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FortunaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, seeFortuna (disambiguation).
Fortuna governs the circle of the four stages of life, the Wheel of Fortune, in a manuscript ofCarmina Burana
Fortuna(Latin:Fortna, equivalent to theGreekgoddessTyche) was the goddess of fortune
andpersonificationofluckinRoman religion. She might bring good luck or bad: she could be represented as
veiled and blind, as in modern depictions ofJustice, and came to represent life's capriciousness. She was also
a goddess offate: asAtrox Fortuna, she claimed the young lives of theprincepsAugustus'
grandsonsGaiusandLucius, prospective heirs to the Empire.[1]
Her father was said to be Jupiter and like him, she could also be bountiful (Copia). AsAnnonariashe protected
grain supplies. June 11 was sacred to her: on June 24 she was given cult at the festival ofFors Fortuna.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cult
2 Middle Ages
3 Pars Fortuna in Astrology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princepshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princepshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors_Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors_Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Pars_Fortuna_in_Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Pars_Fortuna_in_Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CarminaBurana_wheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CarminaBurana_wheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CarminaBurana_wheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CarminaBurana_wheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Pars_Fortuna_in_Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#Culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors_Fortunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Caesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princepshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(disambiguation)7/30/2019 Fortuna WikiFORTUNA
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4 Aspects of Fortuna
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Cult[edit]
Fortuna and Pontos
Fortuna's Roman cult was variously attributed toServius Tullius whose exceptional good fortune suggested
their sexual intimacy[4] and toAncus Marcius.[5]The two earliest temples mentioned in Roman Calendars
were outside the city, on the right bank of the Tiber (in ItalianTrastevere). The first temple dedicated to Fors
was attributed to the Etruscan Servius Tullius, while the second is known to have been built in 293 BC as the
fulfilment of a Roman promise made during laterEtruscan wars[6]The date of dedication of her temples was 24
June, or Midsummers Day, when celebrants from Rome annually floated to the temples downstream from the
city. After undisclosed rituals they then rowed back, garlanded and inebriated.[7]Also Fortuna had a temple at
theForum Boarium. Here Fortuna was twinned with the cult ofMater Matuta(the goddesses shared a festival
on 11 June), and the paired temples have been revealed in the excavation beside the church
ofSant'Omobono: the cults are indeed archaic in date.[8]Fortuna Primigenia ofPraenestewas adopted by
Romans at the end of 3rd BC in an important cult ofFortuna Publica Populi Romani(the Official Good Luck of
the Roman People) on theQuirinalisoutside thePorta Collina.[9]No temple at Rome, however, rivalled the
magnificence of the Praenestine sanctuary.
Fortuna's identity as personification of chance events was closely tied tovirtus(strength of character). Public
officials who lacked virtues invited ill-fortune on themselves and Rome:Sallustuses the infamousCatilineas
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illustration "Truly, when in the place of work, idleness, in place of thespirit of measure and equity, caprice
and pride invade, fortune is changed just as with morality".[10]
Anoracleat theTemple of Fortuna PrimigenainPraenesteused a form of divination in which a small boy
picked out one of various futures that were written onoakrods. Cults to Fortuna in her many forms are attested
throughout the Roman world. Dedications have been found to Fortuna Dubia (doubtful fortune), Fortuna
Brevis (fickle or wayward fortune) and Fortuna Mala (bad fortune).
She is found in a variety of domestic and personal contexts. During the early Empire, an amulet from theHouse
of MenanderinPompeiilinks her to the Egyptian goddessIsis, as Isis-Fortuna.[11]She is functionally related to
the GodBonus Eventus,[12]who is often represented as her counterpart: both appear onamuletsand
intaglioengraved gemsacross the Roman world.
Her name seems to derive from Vortumna (she who revolves the year).[citation needed]
The earliest reference tothe Wheel of Fortune, emblematic of the endless changes in life between prosperity
and disaster, is from 55 BC.[13]InSeneca's tragedyAgamemnon, a chorus addresses Fortuna in terms that
would remain almost proverbial, and in a high heroic ranting mode that Renaissance writers would emulate:
"O Fortune, who dost bestow the thrones high boon with mocking hand, in dangerous and doubtful state thou
settest the too exalted. Never have sceptres obtained calm peace or certain tenure; care on care weighs them
down, and ever do fresh storms vex their souls. ...great kingdoms sink of their own weight, and Fortune gives
way neath the burden of herself. Sails swollen with favouring breezes fear blasts too strongly theirs; the tower
which rears its head to the very clouds is beaten by rainyAuster.... Whatever Fortune has raised on high, she
lifts but to bring low. Modest estate has longer life; then happy he whoeer, content with the common lot, withsafe breeze hugs the shore, and, fearing to trust his skiff to the wider sea, with unambitious oar keeps close to
land."[14]
Ovid's description is typical of Roman representations: in a letter from exile[15]he reflects ruefully on the
"goddess who admits by her unsteady wheel her own fickleness; she always has its apex beneath her swaying
foot."
Middle Ages[edit]
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The humiliation ofEmperor Valerianby kingShapur I of Persia(260) passed intoEuropeancultural memory as an instance
of the reversals ofFortuna. InHans Holbein's pen-and-ink drawing (1521), the universal lesson is brought home by its
contemporary setting.
Fortuna did not disappear from the popular imagination with the ascendancy of Christianity by any
means.[16]Saint Augustinetook a stand against her continuing presence, in theCity of God: "How, therefore, is
she good, who without discernment comes to both the good and to the bad? ...It profits one nothing to worship
her if she is truly fortune... let the bad worship her...this supposed deity".[17]In the 6th century, theConsolation
of Philosophy, by statesman and philosopherBoethius, written while he faced execution, reflected the Christian
theology ofcasus, that the apparently random and often ruinous turns of Fortune's Wheel are in fact both
inevitable and providential, that even the most coincidental events are part of God's hidden plan which one
should not resist or try to change. Fortuna, then, was a servant of God,[18]and events, individual decisions,
theinfluence of the starswere all merely vehicles of Divine Will. In succeeding generations
Boethius' Consolation was required reading for scholars and students. Fortune crept back into popular
acceptance, with a new iconographic trait, "two-faced Fortune", Fortuna bifrons; such depictions continue into
the 15th century.[19]
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Albrecht Drer's engraving ofFortuna, ca 1502
The ubiquitous image ofthe Wheel of Fortunefound throughout the Middle Ages and beyond was a direct
legacy of the second book of Boethius's Consolation. The Wheel appears in many renditions from tiny
miniatures inmanuscriptsto huge stained glass windows in cathedrals, such as atAmiens. Lady Fortune is
usually represented as larger than life to underscore her importance. The wheel characteristically has four
shelves, or stages of life, with four human figures, usually labeled on the left regnabo (I shall reign), on the
top regno (I reign) and is usually crowned, descending on the right regnavi(I have reigned) and the lowly figure
on the bottom is marked sum sine regno (I have no kingdom). Medieval representations of Fortune emphasizeher duality and instability, such as two faces side by side likeJanus; one face smiling the other frowning; half
the face white the other black; she may be blindfolded but without scales, blind to justice. She was associated
with thecornucopia, ship's rudder, the ball and the wheel. The cornucopia is where plenty flows from, the
Helmsman's rudder steers fate, the globe symbolizes chance (who gets good or bad luck), and the wheel
symbolizes that luck, good or bad, never lasts.
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Fortuna lightly balances theorbof sovereignty between thumb and finger in a Dutch painting ofca 1530 (Muse des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg)
Fortune would have many influences in cultural works throughout the Middle Ages. InLe Roman de la Rose,
Fortune frustrates the hopes of a lover who has been helped by a personified character "Reason". In
Dante'sInferno(vii.67-96)Virgilexplains the nature of Fortune, both a devil and a ministering angel, subservient
to God.Boccaccio's De Casibus Virorum Illustrium ("The Fortunes of Famous Men"), used byJohn Lydgateto
compose hisFall of Princes, tells of many where the turn of Fortune's wheel brought those most high to
disaster, and Boccaccio essay De remedii dell'una e dell'altra Fortuna, depends upon Boethius for the double
nature of Fortuna. Fortune makes her appearance inCarmina Burana(see image). The Christianized LadyFortune is not autonomous: illustrations for Boccaccio's Remediishow Fortuna enthroned in a triumphal car
with reins that lead to heaven,[20]and appears in chapter 25 of Machiavelli'sThe Prince, in which he says
Fortune only rules one half of men's fate, the other half being of their own will. Machiavelli reminds the reader
that Fortune is a woman, that she favours a strong, or even violent hand, and that she favours the more
aggressive and bold young man than a timid elder. EvenShakespearewas no stranger to Lady Fortune:
When in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes
I all alone beweep my outcast state ...Sonnet 29
Pars Fortuna in Astrology[edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globus_crucigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globus_crucigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globus_crucigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Roman_de_la_Rosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Roman_de_la_Rosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Roman_de_la_Rosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy#Infernohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy#Infernohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy#Infernohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccacciohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccacciohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccacciohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lydgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lydgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lydgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Princes&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Princes&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Princes&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespearehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespearehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespearehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allegory_of_Fortune_mg_0010.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allegory_of_Fortune_mg_0010.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allegory_of_Fortune_mg_0010.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allegory_of_Fortune_mg_0010.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespearehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Buranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Princes&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lydgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccacciohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy#Infernohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Roman_de_la_Rosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globus_cruciger7/30/2019 Fortuna WikiFORTUNA
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llustration by Al-Biruni (973-1048) of different phases of the moon, from the
Persian Kitab al-tafhim
InAstrologythe term Pars Fortuna represents a mathematical point in
thezodiacderived by the longitudinal positions of
theSun,MoonandAscendant(Rising sign) in the birth chart of an
individual. It represents an especially beneficial point in the horoscopic
chart. InArabicAstrology, this point is calledArabian Parts.[21]
The procedure followed for fixing onesPars Fortuna in ancient and
traditional astrology depended on the time of birth, viz., during daylight
or night time (whether the Sun was above or below thehorizon). In
modernwestern astrologythe day time formula only was used for
many years, but with more knowledge of ancient astrology, the two
calculation methods are now often used.
The formula for calculating the day time Part of Fortune (PF) is (using
the 360 degree positions for each point):
PF = Ascendant +Moon-Sun
The formula for the night-time Part of Fortune is PF = Ascendant +
Sun - Moon
Each calculation method results in a differentzodiacposition for
thePart of Fortune.[22]
Al Biruni(973 1048), an 11th-century mathematician, astronomer
and scholar, who was the greatest proponent of this system of
prediction, listed a total of 97 Arabic Parts, which were widely used for
astrological consultations. Paul Vachier has prepared an Arabic Parts
Calculator for all the Arabic Parts.[23]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascendanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascendanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascendanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Birunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Birunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_al-Biruni.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_al-Biruni.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_al-Biruni.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_al-Biruni.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Birunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascendanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology7/30/2019 Fortuna WikiFORTUNA
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Aspects of Fortuna[edit]
Lady Fortune in a Boccaccio manuscript
Fortuna Annonaria brought the luck of the harvest
Fortuna Belli the fortune of war
Fortuna Primigeniadirected the fortune of a firstborn child at themoment of birth
Fortuna Virilis, "Manly Fortune," was celebrated only by women
Fortuna Reduxbrought one safely home
Fortuna Respiciens the fortune of the provider
Fortuna Muliebris the luck of a woman. Typical of Roman
attitudes, the fortune of a woman in marriage, however,
was Fortuna Virilis.[citation needed]
Fortuna Victrix brought victory in battle
Fortuna Augusta the fortune of the emperor[24]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestrina#Sanctuary_of_Fortuna_Primigeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestrina#Sanctuary_of_Fortuna_Primigeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Virilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Virilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Reduxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Reduxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ForutuneWheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ForutuneWheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ForutuneWheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ForutuneWheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Reduxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Virilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestrina#Sanctuary_of_Fortuna_Primigeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=47/30/2019 Fortuna WikiFORTUNA
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Fortuna Balnearis the fortune of the baths.[24]
Fortuna Conservatrix the fortune of the Preserver[25]
Fortuna Equestris fortune of the Knights.
[25]
Fortuna Huiusce Dieifortune of the present day.[25]
Fortuna Obsequens fortune of indulgence.[25]
Fortuna Privata fortune of the private individual.[25]
Fortuna Publica fortune of the people.[25]
Fortuna Romana fortune of Rome.[25]
Fortuna Virgo fortune of the virgin.[25]
Pars Fortuna[26]
See also[edit]
Carmina Burana (Orff)(opening theme: "O Fortuna")
Column of the Goths
Fortune favours the bold(Fortes fortuna adiuvat)
Notes[edit]
1. ^Marguerite Kretschmer, "Atrox Fortuna" The Classical
Journal22.4 (January 1927), 267 - 275.
2. ^Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby,A Topographical
Dictionary of Ancient Rome,; (London: Oxford University Press)
1929: on-line text.
3. ^Ovid,FastiVI. 773-786.
4. ^Varro,De Lingua Latina VI.17.
5. ^Plutarch; seeSamuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby,A
Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome,; (London: Oxford
University Press) 1929: on-line text.
6. ^Livy, 'Ad Urbem Condita', 2.40.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Huiusce_Dieihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Huiusce_Dieihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Burana_(Orff)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Burana_(Orff)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_of_the_Gothshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_of_the_Gothshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_favours_the_boldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_favours_the_boldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-2http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarchhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-6http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-3http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Fors_Fortuna.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_favours_the_boldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_of_the_Gothshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmina_Burana_(Orff)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_Huiusce_Dieihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Par_fortune-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_note-Pars_Fortuna-247/30/2019 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7. ^Billington, S., Green, M. 'The Concept of the Goddess'
(London, New York, 1996), 133-134.
8. ^Hornblower, S., Spawforth, A., 'The Oxford Classical
Dictionary' (Oxford, New York), 606.
9. ^Hornblower, S., Spawforth, A. 'The Oxford Classical Dictionary'
(Oxford, New York), 606.
10. ^Verum ubi pro labore desidia, pro continentia et aequitate
lubido atque superbia invasere, fortuna simul cum moribus
immutatur, Sallust, Catilina, ii.5. His view offortuna is discussed
in Etienne Tiffou, "Salluste et la Fortuna", Phoenix, 31.4 (Winter
1977), 349 - 360.
11. ^Allison, P., 2006, The Insula of Menander at Pompeii: Vol.III,
The Finds; A Contextual Study, Oxford: Clarendon Press
12. ^Greene, E.M., The Intaglios, in Birley, A. and Blake, J., 2005,
Vindolanda: The Excavations of 2003-2004, Bardon Mill:
Vindolanda Trust, pp187-193
13. ^Cicero, In Pisonem.
14. ^Agamemnon, translation by Frank Justus Miller(on-line text)
15. ^Ovid, Ex Ponto, iv, epistle 3.
16. ^Howard R. Patch, The Goddess Fortuna in Medieval
Literature, 1927 is the basic study.17. ^Augustine, City of God, iv.18-18; v.8.
18. ^Selma Pfeiffenberger, "Notes on the Iconology of Donatello's
Judgment of Pilate at San Lorenzo" Renaissance Quarterly20.4
(Winter 1967:437-454) p 440.
19. ^As Pfeiffenberger observes, citing A. Laborde, Les manuscrits
peintures de la Cit de Dieu, Paris, 1909: vol. III, pls 59, 65;
Pfeiffenberger notes that there are no depictions of a Fortuna
bifrons in Roman art.
20. ^Noted by Pfeiffenberger 1967:441.
21. ^-Part of Fortune;David Plant, "Fortune, Spirit and the Lunation
Cycle"
22. ^David Plant, op. cit..
23. ^Paul Vachier, "Arabic Parts".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-14http://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaAgamemnon.htmlhttp://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaAgamemnon.htmlhttp://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaAgamemnon.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-21http://www.cafeastrology.com/partoffortune.htmlhttp://www.cafeastrology.com/partoffortune.htmlhttp://www.cafeastrology.com/partoffortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-22http://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-23http://www.noendpress.com/pvachier/arabicparts/index.phphttp://www.noendpress.com/pvachier/arabicparts/index.phphttp://www.noendpress.com/pvachier/arabicparts/index.phphttp://www.noendpress.com/pvachier/arabicparts/index.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-23http://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-22http://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.htmlhttp://www.cafeastrology.com/partoffortune.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-15http://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaAgamemnon.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna#cite_ref-77/30/2019 Fortuna WikiFORTUNA
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24. ^abhttp://www.thaliatook.com/OGOD/augusta.htmlAugusta
25. ^abcdefghhttp://www.mlahanas.de/RomanEmpire/Mythology/
Fortuna.htmlFortuna
26. ^Arabic Parts
References[edit]
David Plant, "Fortune, Spirit and the Lunation Cycle"
www.cafeastrology.com Part of Fortune
Howard Rollin Patch (1923), Fortuna in Old French Literature
Lesley Adkins, Roy A. Adkins (2001) Dictionary of Roman
Religion
Howard Rollin Patch (1927, repr. 1967), The Goddess Fortuna in
Medieval Literature
Howard Rollin Patch (1922), The Tradition of the Goddess
Fortuna in Medieval Philosophy and Literature
J. Champeaux, Fortuna. Vol. I. Recherches sur le culte de la
Fortuna Rome et dans le monde romaine des origines la mort
de Csar; Vol. II. Les Transformations de Fortuna sous le
Rpublique (Rome, cole Franaise de Rome, 1982-1987).
Narducci, Emanuele, Sergio Audano and Luca Fezzi
(edd.),Aspetti della Fortuna dell'Antico nella Cultura Europea: atti
della quarta giornata di studi, Sestri Levante, 16 marzo
2007(Pisa: ETS, 2008) (Testi e studi di cultura classica, 41).
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to:Fortuna
Michael Best, "Medieval tragedy"
Arya, Darius Andre (January 27, 2006) [2002]. The Goddess
Fortuna in Imperial Rome: Cult, Art, Text. Theses and
Dissertations from The University of Texas at Austin. Austin:
University of Texas at Austin.hdl:2152/152. (login required)
orDarius Andre Arya, "The Goddess Fortuna in Imperial Rome:
Cult, Art, Text"
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