: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Timber harvests:  379 MM m3Non‐industrial Use (Fuelwood): 76 MM m3 (20%)Industrial Uses: 303 MM m3 (80%)

Log Basis (.7): 212 MM m3Chips, residues: 97.09 MM m3Sawlogs: 115.13 MM m3

Consumptive uses of logs:  436 MM m3Wood‐based Panels:  270.4 MM m3

Small‐diameter logs ( < 8 cm), flakes, residues: 76.7 MM m3Industrial logs: 193.7 MM m3

Pulp: 66 MM m3Domestic pulp log consumption: 20 MM m3

Wood Furniture: 22 MM m3Panels (70%)Sawnwood (30%)

General Construction: 72 MM m330% of GDP50% share to wood‐based panels

Interior Use and Renovation: 52 MM m3Urban/Rural/Public floor space: 3 trillion m2 new space

Other: 30 MM m3IMPORTS: 436 – 212 = 214 MM m3

Data Source: CAF Report

Page 12: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

0

5 000 000

10 000 000

15 000 000

20 000 000

25 000 000

30 000 000

35 000 000

40 000 000

2007 2008 2009 2010

m3

Log Imports by Port

All other

Qingdao

Shanghai

Huhehaote

Nanjing

Harbin

Manzhouli

Page 13: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Manzhouli29%18%

Harbin23%12%

Qingdao2%

13%

Nanjing21%29%

Page 14: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

 ‐

 2 000

 4 000

 6 000

 8 000

 10 000

 12 000

 14 000

 16 000

 18 000

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Thou

sand

 cubic meters

Korea, Rep. of

Japan

China

 ‐

 2 000

 4 000

 6 000

 8 000

 10 000

 12 000

 14 000

Thou

sand

 cubic meters

Cambodia Myanmar Thailand

Indonesia Malaysia Papua New Guinea

Imports

Exports

Source: ITTO

Page 15: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Softwood Log Import UsesThere are mainly 5 end uses for imported softwood log:

• 1) Construction: including concrete forming support, plywood• 2) Interior uses: including backing strip, floor spacer, wood 

doors and flooring• 3) Landscaping treated wood especially in parks• 4) Packaging• 5) Furniture: including outdoor furniture

• Main softwood species include larch, red pine, spruce, radiatapine, scotch pine.

• Imported softwood log mainly come from Russia, New Zealand, US/Canada, Chile and European countries.

Page 16: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

China Softwood Logs Imports from 2005 to 2010

Year Imports Volume(million m3)

Imports Value($US million)

2005 18.27 1387.982006 19.71 1713.622007 23.27 2404.882008 18.58 2414.192009 20.30 2234.432010 24.27 3239.61

Source: China’s Customs Statistics

Page 17: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

$300

$350

$400

$450

$500

$550

$600

$650

$700ja

n.05

mar

.05

mai

.05

jul.0

5se

p.05

nov.

05ja

n.06

mar

.06

mai

.06

jul.0

6se

p.06

nov.

06ja

n.07

mar

.07

mai

.07

jul.0

7se

p.07

nov.

07ja

n.08

mar

.08

mai

.08

jul.0

8se

p.08

nov.

08ja

n.09

mar

.09

mai

.09

jul.0

9se

p.09

nov.

09ja

n.10

mar

.10

mai

.10

jul.1

0se

p.10

nov.

10ja

n.11

mar

.11

mai

.11

jul.1

1se

p.11

nov.

11ja

n.12

mar

.12

mai

.12

jul.1

2se

p.12

nov.

12ja

n.13

mar

.13

mai

.13

jul.1

3se

p.13

Export Prices 12+ Hi China: Hemlock

Page 18: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Log Exports from PNW

Data Source: USDA Forest Service

 ‐

 1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

 10

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

MM m

3To China To all Countries minus China

Page 19: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

New Zealand Log Exports 

 ‐

 2

 4

 6

 8

 10

 12

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

MM m

3China Log Exports Rest of Log Exports

Source: Statistics New Zealand. Compiled by Information and Analysis, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Page 20: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Russia

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

US$

 Billions

Sawnwood to China Roundwood to China

Source of Data: Customs Committee of Russia

Page 21: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Russia

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

US$

 Billions

Sawnwood to China Roundwood to China Both to China

Source of Data: Customs Committee of Russia

Page 22: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Two Strategic Business Questions:

• Under what conditions will China continue to import softwood logs? 

• What is the likelihood that these conditions will continue into the future? 

The answer lies in an examination of the important supply and demand factors in log trading and a focus on key economic indicators to discern possible future trends. 

Page 23: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Some Key Chinese Macroeconomic Data from 12th Five‐year Planning Period Ending 2015

• the total population will reach 1.39 billion (an annual growth rate of < 1%), 

• the GDP 58.98 trillion yuan(an average annual growth rate of 8%), 

• urbanization rate will reach 51.5% (an average annual growth rate of 2%), 

• affordable housing projects (urban area) will reach 36 million units. 

Data Source: CAF Report

Page 24: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Key Macro‐Economic Indicators for 2015‐2020

Indicator 2010 2015Annual average growth rate

2020Annual average growth rate

GDP(Trillion yuan) 40.12 58.98 8% 82.6 7%

Total population(million people) 1,341 1,390 0.72% 1,450 0.85%

Urbanization rate(%) 47.5 51.5 2% 60.0 3%

Per capita disposable income of urban residents(yuan)

19,109 28,077 8% 39,379 7%

Per capita net income of rural residents(yuan)

5,919 8,897 8% 12,479 7%

Source: CAF Report

Page 25: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Factor 1:  Demand in China

• Chinese Demand: Forecast of national industrial timber consumption in 2015‐2020 (million m3)

Consumption structure 2010 2015 2020Wood‐based panel① 194 204 235Pulp and papermaking industry② 66 120 155Interior uses 52 55 62General construction 72 63 55Furniture industry③ 22 38 54Other④ 30 35 40Total 436 515 601

Page 26: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Factor 2:  Supply

• What are the Log Supply Issues– International:  What countries can supply to China?

• Russia– The Far East is a traditional softwood log supplier to China– New direction?  Chinese investments in Russia?

• New Zealand– Limited supplies?  

– North America:  Other demands (housing)?

Page 27: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Russia Exports to China

Source of Data: Customs Committee of Russia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

351997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Million Cu

bic Meters

Logs

LumberEverything Else

Page 28: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Russia Exports to China

Source of Data: Customs Committee of Russia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

351997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Million Cu

bic Meters

Logs

LumberEverything Else

Tariff quota

Page 29: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Russia Exports to China

Source of Data: Customs Committee of Russia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

351997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Million Cu

bic Meters

Logs

LumberEverything Else ?

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RUSSIA‐CHINA FUND TO INVEST IN FORESTRY FIRM

• VLADIVOSTOK, Russia, Sept 7, 2012  (Reuters) ‐ A joint Russian‐Chinese fund will invest over $200 million in a Russian forestry company under a preliminary deal announced on Friday on the fringes of a summit held to promote economic cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific region.

• The Russia‐China Investment Fund would become a shareholder in Russia Forest Products, Russia's second‐largest forestry products firm, in a deal that would enable the business to produce higher‐value processed products.

• The deal was announced by the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), which was set up last year with $10 billion from the state to co‐invest in private‐equity style deals with foreign partners.

• Russian Forest Product holds annual allowable rights to fell more than 4.5 million cubic metres of timber and has long‐term leases on 6.4 million hectares of forest. It accounts for around 10 percent of Russia's timber exports to China, the RDIF said. (Reporting by Douglas Busvine; editing by Vladimir Soldatkin)

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New Zealand

 ‐

 5

 10

 15

 20

 25

 30

 35

Million Cu

bic Meters

Rest of Harvest

Log exportsto China

Lumber exports to: JapanChina

Rest of log exports

Log exports to India

Log exports to Japan

Source: Statistics New Zealand. Compiled by Information and Analysis, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

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New Zealand: Export Supply Slack

 ‐

 5

 10

 15

 20

 25

 30

 35

Million Cu

bic Meters

Rest of Harvest

Log exportsto China

Rest of log exports

~ 3 million m3

Maximum Biological Availability from plantat

Source: Statistics New Zealand. Compiled by Information and Analysis, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Page 33: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Harvest Volume Douglas‐fir and Hemlock Westside Private Lands

1949 ‐2011

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

2037

2039

Har

vest

vol

ume

(bill

ion

boar

d fe

et, S

crib

ner r

ule)

Calendar year

Hemlock

Douglas‐fir

Source: WADNR Timber Harvest Reports

Page 34: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Harvest Volume Projection

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

2037

2039

Har

vest

vol

ume

(bill

ion

boar

d fe

et, S

crib

ner r

ule)

Calendar year

Recovery with growth in log exports up to first energy shock

Source: WADNR Timber Harvest Reports

Page 35: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Harvest Volume Projection

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

2037

2039

Har

vest

vol

ume

(bill

ion

boar

d fe

et, S

crib

ner r

ule)

Calendar year

Projected Growth

2016

Harvest Constraint

Source: WADNR Timber Harvest Reports

Page 36: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Lumber Demand: 2010

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

2037

2039

Har

vest

vol

ume

(bill

ion

boar

d fe

et, S

crib

ner r

ule)

Calendar year

2010 log consumption by sawmills and others except export

Source: WADNR Mill Survey 2010 Report

Page 37: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Lumber Demand Projection

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

2037

2039

Har

vest

vol

ume

(bill

ion

boar

d fe

et, S

crib

ner r

ule)

Calendar year

Projected growth in product demand for logs

Source: WADNR Mill Survey 2010 Report

Page 38: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Background Summary• China imports a substantial volume of its wood requirements (50% of its domestic consumption)– But softwood log imports are only a small percentage (around 11%) and

– Those sectors using sawlog products are in decline from134 to 117 MM m3 from 2010 to 2020

• Russian export tariff has changed to a quota with tariffs:– Suggests a decline from 16 to 12 MMm3 China log exports– Log sources have responded (NZ, US)– Lumber imports have grown (Chinese sawmills in Russia)

• US growth in log exports will be constrained by– Harvest availability– US housing demand

Page 39: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

CINTFSFA Global Trade Model• Supply constraints include China’s own domestic timber harvesting 

policies as well as policies in other countries to reduce the flow of illegally harvested wood products.  – We will examine the impact of shifts in supply sources on China and 

other forest sectors around the Pacific Rim and Europe.  

• Infrastructure needs and capital investments in China’s forest sector are likewise needed.  – Scenario analysis using the trade model will investigate the costs 

associated with an expansion of milling and processing capacity.  

• Thirdly, demand is changing rapidly around the world due to government policies aimed at stimulating economic activity.  – We will examine potential changes in global demand for wood 

products and their implications on the Chinese forest product sector using the CAF model.

Page 40: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Spatial equilibrium for two sectors outlining the feedback effect

Page 41: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production
Page 42: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Production, Consumption, Exports, Imports of Plywood

0

5 000 000

10 000 000

15 000 000

20 000 000

25 000 000

30 000 000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Coastal China

Blue: Production (H), Green: Production (F), Lt Blue: Consumption (H), Purple: Consumption (F), Orange, E (F), Teal M (F)

Page 43: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

0

50 000

100 000

150 000

200 000

250 000

300 000

350 000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Sweden

Production, Consumption, Exports, Imports of Plywood

Blue: Production (H), Green: Production (F), Lt Blue: Consumption (H), Purple: Consumption (F), Orange, E (F), Teal M (F)

Page 44: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

1 400 000

1 600 000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Finland

Production, Consumption, Exports, Imports of Plywood

Blue: Production (H), Green: Production (F), Lt Blue: Consumption (H), Purple: Consumption (F), Orange, E (F), Teal M (F)

Page 45: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Plywood Prices

 $‐

 $200

 $400

 $600

 $800

 $1 000

 $1 200

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Sweden

SWEUVXPLY 82 SWEp

Page 46: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Plywood Prices

 $‐

 $100

 $200

 $300

 $400

 $500

 $600

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Coastal China

CHNUVMPLY 82 CCOp

Page 47: Forest Sector Modeling Conference Lillehammer, Norway ... · China-0.15-0.10-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Growth Rate Market Share Wood-based Panels Production

Conclusion/Uncertainties that May Impact the Baseline

• Chinese Economy Outlook– Expectations have improved over the last quarter

• Chinese Demand Outlook Sensitivity  – hard to get a good multiplier since forest products consumption is a small percentage of overall GDP and expenditures in overall construction activity and infrastructure

• Changes in Russian forest sector activity– Timing of investment programs, permitting processes

• New Zealand availability of logs– What is the biological constraint?

• Log/Lumber substitution  – Availability of Canadian lumber exports to China?– Chinese sawmills in Russia/log lumber preference?

• US : Lumber profitability versus export market


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