FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT

FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT

The Articles of Confederationand

The U.S. Constitution

THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION• This document was designed to give little

power to a central government.• Most of the power went to the individual

states.

VS

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

WEAKNESS OUTCOMECongress had no power to levy Or collect taxes



The government was alwaysshort of money




Congress had no power toRegulate trade at all





Quarrels among states anddifficulty trading with foreigncountries.






Congress has no powers toenforce it’s laws.







The states had to enforce alllaws.








Nine states had to agree onnew laws.









Difficult to enact laws.










All thirteen states had toagree to amend the Articles










All thirteen states had toagree to amend the Articles

There was no practical wayto change the government

WEAKNESS OUTCOME

The government had noExecutive Branch

WEAKNESS OUTCOME


There was no effective wayto coordinate the government

WEAKNESS OUTCOME



There was no national court system.

WEAKNESS OUTCOME




There was no way to settledisputes between states.

WEAKNESS OUTCOME





The government could notraise an Army

WEAKNESS OUTCOME





The government could notraise an Army The government could not

protect the people or the land

• All of these problems when lumped together made it impossible to run the new country.

• Changes had to be made and quickly if the US was going to survive.

• Proof of a weak government appeared when SHAY’S REBELLION occurred.

• Farmers were thrown off their land for not paying their taxes.

• Daniel Shays led a rebellion that had to be stopped by the Massachusetts militia.

Two Accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation

• 1.) Land Ordinance of 1785 – Set up a system of dividing the land in the Northwest Territory.

– Land divided into Townships with

“36 one-square

mile” sections.

• The Government would take 4 sections (4 square miles) for their own use.

• The money from the sale of one section was set aside to pay for public schools.

• Anyone purchasing land from the government was required to buy one whole section (one -square-mile).

• The rest of the land was sold to pay off the War Debt.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE• 2.) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set up a

system of dividing the Northwest Territory into three, four or five smaller territories.– It also set up a

system for

territories to become

states.

• Once settlers arrive a Governor is appointed by Congress

• Once 5,000 adult males establish residency they can elect a legislature to make laws.

• Once 60,000 people arrive in there, the territory can then apply for statehood.

• And – SLAVERY IS PROHIBITED in the Northwest Territory.

CHANGING THE GOVERNMENT• By 1787 it was determined that the Articles of

Confederation were not working.• James Madison

called for a meeting in

Philadelphia to discuss changes

to the Articles of Confederation.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION• Every state sent delegates, except Rhode

Island.• They were afraid that the convention was

going to adopt a new Constitution.

• On May 25, 1787 George Washington was elected President of the Convention.

• They first attempted to change the articles but that didn’t work.

• The decision was made to start a Federal Republic.

• That’s a government that shares power between the national government and the government of the states, with elected representatives of the people.

THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT• The National Government will be made up of

three branches. Each branch being equal.

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH• The Legislative Branch is made up of the

Senate and the House of Representatives.• The Legislature is responsible for passing laws,

ratifying treaties, approving Presidential appointments, overriding Presidential vetoes, etc.

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH• Headed by the

President and the Vice President. The responsibility of the executive Branch is to enforce the laws. The President also appoints judges, vetoes bills passed by Congress, makes treaties with foreign governments.

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH• Made up of the Supreme Court and lower

courts. The courts are responsible for interpreting laws. There is one Supreme Court, 13 District Courts and 3 Circuit Courts of Appeal in 1787.

• This guaranteed– A Separation of

Powers.– Power was equal

among the branches.– The National

government has more power than the states.

– No single part of the government becomes too powerful like a KING.

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T.

NATIONAL STATE

BOTH


NATIONAL STATE

BOTHMaintain an Army & Navy


NATIONAL STATE

BOTHMaintain an Army & NavyDeclare War


NATIONAL STATE

BOTHMaintain an Army & NavyDeclare WarCoin Money


NATIONAL STATE

BOTHMaintain an Army & NavyDeclare WarCoin MoneyRegulate trade between states &

with foreign countries


NATIONAL STATE



Make laws necessary to carry out its powers


NATIONAL STATE




Conduct elections


NATIONAL STATE




Conduct electionsEstablish schools


NATIONAL STATE




Conduct electionsEstablish schoolsRegulate businesses


NATIONAL STATE




Conduct electionsEstablish schoolsRegulate businessesEstablish local governments


NATIONAL STATE




Conduct electionsEstablish schoolsRegulate businessesEstablish local governmentsRegulate marriages


NATIONAL STATE




Conduct electionsEstablish schoolsRegulate businessesEstablish local governmentsRegulate marriagesAssume powers

not given to national

government or denied the states.


NATIONAL STATE







Enforce its laws


NATIONAL STATE







Enforce its lawsEstablish courts


NATIONAL STATE







Enforce its lawsEstablish courtsBorrow money


NATIONAL STATE







Enforce its lawsEstablish courtsBorrow moneySecure the safety & health of its citizens


NATIONAL STATE







Enforce its lawsEstablish courtsBorrow moneySecure the safety & health of its citizensCollect taxes


NATIONAL STATE







Enforce its lawsEstablish courtsBorrow moneySecure the safety & health of its citizensCollect taxesBuild roads

COMPROMISES• Not everyone

agreed with what

is going into the Constitution.

• Several compromises

had to be made.

THE GREAT COMPROMISE• LARGE STATES wanted representation to be

based on population. The more people you had – the more representation you had (The Virginia Plan).

• SMALL STATES wanted representation to be equal. All states having the same power (The New Jersey Plan).

A BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE• An agreement was reached to have a two

house (Bicameral) legislature.• THE SENATE – representation would be equal

with each state having two Senators.• THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES –

representation would be based on population.

THE 3/5 COMPROMISE• Southern states wanted to count slave as part

of their population.• Northern states were against this

• Compromise – Slaves will count as 3/5 of a person.

COMPROMISE ON TRADE• Northern states wanted a tax on imports to

protect their businesses. • Southern states did not want to pay taxes on

imported goods. They also did not want a tax on their exported crops.

• The compromise was that there would be a tax on imports, but not on exports.

RATIFICATION• In order for the Constitution to go into effect

nine of the thirteen states had to ratify (approve) it.

• FEDERALISTS were those in favor of ratification.

• ANTI-FEDERALISTS were those opposed to ratification.

• Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut agreed to it.

• Massachusetts agreed after a Bill of Rights was added.

• Maryland, South Carolina and New Hampshire were next. After New Hampshire signed it the Constitution went into effect.

• Then came Virginia, New York, North Carolina and Rhode Island in 1790.

Date post:	22-Mar-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jayden
View:	57 times
Download:	1 times

FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT

Documents