Formative Review

February 2014

Procedures

• Get out a piece of paper and label it formative review

• Pick up questions on my desk

• Announcements– Tomorrow: Europe and Russia Test, Binder check

(other and world tabs), index cards

PHYSICAL

Why do temperatures change throughout the year?

• Tilt of the earth’s axis and revolution

Which hemisphere is experiencing summer?

What are Monsoons?• They are seasonal

winds that come off of the Indian Ocean therefore India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan are most affected due to their location by the Indian Ocean.

What is a tsunami?

• A giant wave that results from an underwater earthquake

What affects Brazil’s Climate?• L- tropical latitude• O- near warm ocean

current

How does damming a river affect the environment?

• Stops the natural flow of the river• Stops natural mineral deposits in the soil• Destroys habitats

HUMAN

What are economic activities?• Primary

– Extracting raw resources from the earth– Ex: farming, forestry, mining, fishing, raising livestock

• Secondary– Using raw resources to produce something– Ex: factories and construction

• Tertiary– Providing a service or selling something– Ex: teachers, doctors, stores, restaurants

• Quaternary– Collecting and using information, research– Ex: researchers, managers, computer programmers

What is an environmental benefit of public transportation?

• Less vehicles are on the road resulting in less carbon emissions.

What are some of the advantages of switching from a steam locomotive to diesel?

• Steam engines are powered by the use of coal. • Diesel engines emit less pollution than coal

powered engines.

Which areas of the world are developed and developing?

What has happened to the rust belt in the United States?

• The rust belt is in the Northern United States where most car factories were located.

• The economy suffered and many of these industries had to close.

How can a flood spread disease?

• Fresh water resources can be contaminated due to flood waters.

What is a cottage industry? What is a commercial industry?

• Cottage Industries– Making/producing something for your

family/village• Commercial Industries– Making/producing something on a large scale for

a profit

Define cultural diffusion

• Cultural diffusion is the spreading of a culture to new areas.

Define formal, perceptual, and functional regions.

• Formal– Region with clear boundaries, it is defined by at least

one common human or physical characteristic, such as government or a mountain range

• Functional– An area defined by one function that may cross political

boundaries, organized around a focal point, such as a drainage basin of a great river or Metro-plex

• Perceptual– Based on people’s attitudes and emotions about a

place, such as the “Deep South”

Where would you most likely use solar power for electricity?

• Solar energy is created by harnessing sunlight therefore you would need an area with constant sunlight in large quantities. Such as Arizona.

Define globalization. List positives and negatives of globalization.

• Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture.

• Positives– Creates jobs, increases standard of living, spreads new

technologies• Negatives– Jobs are moved to less developed countries, spread of

diseases, culture lost

How has air conditioning affected the population in the Southern United States?

• The population of the South began to grow with the invention of air conditioning and continues to grow.

LATIN AMERICA

How do people use the resources of the rainforest? How do the ways change?

• Logging, farming, settlement, rubber tapping, research, and home land.

• The more technology people have the more likely they are to modify the environment.

• However people are also coming up with sustainable ways to use the rainforest.

Where were slaves from Africa sent?

• The Americas

How were Native Americans affected by the Columbian Exchange?

• The diseases that the Europeans brought killed the majority of Native Americans.

• They were also made to work for the Europeans and adopt European culture.

What is going to be a major business in Argentina do to the Pampas?

• The pampas are a grassland therefore the land will be used for livestock raising, particularly cattle.

Characteristics of Colonization

• Cash crop economies• Class system• Ethnic diversity

EUROPE AND RUSSIA

What religion in Europe is increasing due to immigration?

• Islam

What is the major conflict in Ireland?

• Northern Ireland in Protestant and apart of the United Kingdom

• Ireland is a separate country on the same island that is predominately Catholic

• Which of the following most accurately describes Russia's past and present political structures, and why many Russians believe that political change is inevitable?

– A Originally settled by the Huns in the south, the region was conquered by the Mongol Empire. After the Mongols, leaders from Moscow attempted a democracy similar to one in the United States. Communist leaders came to power after World War II, but their rule recently collapsed. Today, Russia's socialist government is moving back towards a democracy.

– B The Western part of the country was originally settled by Vikings. The region was then conquered by the Mongol Empire. After the Mongols, leaders from Moscow formed a monarchy and expanded control throughout Asia. Communist leaders gained control after World War I, but their rule recently collapsed. Today, Russia's government is a democracy that shows signs of moving towards more government control.

– C Originally settled by the Mongols, the region gained stability when the Byzantine Empire conquered most of the feuding city states. Leaders from St. Petersburg formed a monarchy which lasted until World War II. Communist leaders then gained control until a recent democratic revolution. Today, Russia's government is a democracy that shows signs of moving back towards communism.

– D Originally settled by Lithuanian traders, leaders from Moscow formed a monarchy and expanded their control across Asia. The Byzantine Empire then conquered the region followed by the Mongols. After the collapse of Mongol control, communist leaders gained control and built a large empire. Communist control collapsed after World War II. Today, Russia's government is a constitutional monarchy that shows signs of moving back towards democracy.

What is the Chechnya(n) issue?

• Chechnya is a state in Russia• Russia is mostly Russia Orthodox (Christian),

whereas the Chechnyan state is mostly Muslim

• Chechnya wants to be its own country but Russia needs Chechnya for oil and access to the Black Sea

Define Communism

• Communism is an economic system in which the government controls what is produced, when and how much. The government also owns all business.

• How is Stalin’s 5 year plan an example of communism?– Stalin’s 5 year plans were government plans for

the economy– The plan outlined all production and prices

Define mixed economy.

• A mixed economy also known as socialism is an economy in which the most important businesses are owned and operated by the government while other businesses may be owned and operated by the people (private businesses).

Define interdependence.

• Interdependence is a relationship in which each member is mutually dependent on the others.

Define nationalism.

• Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation

What is the UN? What is collective security?

• The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established in 1945 to promote international cooperation.

• Collective security is an system by which states have attempted to prevent or stop wars. Under a collective security arrangement, an aggressor against any one state is considered an aggressor against all other states, which act together to repel the aggressor.

• Which areas are the MOST densely populated parts of Russia?– A the eastern and northern regions– B the west and southwestern regions– C the eastern and western regions– D the center of the country

MIDDLE EAST

What is OPEC? What do they do? List member countries.

• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an oil cartel whose mission is to coordinate the policies of the oil-producing countries. The goal is to secure a steady income to the member states and to secure supply of oil to the consumers.

• Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Indonesia, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola, and Gabon.

Why do oil companies fear government safety regulations?

• Safety regulations will cost money which cuts into the oil companies profits.

What has caused major conflicts in the Middle East?

• There are several different religions fighting over their claim to land