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Est mat on o Best om nat on or FeMn a t on

Bath weight, t 190

C Mn Si

0.055 0.28 0.28

C, % Mn, % Si, % C Mn Si

SiMn 1.85 60.5 15 100 75 95

HC-FeMn 6.6 71 0.5 100 95 70

MC-FeMn 1.4 81 0.77 100 95 70

LC-FeMn 0.39 81.5 0.3 100 95 70

F Si 0 08 0 75 5 100 75 62

INPUT

Target

composition,

%

Ferro-alloy

Composition Recovery, %

Ferroalloy

details

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COMPARISON OF CONTRIBUTI

Parameter UOM

Average width mm

Average slab thickness mm

Density of steel t/m3

Average casting speed m/min

Total Quantity t

Cost of production of base

gradeRs./t

Grade extra Rs./t

NSR

INPUT

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TITANIUM ADDITION IN IF STEEL

% C % N % S% Ti

reqd.

Bath

weight,

t

Pure Ti

reqd., kg

% Ti in Ti

wire or

FeTi lump

Actual

Ti

reqd.,

%

recovery

Total T

FeTi

lump, k

0.0050 0.0050 0.0080 0.069 170 117 70 168 35 479

Enter

LF

final

%C

Enter

LF

final

%N

Enter

LF

final

%S

Enter

Liq.

Metal

weight

Enter % Ti

in ferro-

alloy

Enter %

recovery

expected

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ALUMINIUM AND OXYGEN ADDITION FOR CHEMI

Particulars UOM

Amount of Al required for 60C temp. rise kg

Oxygen required m3

Total oxygen required m3

Extra oxygen required to be added m3

O t t i d t t dd d kF l f l bilit i t it

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Formulae for solubility in austenite

Irvine:

log[Nb][C+12/14N] = -6770/T+2.16

Mori:

log[Nb][C]0.87= -7700/T+3.18log[Nb][N]0.65[C]0.24= -10400/T+4.09

Meyer:log[Nb][C] = -7290/T+3.04log[Nb][N+C] = -5860/T+1.54

Siciliano:

log [ [ ] .[ [ ]. .

Nb] C NMn] Si

T !

1214

2 26838 1730 64400 246 0594

Dong:

T

SiMnMnSiNCNb

80][923][1371][91.0][35.014.3]

14

12[][log

!

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Critical temperatures of Grades under Development, based on Empirical Formulae

Parameter C Mn Si S P Al V Nb Cr

CR01AC 0.007 0.070 0.008 0.015 0.040

CR02AC 0.015 0.180 0.008 0.020 0.055

IF005C 0.005 0.100 0.008 0.015 0.040

CE01AC 0.008 0.300 0.430 0.005 0.080 0.250

WT41BM 0.190 0.300 0.250 0.012 0.018 0.035

ST460C 0.060 1.480 0.130 0.008 0.015 0.035 0.047

PP70BC 0.055 1.630 0.320 0.004 0.007 0.018 0.060 0.063 0.180

DP01AC 0.070 1.250 1.250 0.005 0.008 0.030 0.200

Aim chem

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Critical temp

Parameter

CR01AC

CR02AC

IF005C

CE01AC

WT41BM

ST460C

PP70BC

DP01AC

Critical

Ac3 temp.,

C

Ac3-1 Ms-1 Ms-2 Ms-3 Ms-4 Ms-5Irvine

NbCN

S

910 495 534 555 525 533 #NUM!

898 491 527 548 517 525 #NUM!

911 490 534 555 525 532 #NUM!

919 493 526 547 515 523 #NUM!

845 438 450 461 444 458 #NUM!

840 466 469 484 443 459 1182

852 464 464 478 436 448 1205

893 459 469 483 446 456 #NUM!

Critical Ms temp., C

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Critical temp

Parameter

CR01AC

CR02AC

IF005C

CE01AC

WT41BM

ST460C

PP70BC

DP01AC

Ti(CS) V(CN)Turkdogan

VC

Turkdogan

VNVN AlN

#NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1145

#NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1171

1266 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1113

#NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1290

#NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1221

#NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1236

1207 709 949 934 1082

#NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 1094

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Critical temp

Parameter

CR01AC

CR02AC

IF005C

CE01AC

WT41BM

ST460C

PP70BC

DP01AC

ISIJ Internatio

Vol. 40 (2000), N

pp. 380385

YS, Mpa YS, Mpa

plain low

carbon steel

plain low

carbon steel

low carbon

microalloyed

steels

low carbon

microalloyed s

0.011 84 298 276 94

0.024 86 301 317 98

0.010 82 299 293 95

0.037 119 340 331 138

0.213 122 325 681 123

0.138 152 348 704 157

0.162 164 368 796 178

0.184 227 435 716 243

Flat Rolling Fundamentals by Jinsberg

CE (PCM),

for

C < 0.12%

Tensile strength, Mpa

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Particulars UOM

ASTM Grain size no. no.

No. of grain per square inch at 100X

magnificationno.

Average grain area mm2

Average grain area micron

Grain diameter micron

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Calculation of time required for casting

parameter unit value

weight of steel in ladle t 170

density of steel t/m3 7.8

casting speed m/min 5

width mm 1250

thickness mm 60

time required for casting min 58

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Calculation of Length of coil Approximate weight of specparameter unit value parameter

Total weight of coil t 22.00 Specimen thickness

Density of steel t/m3 7.8 Specimen width

Thickness of coil mm 9.53 Specimen length

Width of coil mm 1500 Specimen weight

Total length of coil m 197

Th iti l l l ti f Al i i i t

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Theoritical calculation of Aluminium requirement

Phosphorous balance of carry-over slag

Aluminium balance at primary deoxidation

Aluminium required for FeO reduction ( 3FeO+2Al = Fe + Al2O3)

Total Aluminium reqd for reduction

Dissolved Oxygen,Dissolved Oxygen,

Al reqd for De-oxdn,

LF in Al(T)

% P2O5 in Eaf Slag ->

Heat Size

Net "P"rev at LF ->

"P" reverted into LF L/M from C/O slag

P2O5 reverted from LF slag

Quantity of carried over slag

FeO from carry over (C/O) slag

% of total FeO (of C/O) reduced during tapping

% FeO in Carry over slag

Aluminium required for P2O5 reduction

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Element % / PPM

C 0.055

Si 0.265

S 0.007

P 0.008

Mn 1.590

Al(t) 0.023

Al(s) 0.025

N 72

Ca 32

V 0.059

Nb 0.058 VAG : Value Added Grade

VAG [ Mn > 0.8 ]

VAG [ CEP > 0.07 ]

Super Heat

NON VAG [ CEP < 0.07 ]

Steel Chemistry Caster-1 : Casting Speed Calcul

Width

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Formula for calculation of Temperature drop during rolling of steel

Unit Value Unit Value

Stefan-Boltzman constant W/m2K 5.67E-08 W/m

2K 5.67E-0

Emissivity - 0.8 - 0.8

Width mm 1250 m 1.25

Thickness mm 4.5 m 0.004Rolling speed m/s 4.2 m/s 4.2

Ambient Temperature C 40 K 313

Temperature of rolled material C 810 K 1083

Density of rolled material kg/m3 7800 kg/m3 7800

Specific heat of rolled material J/kgK 500 J/kgK 500

due to radiation ---------> /s 3.53

due to convection -------> /s 0.05

Total temperature drop /s 3.58

User unit MKS unit

Temperature drop per unit time

Parameter