Fossil Butte National Monument · "current boundary does not include all resources necessary to...

Fossil Butte National MonumentLong-Range Interpretive Plan

Prepared by the Department of Interpretive PlanningHarpers Ferry CenterandFossil Butte National Monument

June 2006

National Park ServiceU.S. Department of the Interior

Contents

Introduction and Background 1Introduction 1The Planning Process 1Executive Summary 2Site Background 4Legislative Background 6Other Planning Considerations 8

Foundation for Planning 11Purpose and Significance 11Interpretive Themes 12Visitor Experience Goals 12

Existing Conditions 14Visitor and Audience Profiles 14Pre-Visit 16Arrival Experience 17Facilities 17Interpretive Media 22Media Assets 25Personal Services 26Partnerships 31Issues and Influences 33

Recommendations 34Pre-Visit 35Arrival Experience 36Facilities 37Interpretive Media 41Media Assets 44Personal Services 45Partnerships 48In Summary 49

Appendices 51

Flower, NPS photo

IntroductionFollowing congressional hearings Fossil ButteNational Monument became a National ParkService area on October 23, 1972. While generalmanagement and facility planning were underway,modest interpretive efforts began in 1974. A trailerat the Historic Quarry trailhead open summersonly housed the temporary visitor center. Thecurrent visitor center opened in June 1990.

During fiscal year 2002, the thirtieth anniversaryyear of the monument, Fossil Butte NationalMonument received Servicewide funding toinitiate a Long-Range Interpretive Plan with theNational Park Service's Interpretive DesignCenter. The identification of the need for this planwas a direct result of an April 2000 OversightReview (Operations Evaluation) of Fossil ButteNational Monument by the Intermountain Region.The planning team acknowledged that the"current boundary does not include all resourcesnecessary to fully tell the story of the Fossil LakeBasin." Team members agreed that the 1980General Management Plan "is largely adequate tomeet monument needs at this time", and that themonument should undertake comprehensive inter-pretive planning.

During the scoping of this Long-RangeInterpretive Plan, the planner asked MonumentSuperintendent Dave McGinnis: "What specificgoals should the plan address?" He replied:

We are at a crossroads as our program and

park interpretive operation evolves. There

is a critical link to be made between the

fossil discovered/displayed, the ecosystem

where it lived, and where it was found in relation-

ship to the park. We are still evolving as to how we

tell our story. At the same time we are learning more

from scientists about the evolutionary history of the

Fossil Lake Basin. We have completed all elements

and outgrown our 1984 Interpretive Prospectus. The

timing of this interpretive planning process is ideal.

This Long-Range Interpretive Plan defines themonument's vision for the next ten years. Twointerpretive planning workshops were held in July2002 and July 2003 to develop recommendationsfor future interpretive services, facilities, andmedia. National monument staff, partners, stake-holders, scientists, and media specialists workedtogether to develop this plan. The goal is topromote the national monument's resource valuesthrough specially planned visitor experiences andexcellence in interpretation. This Long-RangeInterpretive Plan will address how to convey thiscomplex story through media, personal services,and partnerships within the current boundaries ofthe monument. Recommendations will alsoaddress how to interpret the larger story in relatedareas beyond the monument boundary.

The Planning ProcessThe ultimate goal of the interpretive planningprocess is a cost-effective, tightly-focused, high-quality interpretive program to effectively serve allaudiences and achieve management goals.

The Long-Range Interpretive Plan recommendsactions for the next ten years. It identifies

1

Visitor Center, NPS photo

Priscacara liops, NPS photo, Arvid Aase

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

monument themes, describes visitor experiencegoals, and recommends a wide array of interpretiveservices, media, programs, and outreach activitiesto communicate in the most efficient and effectiveway the monument's purpose, significance,themes, and values. In combination, the LRIP, amonument-produced Annual Interpretive Planand the Interpretive Database will form theComprehensive Interpretive Plan for Fossil ButteNational Monument.

Barring legislative changes or major new research,the planning foundation expressed in this LRIP -purpose, significance, themes, and visitor experi-ence goals - will remain constant over the life ofthis plan. Specific recommendations about mediaand programs may need updating as staffing,funding, technology, or resource conditionschange. Additional design documents will need tobe prepared to implement some of the goals andrecommendations in this plan.

Executive SummaryThe planning team acknowledges that the develop-ment of the Fossil Butte National MonumentLong-Range Interpretive Plan coincides with thecurrent stringent budget tightening required tomeet immediate Servicewide goals. Conversely, thepast is often prologue. Just as the understanding ofthe dynamics of this ancient ecosystem haschanged, so too will opportunities to improvefacilities, media, and programs during the nextdecade.

The intended audience for this Plan includesmonument and Intermountain Regional Officestaff, media specialists, stakeholders, and future

contractors. The Plan is congruent with all othermonument planning documents. The recommen-dations address and support the monument'spurpose and significance (page 11), identifiedplanning needs (pages 8-10), interpretive themes(page 12), and visitor experience goals (pages 12-13).

Significant recommendations include:1. Develop the primary visitor experience at the

visitor center in recognition that 90% of thevisitors do not venture further into themonument. Pursue a pragmatic and methodicalimprovement approach.

• Obtain cost-estimates to correct errors in exhibitartwork and panel texts.

• If not cost-effective to repair, seek funding toreplace the current exhibit.

• During the exhibit planning/value analysisprocess, evaluate how best to expand the areadevoted to interpreting this very complex story.Alternatives include relocating staff offices,expanding outdoor exhibits to the visitor centerporch, or a building addition. During this evalu-ation phase, explore partnership options topursue mutual goals, facility requirements, andfunding needs.

2. Fund an additional GS-9 year-roundInterpretive Park Ranger (Education Specialist)position to address existing program deficits by:

• developing a more interactive website, • expanding the curriculum-based education

program beyond primary grades, • fostering educational partnerships with other

state, county, and federal land managementagencies to promote monument interpretivegoals.

Introduction and Background

2

Following coverage of the visitor center and regu-larly scheduled programs for the general public,the aforementioned program areas were consis-tently identified by the monument planning teamas the highest priorities to implement during thenext ten year period.

3. Replace the orientation video. Seek funds todevelop a new 15 - 20 minute AV presentationthat interprets the complexity of the Fossil Buttestory. Visitors require a concise, moving anddramatic overview that ties the pieces of thiscomplex story together.

4. Seek funds to develop a monumentwideWayside Exhibit Proposal/Plan. This plan willguide wayside development at Fossil Buttetoward a complete, high-quality, unified systemof waysides, identify all desired wayside exhibitswithin the monument and beyond themonument boundaries, and prioritize develop-ment and installation based on funding.

5. Develop an accessible fossil quarry experienceavailable to all visitors. The value of the existingNPS quarry is well documented. The quarrydemonstrates the importance of scientificresearch and careful documentation, andprovides visitors an active hands-on experienceand promotes the preservation ethic.

6. Support the designation of the BackcountryByway and obtain the requisite funds to plan andupgrade related facilities. This includes thescenic drive, parking and trails along CundickRidge, and requisite visitor interpretive elements.This interagency initiative with the Bureau ofLand Management (BLM), the local community,

the NPS Intermountain Regional Trails Office,and the monument explores the possibility ofestablishing a designated scenic "BackcountryByway" connecting Fossil Butte NationalMonument to the Sublette Cutoff of the OregonTrail and the California Trail. If approved, thebyway may facilitate future partnership opportu-nities for potential quarry sites on BLM orWyoming state lands.

7. Pursue partnerships that promote themonument's educational and resource preserva-tion objectives to reach students and educators,residents and visitors, businesses, and local,state, and federal agencies that live, work,recreate, and/or administer lands within theboundaries of the ancient ecosystem.

8. In light of new scientific research, work withIntermountain Region's legislative staff toexplore the process of redefining monumentboundaries and/or encouraging the BLM andState of Wyoming to change land status toincrease protection of fossil resources fromdamage by commercial endeavors in order toprotect the most significant fossil features ofancient Fossil Lake. (See Legislative BackgroundSection, pages 6-8.)

Achievement of these recommendations (andothers listed in detail within the LRIP's"Recommendations" section) is based on receiptof funding and the monument's coordinatedefforts with partners.


3

Site Background

LocationFossil Butte National Monument is located nearKemmerer, Wyoming, north of Interstate 80 onU.S. Highway 30. Many visitors stop at thenational monument en route to Dinosaur NationalMonument, Yellowstone National Park, or GrandTeton National Park.

The monument is a day-use area; overnightaccommodations are available in Kemmerer andDiamondville. Camping is allowed on adjoiningBLM public lands. National monument facilitiesinclude the visitor center, two self-guided interpre-tive hiking trails, a picnic area, and a 7.5-mile scenicdrive.

Geology/PaleontologyFossil Butte National Monument presents awindow into life in southwestern Wyoming fiftymillion years ago during the Eocene Epoch.Today's high-desert environment of themonument is a stark contrast to the sub-tropicallake environment of the past.

Fossil Lake, Lake Gosiute, and Lake Uinta formeda sub-tropical lake ecosystem commonly referredto today as the "Green River Lake System." Thelakes were located in what are now the states ofWyoming, Utah, and Colorado. The original FossilLake was 40-50 miles long (north/south) and 20miles wide (east/west). During its approximatelytwo million-year life, its length and width variedconsiderably.

Today, the national monument protects small

portions of the original Fossil Lake and the largerGreen River Lake ecosystem. The monumentconsists of 13 square miles (8,198-acres) of the 900-square-mile (595,200 acre) ancient Fossil Lake.One of the monument's geological formations isformed from the ancient lake sediments. Scientistsrefer to these lake sediments, now rocks, as theGreen River Formation. These rocks preserve atremendous variety of fossils. In addition to theGreen River Formation, the Wasatch Formation,composed of river and stream sediments, isexposed in the monument. The WasatchFormation contains fossilized teeth and bone frag-ments of many Eocene bird, reptile, fish, plant, andmammal species, including early primates andhorses. These fossils indicate what animals livednear Fossil Lake, adding the shoreline environ-ment to Fossil Lake's story.

Globally Significant PaleontologicalResourcesThe fossil record preserved within the EoceneGreen River Formation of Fossil Basin is world-renowned. Over 100 years of continuous collectinghas revealed a wide diversity of fossil fish, reptiles,birds, mammals, insects, and plants. Discoveries ofnew fossil species from the ancient lake sedimentscontinue to expand understanding of the paleoe-cosystem.

Most notably, the extraordinary quality of fossilpreservation is nearly unparalleled in the fossilrecord. The quiet-water conditions, fine-grainedlake sediments, and absence of scavengerscombine to preserve articulated skeletons (allbones are in place rather than scattered). Thedelicate bones of rarely-preserved fish, birds, andbats yield valuable scientific data.

4


Fossil Butte National Monument and area map, NPS

5

Fossils from Fossil Basin are located in museumsaround the world. Active commercial fossil collect-ing in areas around the national monument yieldstens-of-thousands to hundreds-of-thousands offossil fish each year. These fossil fish represent themost common articulated fossil vertebrates for saleanywhere in the world.

A small portion of Fossil Lake is protected andmanaged by the National Park Service. Fossil ButteNational Monument promotes the protection ofthis world-class paleontological heritage.Additionally, the national monument was estab-lished and is managed in order to:

1) educate the public at large in the geological andpaleontological sciences;

2) ensure sustainable development (geotourism);and

3) protect endangered geological (paleontological)heritage sites for future generations.

These goals directly coincide with the goals of theUNESCO World Heritage Site Program. As com-mercial fossil activities rapidly deplete the non-renewable remains of the ancient lake aroundFossil Butte National Monument, the NationalPark Service recognizes the potential for nomina-tion of the national monument as a GeologicalHeritage Site under the World Heritage SiteProgram. Although lesser sites have such recogni-tion in other parts of the world, no site in theUnited States has ever been nominated solely inrecognition of paleontological resources.

LegislationThe national monument, established on October

23, 1972 was carved primarily from existing Bureauof Land Management lands. Boundaries werebased on historic grazing allotments and use andthen-known mid-lake fossil outcrops where exten-sive quarry activity had taken place. The authoriz-ing legislation defined the purpose of the nationalmonument:

…to preserve for the benefit and enjoyment of

present and future generations outstanding paleonto-

logical sites and related geological phenomena, and

to provide for the display and interpretation of scien-

tific specimens.

The intent of the enabling legislation was topreserve the area most likely to contain the mostsignificant fossil record of ancient Fossil Lake. Atthat time, little was known about Fossil Lake'spaleogeographic boundaries and significant geo-logical features and phenomena such as deltas andshore environments. Thirty years ago, prevailingscience placed Fossil Butte at the center of the pre-historic lake. Excerpts from congressional testi-mony that led to the creation of Fossil ButteNational Monument demonstrate the knownscience of the day and subsequent congressionalintent:

Although the Fossil Butte area is only a small part of

a vast area in which the fine-bedded layers of the

Green River formation make up much of the land-

scape, it is particularly well situated since, in

addition to the rich fossil deposits located here, there

are also outstanding examples of lake, shoreline and

tributary river flood plain deposits. The bill's recom-

mended area of 8, 200 acres would provide adequate

area to protect and display the features of primary

significance as well as those which tie the geologic

6


Eocene horse, HyracotheriumNPS photo of James E. Tynsky speciminby Arvid Aase

story together.

Wyoming Governor Stan Hathaway, February 28, 1972

Mr. Chairman, it is difficult in words to describe the

beauty of this area and the geological formations

which have evolved from a metamorphosis of the

earth's surface over a period of 50 million years. No

other site in America has a more abundant supply of

fossil fish deposits. As only one example of the fos-

silized marine life, Eocene fish fossils at Fossil Butte

are believed to be the best and most significant in the

United States and probably the world. It is truly a

paleontologist's paradise and has attracted the atten-

tion of the academic community and laymen alike

for many years.

Gale, McGee, U.S. Senator from Wyoming

During the past twenty-five years, significant lim-nological studies and fossil finds have occurredbeyond monument boundaries, changing theunderstanding of this ancient ecosystem. Twoesteemed scientists who collaborate withmonument staff have dedicated their life's work tounderstanding the geology and paleontology of theGreen River Formation. These scientists are Dr.Paul Buchhiem, a sedimentologist with LomaLinda University, and Dr. Lance Grande, a paleon-tologist with the Chicago Field Museum of NaturalHistory. Their continuing research challenges pastscientific theories and indicates that Fossil Ridge,two miles outside of the national monumentboundary to the south, is actually the ancient lake'scenter. This area has proven very rich in fossilresources and is the source of many significantresearch finds. Fossil Ridge is easily seen from themonument's visitor center. Near-shore deposits to

the east of Fossil Butte National Monument havealso yielded unique fossils and new geologic speci-mens. Today, Fossil Ridge and the eastern marginof the lake are a mix of private, state, and BLMlands.

In essence, Fossil Butte National Monument doesnot protect the most critical paleontologicalresources of ancient Fossil Lake as congressionalsponsors, scientists, and members of the commu-nity originally intended. One of the primaryreasons the monument was established is unreal-ized. Partnerships and an examination of themonument boundary are all potential solutions toconsider. Monument legislation provides for theacquisition of " lands and interests in lands bydonation, purchase, or exchange…except thatlands of interests therein owned by the State ofWyoming or a political subdivision thereof…at notime shall the boundaries encompass more thaneight thousand two hundred acres".

The April 2000 Oversight Review (OperationsEvaluation) of Fossil Butte National Monument bythe Intermountain Region acknowledged that the"current boundary does not include all resourcesnecessary to fully tell the story of the Fossil LakeBasin." Team members agreed that the 1980General Management Plan "is largely adequate tomeet monument needs at this time", and that themonument should "request a ComprehensiveInterpretive Plan". This Long-Range InterpretivePlan will address how to convey this complex storythrough media and personal services within thecurrent boundaries of the monument.Recommendations will also address how to inter-pret the larger story in related areas beyond themonument boundary.

7


Livestock grazing, authorized for a limited periodby the enabling legislation, terminated in 1989.The monument has an active resource manage-ment program to restore the lands disturbed bypast grazing practices and other agriculturalactivity. The enabling legislation also authorizesthat "stock driveways shall continue in perpetuityat such places where this use will not conflict withthe administration of the national monument."Use of the stock driveways by local ranchersprovides monument visitors with opportunities toobserve traditional western scenes of cattle andsheep drives.

Other Planning Considerations

Key Monument Planning DocumentsThis plan proceeds under the auspices of the 1980General Management Plan, the 1996 Statement forManagement and the 2005 Strategic Plan. TheApril 2000 Intermountain Region OperationsEvaluation/Oversight Review Report concludedthat the monument need not pursue a newGeneral Management Plan. Interpretation andvisitor services planning issues identified in theApril 2000 document are considered in this Long-Range Interpretive Plan. The planning team alsoconsidered and addressed shared interpretiveissues identified in the draft-2001 MuseumManagement Plan and Scope of Collection Plan,and the 1994 Resource Management Plan.

The Monument Visitor CenterThe monument has outgrown the visitorcenter/administrative office facility. This buildinghouses visitor center operations, exhibit area, fossilpreparation laboratory, a multipurpose

room/audiovisual area for programs and activities,public restrooms, library, administrative and cura-torial support offices, and the cooperating associa-tion sales area and storage. The Oversight ReviewReport noted that the monument has a seriousshortage of office, work and curatorial space,which negatively impacts monument operations.The monument continues to prioritize space forthe visitor experience over all other staffingrequirements and works diligently to overcomethese difficulties.

Monument staff drafted a design for a visitorcenter addition to increase space for public useand offices. The proposed "pod" design wasreviewed and is supported by the original buildingarchitect, Andy Beck. The Long-RangeInterpretive Plan will explore how to improve thevisitor experience within the existing facility, andoutline potential improvements if constructionfunding for an addition is obtained.

The Research QuarryThe Fossil Butte research quarry operates underNational Park Service Management Policies (4.8.2protection of geological features, and 4.8.1 paleon-tological resources and their contents). Thepurpose of the quarry is to collect baseline data forfuture research projects. Data allow a moreaccurate assessment of fossil density, populationdiversity and make-up, and three-dimensionalanalysis. Quarried items, accessioned and cata-logued as part of the monument's curatorial col-lection, are maintained in perpetuity. Excavation ofthe rock takes place only while visitors are present,thus slowing the removal of non-renewable fossilresources and extending the life of this popularinterpretive program.

8


The quarry is open during the heaviest visitation,on weekends Memorial Day through Labor Day.Trained staff and volunteers under the supervisionof a paleontologist remove fossil specimens. Ifinterested, visitors may participate. The specimensare then taken to the visitor center's fossil prepara-tion lab where visitors can observe the painstak-ingly slow process of preparing fossil fieldspecimens for further study and exhibition. Thishands-on experience is extremely valuable wheninterpreting the scientific value of fossils and theimportance of protecting them.

However, the anticipated quality of specimens atthe research quarry has not been realized. Inaddition the quarry is not accessible to all visitors.The monument staff would like to provide a visitorexperience with a more accessible quarry.Although static displays are nice, visitors want tosee and experience an active quarry. The 1995Quarry Study Report explored the potential ofalternate quarry sites that would serve both inter-pretive and research functions. A site within themonument boundary on Cundick Ridge was iden-tified as well as several alternate sites on Bureau ofLand Management (BLM) or Wyoming Statelands. All sites have varied accessibility and moreextensive planning is required.

Philosophical Issues of InterpretingFossilsThe monument is located in an area where diggingfor fossils is a large commercial activity. There are10 or more legal quarries just outside themonument boundary. In addition, the WyomingTravel and Tourism Department promotes"Fishing for Fossils" to attract visitors. Differingstate and federal regulations regarding fossil col-

lecting often confuse visitors. "Fossil fishing" isallowed in some private and state locations, but isillegal in Fossil Butte National Monument and onsurrounding BLM lands.

PartnershipsAn interagency planning initiative with the BLM,local community, NPS Intermountain RegionalTrails Office, and the monument explored estab-lishing a designated scenic "Backcountry Byway"connecting Fossil Butte National Monument to theSublette Cutoff of the Oregon Trail and theCalifornia Trail. If approved, the byway may facili-tate future partnership opportunities by providingfor accessible quarry sites on BLM or State ofWyoming lands.

Over the years, monument staff has developedmany partnerships to support monument goals.The LRIP will explore how to improve interpreta-tion and visitor services through existing andfuture partnerships.

Other Significant Resource IssuesPublic, state, and private lands surround thenational monument. Associated land use practicesby these neighbors provides opportunities toaddress topics such as wildlife, grazing, exoticplants, open space and viewshed, mining, com-mercial fossil collecting, and oil and gas develop-ment. Currently, a critical mitigation need is aprivate industry proposal to construct 100-pluswind generators on Fossil Ridge. The 26 footdiameter concrete pads will penetrate 30 feet intothe ground, threatening the "best of the best fossilresources". The 300 foot high towers and bladeswill pockmark the monument's viewshed. Fossil Butte National Monument is recovering

9


from years of livestock grazing, presenting oppor-tunities to interpret the recovering ecosystem. Thefindings of the Oversight Review (OperationsEvaluation) documented "significant incidents ofelk, grouse, antelope, and deer poaching, antlercollecting, and other wildlife and resource viola-tions." Planning discussions will address thisresource issue and seek recommendations forinterpretation and visitor services.

10


The only known frog from Fossil Lake, NPS photo ofJames E. Tynsky specimin by Arvid Aase

Purpose and SignificanceThe National Park Service mission is to preserve,unimpaired, natural and cultural resources andvalues of the National Park System for the enjoy-ment, education and inspiration of this and futuregenerations. The park service cooperates withpartners to extend the benefits of natural andcultural resource conservation and outdoor recre-ation throughout this country and the world.

Planning focuses first on why a park was estab-lished and what conditions should exist beforedelving into details about specific actions. Parkpurpose statements are based on park legislationand legislative history, other special designations,and National Park Service policies. Purpose state-ments provide the foundation for park manage-ment and use.

Park significance statements capture the essence ofthe park's importance to the nation's natural andcultural heritage. Significance statements do notinventory resources; rather they describe thepark's distinctiveness and help to place it withinregional, national, and international contexts.They are the basis for the development of theprimary interpretive themes and program.

PurposeFossil Butte National Monument preserves for thebenefit and enjoyment of present and futuregenerations paleontological sites and geologicalphenomena; provides for research, display, andinterpretation of scientific specimens; and con-

serves unimpaired for future generations theresources, scenery, and the wildlife of a portion ofFossil Basin.

SignificanceFossil Butte National Monument contains part ofthe widespread Green River Formation that is theworld's best preserved, most thoroughly studied,and accessible Eocene subtropical lake system.

One of the world's best-preserved and mostdiverse assemblages (associate groups) of fossilizedanimals and plants are contained within FossilLake deposits.

Scientific and commercial collecting of fossils hasoccurred in Fossil Basin for over 125 years. FossilButte National Monument represents fossil preser-vation and research in the midst of active commer-cial fossil collecting.

The monument provides diverse educationalopportunities for the public to experience fossils insitu (in place), under preparation, and on display,while providing the most current scientific inter-pretation of their geological, paleontological, andhistorical significance.

The national monument is the only significantportion of public land in southwestern Wyomingwith a recovering sagebrush steppe ecosystem,which excludes hunting and grazing.

The sweeping vistas capture the vast expanse ofhistoric and prehistoric landscapes.

11

FOUNDATION FOR PLANNING

Interpretive ThemesPrimary interpretive themes are those ideas orconcepts that every visitor should understand.These themes are the key ideas through which thepublic explores the monument's nationally signifi-cant resource meanings and values. They providethe foundation for interpretive programs andmedia. They do not include everything inter-preted, but rather the ideas critical to a visitor'sunderstanding of the monument's significance. Allinterpretive efforts should relate to one or more ofthe themes, and each theme should be addressedin the overall interpretive program. The themesthat follow are numbered for easy reference ratherthan priority order.

1. Fossil Butte National Monument provides anopportunity to study the abundant, diverse, andexquisitely preserved fossil specimens of FossilBasin and the well-preserved rock record of thebasin itself, enabling us to understand the sur-prising array of plants and animals that inhabitedthis system of lake environments during the earlyCenozoic Era (Age of Mammals).

Sub-themes:

Carefully excavated and painstakinglyprepared, fossils reveal evidence of ancient life. The wonder and mystery of evolution and extinction in the early Cenozoic Era drive the scientific research at Fossil Butte National Monument.

For scientists and amateurs alike, Fossil Butte National Monument serves as a center for scholarly study to explore the

ancient sub-tropical Green River lake system.

2. Fossils have garnered the interest of commercialand scientific collectors since their discoveryover 125 years ago in Fossil Basin. Fossil ButteNational Monument provides a forum to discussthe benefits and shortfalls of fossil collecting andarticulates the need to ensure the preservation offossils for future generations.

3. Climate change is evident when comparing thefossil evidence of a subtropical environment tothe semiarid sagebrush steppe ecosystem ofFossil Butte National Monument today.Studying these fossils reveals how climate andlife are intrinsically linked and continuallychanging, helping us better understand changesthrough time.

4. Fossil Butte National Monument's culturalhistory reveals a dynamic interaction betweenpeople and the land, illustrating the ongoingstruggle to balance diverse resource uses andtheir consequences.

5. Fossil Butte National Monument provides anincreasingly rare opportunity to experiencesolitude, unencumbered vistas, and night skies.

Visitor Experience GoalsVisitor experience goals describe the physical,intellectual, and emotional experiences that shouldbe available for visitors of Fossil Butte NationalMonument. These experiences will be available tovisitors of all abilities, including those with visual,auditory, mobility, or cognitive impairments.

12

Foundation for Planning

Sabalites (palm leaf) indicates a subtropicalclimate, NPS photo by Jeff Vanuga

The desired outcome of monument operations isto manage visitor-resource interactions to maintainresources unimpaired for the enjoyment of futuregenerations while ensuring that opportunities existfor the widest variety of visitors to forge meaning-ful connections with those resources. The follow-ing visitor experience goals will guide thedevelopment of the monument's interpretiveprogram.

Visitors to Fossil Butte National Monument willhave opportunities to:

• contemplate, relax, and enjoy monumentresources without pressure.

• have a safe visit.• have their comfort needs met. • learn about monument themes in ways appropri-

ate to their ages and abilities.• find their way around the monument without

assistance.• interact with the monument staff informally and

formally.• become involved with the preservation of the

monument.• discover the scientific and educational values

associated with fossils and other nationalmonument resources.

• see and experience the present day Fossil Butteecosystem.

• visit and interact with the scientific collection offossils in a research quarry regardless of physicalability.

• view fossils being scientifically prepared.• experience solitude and unencumbered views of

landscapes and night skies.

Through exploration of monument-specific topics

visitors will understand:

• the processes resulting in the well-preservedfossil specimens.

• the scientific methods and techniques utilized innew discoveries and research.

• how rocks tell the story of climate change, lacus-trine (lake) deposition processes, and other lakeprocesses such as chemical and physical changes.

• the importance of the Eocene epoch and evolu-tion, adaptations, and the extinction of life.

• the relationship between the landforms andfeatures viewed at Fossil Butte NationalMonument today to ancient Fossil Basin (50million years ago); learn how complex anddynamic forces such as uplift and erosioncreated the present landscape.

•the environmental changes that occurred overtime in the Fossil Butte area.

• land management practices and land healthissues of the national monument and surround-ing area.

• how humans have adapted to and impacted thephysical setting of Fossil Butte NationalMonument through exploration of thesemonument-specific topics: scientific and com-mercial collecting of fossils; the establishmentand disappearance of the Town of Fossil; grazingand stock driveways; emigrant activities; energydevelopment (coal, gas and oil extraction; windgenerators); and rail and highway transportation.

• the National Park System mission, and supportthe protection of fossils and other resourceswithin National Park Service areas and associ-ated national historic trails.

13

Foundation for Planning

Dr. Paul Buchheim prepares a fossil fish “insitu”, NPS photo

Visitor and Audience ProfilesThe ten-year average visitation is approximately20,000 annually. Currently the natural features,trails, programs, and services of Fossil ButteNational Monument are under-utilized by visitors.During the average visit of one hour or less, fewventure beyond the visitor center to hike the trailsor visit the research quarry that operates onweekends Memorial Day through Labor Day.Monument visitation lacks ethnic diversity. Localresidents rarely visit.

Between June 28 and August 25, 2001, Karen S.Hockett and Joseph W. Roggenbuck from VirginiaTech, Department of Forestry, in Blacksburg,Virginia studied characteristics of monumentvisitors and the influence of interpretation on theirfossil knowledge and ethics. The following narra-tive summarizes staff observations supported bythis study.

Families come from all over the United States tovisit Fossil Butte National Monument, usuallyattracted by their interest in fossils. Most visit forless than two hours and generally stay in the visitorcenter. Some groups just use the visitor centerrestrooms and stamp their "Passport to YourNational Parks". Most obtain their informationprimarily from highway signs and maps. Althoughfamilies are interested in the fossil story; many donot hike the trails in the summer; the heat and thedistance from the visitor center being the primaryfactors. Many families come with pets, whichpresents a variety of problems in the summer heat.Some families stop first at the Fossil CountryMuseum in nearby Kemmerer, Wyoming. Fossil Butte works in partnership with the museum byproviding an exhibit on the monument and itsresources. The Fossil Country Museum staffobserved that most museum visitors are unaware

14

EXISTING CONDITIONS

A family on the visitor center porch, NPS photo

of the national monument until viewing the exhibitin the museum or speaking with a museum volun-teer.

Incidental Visitors often see the highway signsand stop at the monument. Frequently this groupis en route to or from Yellowstone National Parkor Dinosaur National Monument. This group gen-erally stays less than two hours and expresses dis-appointment when there is no fossil preparationdemonstration.

International Visitors generally plan their trip andstay longer than two hours. They enjoy theexhibits in the visitor center, hiking, and partici-pating in ranger-conducted programs. However,organized international tour groups generally stayless than one hour. This group spends a lot of timeand money in the bookstore. The primary lan-guages of international visitors are German andJapanese; currently the official monumentbrochure is translated into only Spanish, German,and Russian.

Local Residents comprise a small portion of themonument visitation. Most drive through toaccess Bureau of Land Management lands forhunting and other outdoor recreation. Localvisitors come primarily as family groups with out-of-town guests, or as part of a scout or churchgroup. Some use the monument for recreationalactivities such as wildlife viewing, hiking, familyreunions, and cross-country skiing. Monumentstaff is acutely aware of the need to reach out tothis audience and has experimented with a varietyof programming opportunities. These programshave had marginal success and seem to draw thesame select audience each time.

School Groups usually pre-plan their visit. Theymay learn of the site via the Internet and call for aprogram reservation. During FY 2003, 816 studentsfrom 23 schools participated in formal educationprograms by reservation. This audience rangesfrom kindergarten through 12th grade. They visitmostly during May and September and are prima-rily interested in the fossil story as it relates to theirscience curriculum. School groups want a hands-on experience in the research quarry, but becausea quarry visit requires small groups and closesupervision, current staffing levels only "ade-quately" meet this group's expectations. DuringFY 2003, 10% of school groups participated in thequarry activity.

There is a growing trend in home-schooledvisitors. These students generally arrive unan-nounced and frequently travel long distances. It isnot unusual for this student group to arrive unpre-pared for an outdoor experience - without appro-priate clothing or water. Their experience isprimarily speaking with the ranger at the informa-tion desk, viewing the visitor center exhibits, andparticipating in the self-directed Junior Rangerprogram. Current staffing levels limit any flexibilityin program opportunities with this unannouncedaudience.

Regional Visitors come to Fossil Butte as aplanned destination, generally after reading atourism promotional article published in a regionalnewspaper or magazine. This audience tends tostay longer than most groups; in addition toexploring the visitor center, they hike the trails andvisit the quarry. This group comes with littlesubject-matter preparation and represents a fullrange of educational backgrounds and interests.

15

Existing Conditions

Subject Matter Specialists and College FieldStudy Groups interests range from paleontologyand geology, to natural history. These groupsexpect an in-depth experience, a well-educatedstaff, and one-on-one contact with a ranger or staffpaleontologist. The monument makes every effortto serve groups that provide advance notice ofarrival. These groups are interested in technicalpublications and spend time and money in thebookstore.

Senior Citizen visitation is increasing. Most comein April/May and September/October. Groupcomposition ranges from couples, to charteredtour groups, to Elderhostels. Many are unable tohike and expect a capsulated-summary experiencein the visitor center.

Mobility or Sensory-Impaired Individuals comein family groups. Unless a staff member observes aspecial need, or the visitor or group memberrequests assistance, these visitors interact withmonument resources, programs and facilitiesunobserved and are mainstreamed into the generalprograms and activities offered. The monumentstaff feels this group is not well served in regard tothe weekend quarry program and interpretivehikes.

Tour Groups generally arrive unannounced with alimited amount of time. They mainly seek a visitorcenter experience - viewing exhibits, using therestrooms, browsing the bookstore, and attendinga short orientation program by a ranger.Frequently the monument is unable to provide thispersonal service due to staffing levels.

Virtual Visits exceed physical ones by more thantwo to one with an annual average visitation of40,479. There is tremendous interpretive potentialhere.

Characteristics Common to All Groups: Manyvisitors come unprepared, without water bottles orfood and with unsuitable footwear for hiking.Visitors have a high degree of education - 70%surveyed had college degrees. Many leave disap-pointed that they did not see the fossil prepara-tion/demonstration activity.

Pre-visit

Media OutreachThe monument informs the public of upcomingevents and special programs through publicservice announcements sent to area newspapersand radio stations.

Personal ServicesInformation requests are received via mail, phone,and Internet. Follow-up correspondence mayinclude the monument brochure, site-bulletins,and/or reference to the monument's web page.Detailed requests involving paleontological ques-tions are answered by the paleontologist.

Monument Web Site Fossil Butte National Monument's extended webpage provides access to information about themonument, fossils, scientists, activities, education,photos of many fossils, and links to several othersites.

16

Existing Conditions

ArrivalIt is easy to find the monument. Well-placedofficial highway signs are located along Interstate80 and U.S. Highways 189 and 30 and through thetown of Kemmerer. Nine miles west of Kemmerervisitors exit onto County Road 300. This roadbrings visitors past the Historic Fossil Quarry Trailand the south side of Fossil Butte. Visitors thenturn north for one mile onto the Chicken Creekentrance road past one wayside exhibit pull-offbefore arriving at the visitor center parking lot. Aprominent sign along the entrance road indicatesthat fossil collection is prohibited.

Access to the monument is via a gated roadwayclosed only during severe winter storms. Althoughthe monument is open from sunrise to sunset theposted hours at the county road turnoff arespecific to the visitor center.

Analysis:

• The staff is not trained to update and upgradethe website to provide improved pre-visitplanning.

• The sign on U.S. Highway 30 at the county roadturnoff gives the overall impression that outdoormonument features - roads, trails, picnic areasare open only when the visitor center is open.The planning team thought the entrance gateclosed when facilities closed.

• The paved parking lot accommodates five tourbusses or large recreational vehicles and twentysmaller vehicles. During the summer, it is oftenfilled beyond capacity and visitors park along theentrance road.

• No visitor wayfinding occurs outside the visitor

center or at the Historic Quarry Trail facility,which precedes the visitor center.

Facilities

Visitor Center

I still don't have the big picture. I'm concerned

because if I don't, I imagine many others don't when

they leave here -- particularly since their average

length of stay is one-hour. So far I've spent 6-hours

experiencing your park. I hiked the Historic Fossil

Quarry Trail last night. Then spent close to two

hours yesterday afternoon looking at the exhibits,

attending a porch program, and seeing the park

video. This should tell us something.

Workshop Participant

Lobby/FoyerA literature rack in the main entrance foyerprovides maps, emigrant trail brochures and otherarea information.

Three temporary exhibits near the entrance doorsdisplay a fossilized bird, "the Road toFossilization", and information about theJunior/Senior Ranger program. The visitor registeris adjacent to the Junior/Senior Ranger display.

The visitor center is divided into five areas thatopen into each other:• visitor center information desk • fossil preparation lab• Intermountain Natural History Association

(INHA) bookstore• exhibits• multipurpose/audiovisual

17

Existing Conditions

Entrance sign, NPS photo

Analysis:

The open design of the visitor center permits atremendous amount of competing sound. This isdue to the close proximity of the fossil preparationlab to the information desk, and the carry-oversound of the audiovisual program in the multi-purpose room. Even when only a few visitors arepresent, sound conflicts challenge their ability tofocus on the complex ideas presented. Forexample, conversations at the information desk aredifficult when the nearby fossil preparation videois playing. These same conversations can also beoverheard in the exhibit room. Although thevideos have closed captioning, and the sound canbe turned off, the staff has observed that visitorsdo not like the captioning and will not stay to viewthe video program.

Visitor Center Information DeskThe information desk incorporates a variety offunctions. Staff provides basic information andorientation, conduct bookstore sales, interpret thefossil preparation lab, and supervise a small workarea where children complete Junior Rangerprogram activities, and make fossil rubbings, andvisitors date stamp their "Passport to the NationalParks". The desk is also home to the ElectronicRanger, an interactive computer program. (seedescription in interpretive media section, page 33.)

On one side of the information desk is the fossilpreparation lab. On the other side of the desk is asmall sales area operated by IntermountainNatural History Association.

Analysis:

Due to its size, the sales area is limited mainly tobooks. The outlet's annual sales are profitable.Size prohibits sale of three-dimensional themerelated items.

Fossil Preparation LabAdjacent to the information desk on the left is aglass enclosed fossil preparation lab used by thepaleontologist or trained staff and volunteers toprepare fossil specimens. Visitors view live demon-strations through sliding glass windows that openinto the lobby. A video camera attached to themicroscope projects a magnified image of the fossilto a monitor above the window. When the lab isnot in use, visitors may view a push-button acti-vated three-minute film on fossil excavation andpreparation.

Analysis:

• The visitor center design emphasizes fossilpreparation as an important activity. Howevermost of the time this area is not staffed andvisitors are clearly disappointed they can notwitness this activity first-hand.

• The power equipment used to prepare speci-mens is noisy. Use of the lab equipment over-whelms conversations at the information deskand intrudes into the multipurpose and exhibitareas.

Multi-Purpose Room/ Audiovisual AreaBeyond the information desk and sales area is themulti-purpose/audiovisual room. Most of the timethis space serves as an auditorium for viewing a 13-minute film "Lance and Paul Go Fishing"

18

Existing Conditions

produced by the Harpers Ferry Center. This roomseats 30 and is also used for indoor programs andactivities for school groups. The chairs can beremoved if necessary.

Analysis: This section evaluates the physicalspace. Evaluation of the film follows in the inter-pretive media section.

• The size of the multi-purpose area is inadequatefor school groups. In addition, tour groupslarger than 30 cannot be accommodated simulta-neously, an issue when tour groups are on tightschedules.

• Sounds from all other visitor center areas impairhearing the audio portion of the video. In turn,sound from any activity held in this room infil-trates into the exhibit and information deskareas.

Exhibit AreaThe 600 square foot exhibit area displays originaland replica fossil specimens of different flora andfauna (primarily fish) excavated in the Fossil Lakeregion, with detailed information about each. Atime-line places the ancient Eocene Fossil Lake incontext with the evolution of the earth and itsvarious animal groups - reptile, mammal, amphib-ian, insect, etc. Opposite the time-line, a largecolor mural portrays an artist's rendition of howthis section of southwestern Wyoming appearedfifty million years ago and the creatures that inhab-ited Fossil Lake. The exhibit area also includes anexhibit on how fossils are formed.

Analysis:

• The focus of current exhibits is primarily on the

fossil specimens as museum objects. Althoughthe mural provides some visual context about theenvironment in which a particular species lived,there is not enough emphasis or connectionbetween the fossil specimen displayed and theancient ecosystem to enhance visitor under-standing of this very complex resource.

• The exhibit space does not allow for compre-hensive interpretation of the monument's story.There are fossil specimens that could be exhib-ited and themes that could be interpreted, butthere is no space to do so.

• Many museum exhibits are outdated. Results ofsignificant research, undertaken since the visitorcenter opened, needs incorporating into newexhibits. At present, the staff must explain inac-curacies and recent developments.

• Visitors are disappointed when they discoverthey are seeing fossil replicas rather than realfossils from the monument.

•The lights in the exhibit area are hot and createbuilding temperature problems in the summer.Nine tilting (height adjustable to accommodatechildren and visitors in wheelchairs) exhibitcases have a defective and dangerous lightingsystem.

Staff OfficesThe building has three "behind-the-scene" roomsused for office space. The superintendent andadministrative staff each have separate offices; thethird "multi-function" room accommodates officespace for the chief ranger, lead interpreter, paleon-tologist/museum specialist, biological technician,seasonals and volunteers. The 409 square footroom also houses the library and serves as stafflunch area.

19

Existing Conditions

Visitors in exhibit room, NPS photo

Analysis:

Due to the professionalism of the staff, visitors arecompletely unaware of the extremely crampedworking conditions behind the scenes. The staff isso good at compensating that, in this instance,excellence in service inadvertently undermines anyattempt to gain approval to proceed with correct-ing this major facility deficit -- the basic opera-tional requirement to provide adequate space for avariety of monument functions.

Porch AreaDuring the summer, rangers present formal inter-pretive programs on the east porch. A Mark IIIBinocular enhances wildlife viewing on the sur-rounding hillsides. A wayside exhibit identifiesand describes fossil quarry sites visible from thevisitor center.

Analysis:

• Consider interchangeable seasonal waysides tointerpret specific wildlife topics such as sagegrouse, elk, or a permanent wayside that featuresyear-round wildlife cycles. The second alterna-tive may be easier to maintain and there are nostorage requirements.

• This is a good location to interpret the sagebrushecosystem.

Scenic Drive

Lots of things jelled for me here. It was important to

have the bird's eye view of the entire ecosystem from

Cundick Ridge. Workshop Participant

From the visitor center, a 7.5-mile (3.5 miles paved,4 gravel) scenic drive takes visitor past differentviews of Fossil Butte and the surrounding basin tothe top of Cundick Ridge. From Cundick Ridgehikers can follow abandoned two-track roads toscenic vistas. Along the drive there are a variety ofvisitor opportunities:

• two pull-offs with waysides interpret area floraand fauna of today and 50 million years ago.

• Chicken Creek Picnic Area, a small aspen-shaded site, is approximately 2.5 miles north ofthe visitor center.

• From the picnic area visitors can access theFossil Lake Trail or a second trailhead located100 yards north of the picnic area; and, when inoperation, visit the monument's research quarry.

It is along Cundick Ridge that the monumentboundary meets Bureau of Land Managementlands and the monument's scenic road connects toan unpaved BLM two-track road, now under con-sideration for a designated "Backcountry Byway".

Analysis:

• There are major safety issues in promoting thescenic drive. The road is narrow and lacksadequate signs. When two vehicles meet on theuphill section, one must drive in reverse to awider section.

• Most visitors are unaware of the scenic drive.The monument's official uni-grid brochure doesnot describe this opportunity, nor does itprovide an adequate map to assist with this expe-rience. Visitors often learn about the scenic drivefrom a staff member at the visitor center.

20

Existing Conditions

View from hairpin turn along the scenicdrive, NPS photo

• At the top of Cundick Ridge, there are no desig-nated pull-offs for parking to view the spectacu-lar scenery, and key natural and cultural featuresare not identified or interpreted.

• The monument is within ten miles of the Oregonand California Trails. Visitors are interested inthe pioneer story and the proposed BackcountryByway would more easily connect them to it.

• The proposed byway route provides views of theboundaries of ancient Fossil Lake.

• It is important for the monument to support thebyway because:

• designation of the byway may help fund improvements along the monument's scenic road and vistas.

• it would provide broader access to the area's history. There is an advantage to telling the local history outside of the monument boundary and not wedging it into the monument's primary story.

• considering the monument mission, it is important to pursue a partnership that may also provide a route to an accessible research quarry site.

Self-Guiding Interpretive Trails

Historic Quarry TrailThe 2.5-mile Historic Quarry Trail leads to aninactive historic quarry (used prior to the estab-lishment of the monument) on the south side ofFossil Butte. Fourteen wayside exhibits along thetrail interpret the cultural history and presentecology of the area. The trail is moderately strenu-ous and visitors are warned to avoid overexertion.In the quarry eight new interpretive signs identifyfive rock layers of the Fossil Butte Green RiverFormation. These signs comply with the new

National Park Service Messaging Project guide-lines, so their appearance differs from olderwayside exhibits in the monument.

Earlier planning efforts identified several visitorexperience goals. Along this trail visitors will havethe opportunity to:

• learn about the history of fossil collecting onFossil Butte,

• be introduced to the paleontology and geologyof the Green River and Wasatch formations,

• experience fossils "in-situ" at the historic quarry,and

• learn about site-specific natural history oftoday's high-desert environment.

Since 1994, buried trail counters indicate thateleven percent of visitors hike this trail.

Analysis:

• The trailhead and parking lot precedes thevisitor center. Some visitors hike the trail or usethe restrooms at the trailhead (visible from theroadway) before stopping in the visitor center.

• Trailhead information should include heat stress,dehydration, lightning strike risk, elevation gainand other safety information.

• Six of 18 wayside panels contain conceptual ortechnical errors.

• The history of fossil collecting as presented onthe wayside exhibits excludes the scientists whofirst brought the world's attention to fossils fromthe Green River Formation.

• A directional sign at the junction of the trail loopwould encourage visitors to follow a specific

21

Existing Conditions

David Haddenham’s summer cabin is situatedalong the Historic Quarry Trail, NPS photo

route and would allow for a more thematicapproach.

• The Historic Quarry Trail provides visitors withan experience that touches on theme 5-sweepingvistas and open skies.

Fossil Lake TrailThis 1.5-mile trail is accessible from the ChickenCreek Picnic Area or a separate trailhead along thescenic drive. The trail winds through aspen standsand meadows and in close proximity to geologicalfeatures composed of ancient limestone lake sedi-ments. Three new wayside exhibits along the trailinterpret the aspen community, sagebrush commu-nity and fossil quarry. These waysides comply withthe new NPS Messaging Project guidelines so theirappearance is different from the other waysideexhibits in the national monument.

The visitor experience goal for this trail is forvisitors to understand geology's active role in thelandscape and provide an opportunity to seefossils "in-situ" when the research quarry is inoperation.

Near the trail's halfway point, a spur trail leads tothe research quarry. The quarry is open 10:00 a.m.to 3:00 p.m., Saturdays and Sundays, June throughAugust, weather permitting. On those days, visitorsaccess the site from the trail and may assist amember of the paleontology staff with the scien-tific excavation of fossils. When the quarry isclosed, a signed chain barrier placed across thetrail indicates its closure. Although a sign encour-ages visitors to respect monument resources andnot remove fossils, some vandalism and collectingoccur when this area is closed.

Eight percent of visitors hike the Fossil Lake Trail.

Analysis:

• The name of the trail does not match theprimary experience offered - nature in motion.

• Trailhead information should indicate elevationgain, dehydration risk, and other safety issues.

• The panoramic vistas are spectacular. A hikealong the Fossil Lake Trail provides visitors withan experience that touches on interpretive theme5 - sweeping vistas and open skies.

Interpretive Media

Audio Visual PresentationsThere are two push-button-start, captioned audiovisual presentations offered in the visitorcenter:

1. "Lance and Paul Go Fishing": a 13 minute orien-tation video conveys the importance of fossils inlearning about the past, and

2. a 3-minute film about fossil excavation andpreparation is offered at the fossil preparationlab as an alternative experience when there is nodemonstration.

Both videos are popular, but misleading. Little issaid regarding the cultural history tied to fossil col-lecting. Both need a stronger preservationmessage.

Analysis "Lance and Paul Go Fishing:• The film is accurate but fails to address how the

boundaries and resources of Fossil Butte

22

Existing Conditions

National Monument relate to the bigger picture -the larger ancient lake ecosystem.

• The quarrying sequences were filmed outsidethe monument and cause many visitor miscon-ceptions. Although interesting, these segmentsconfuse the public who generally assume thatthey will find this type of activity at themonument's research quarry. They will not.

• The monument wants to convert the Laserdiscand original video footage to a DVD format.

Analysis Fossil Prep Lab Film:

• On-screen captions are not verbatim to the nar-rative. They should either be verbatim or createdas informational subtitles.

• Need text at the end of the film that says "TheEnd". As it is, visitors continue watching,expecting more.

• Relocate audiovisual equipment outside of thedusty lab environment.

Electronic RangerTwo volunteers created this interactive computerprogram that leads visitors through topics offossils, geology, and modern day inhabitants of thesagebrush steppe ecosystem via narrated colorphotographs. Navigating through the varioustopics by touch-screen provides perspective on theinterrelationships between the sub-tropical envi-ronment of the past and today's high desert envi-ronment.

Visitors who don't venture beyond the visitorcenter can access detailed information about thenatural environment. Those who hike the trails,drive the scenic road, or visit the research quarrycan learn more about the geology, fossils, plants

and animals they may encounter along the way.

Analysis:

• If the volunteers are unavailable to work with thestaff in the future, staff training will be requiredin order to maintain this program.

• The electronic ranger is situated on the frontdesk, the center of activity. Because of this, mostvisitors are unaware of the program. The inter-active program would better serve the visitor ifplaced in a stand-alone cabinet away from thefront desk.

• The push of a button enables visitors to pagethrough" each fossil bearing layer of the virtualresearch quarry. This section of the program isin its infancy and needs further development.

ExhibitsDiscussed in previous Facilities/Visitor CenterSection, page 19.

PublicationsHarpers Ferry Center produced unigrid brochureanalysis:

• Enlarge the map, provide relief, and feature moreprominently. Place more emphasis on facilitiesand visitor opportunities.

• Visitors do not understand the back side of thebrochure that links fossil parks in the NationalPark Service to the evolution of life over the last65 million years (Cenozoic Era). Visitors thinkall of the creatures depicted in the brochure arefound in the monument - that they existedduring the Fossil Lake period.

• Brochure photographs do not illustrate thediversity of the ancient Fossil Lake ecosystem,

23

Existing Conditions

now Fossil Butte National Monument. Thebrochure should represent the diversity of themonument and ecosystem by including photosof a turtle, snake, bird, insects, plants, bat, andother mammals.

Wayside ExhibitsFossil Butte National Monument has 28 waysides:18 along the Historic Quarry Trail and 1 in the trail-head parking lot; 3 along the Fossil Lake Trail and 2at the trailheads; 1 on the visitor center porch, and3 along the monument's scenic road. The panelsrepresent various design generations and do notpresent a unified NPS messaging system.

Analysis:

The staff has made noble attempts to tell the storyof the ancient fossil lake landscape and historicquarry operations in the monument using the HFCWayside Technical Assistance Program. However,it is time to take a comprehensive look at waysidedevelopment. Wayside exhibits have great poten-tial to assist management and convey safety andresource management messages. They alsoenhance visitors experience by interpreting thegeology of the region as it appeared 50 millionyears ago as a subtropical environment. Waysideswould contribute greatly to the fossil preservationmessage and the geologic scene if strategicallyplaced throughout the monument and neighboringpartner areas. Waysides would also assist visitorswith site orientation and visitor experienceplanning.

WebsiteIn FY02, the staff, with volunteer assistance,created the "In Depth" webpage link from theServicewide template.

Analysis:

• The website is informative and creates a positivefirst-impression. However, it is not easy tonavigate. In order to get from the Servicewidetemplate cover page to monument specific infor-mation, the virtual visitor needs to know toselect "In Depth". Lack of direct connection tothis information from the cover page makes navi-gation cumbersome. From the "In Depth" pagevisitors can receive information on:

• trip planning, educational programming, and site specific learning opportunities. Recent research conducted in Fossil Basin is available via links to the scientists' websites.

• maps and photographs of the monument, facilities, and fossils.

• partner areas. • Some "In Depth" partner links are broken

including the Kemmerer Chamber ofCommerce, the Wyoming Chapter of OCTA, andthe Oregon-California Trail Association. TheIntermountain Natural History Association linkdoes not connect to the Association's front page.

• The staff needs Servicewide web training inorder to make the website more visitor-friendly.Currently, the staff can make only very simpleupdates to the Servicewide/park cover pagetemplate, and none to the "In Depth" extendedpages.

24

Existing Conditions

Media AssetsMedia Assets include other available resources thatsupport the design of personal services programsor other interpretive media (exhibits, publications,website, etc.)

Museum CollectionsThe catalogued collection includes archives (paperrecords, photographs, videotapes, and aerial pho-tography) fossils (mammals, fish, plants, insects,trace fossils), study skins, herbarium, and artifacts.

Issues:

Much of the collection from the monument'sresearch quarry is common species. The moreuncommon mammal, reptile, and even bird fossilsare found outside monument boundaries. Thesespecimens come into the collection rarely througha temporary loan.

All rare fossils are reproductions. The collectionof "original" fossils lacks diversity: there are nomammal, reptile, bird or amphibian fossils fromthe Eocene era. The monument's collection islimited.

Many of the photographs are not digitized, whichlimits access by interpreters and scholars.

The monument lacks sufficient temporary exhibitspace to display and interpret new finds from on-going scientific research and loans from commer-cial quarries.

Interpretive CollectionThe interpretive collection includes original and

fossil replicas from the Eocene Green River andWasatch Formations and other geologic eras, rocksamples, modern animal skulls, antlers, bones,magnifiers, laminated images, a spotting scope,and other props.

Issue:

The interpretive collection is stored where space isavailable. Storage should be located in a centralarea and be easily accessible to interpretive staff.

Monument LibrariesThe General Reference Library is available foruse by the seasonal staff for interpretive programpreparation. The library is expanding due to anannual donation from INHA and targeted fundsfrom the monument's donation account.

The Research Library is a catalogued collectionmanaged by the museum specialist. It is availableto staff and by appointment only to outsideresearchers. The collection includes referencematerial on earth sciences, life science, archeology,history of the monument, rare books, and relatedstudies including master's theses and doctoral dis-sertations, maps, and periodicals.

Monument Goals for Libraries:Develop the research library into a referencecenter for the Green River and Wasatch forma-tions.

Pursue funding to upgrade the cataloguing to the"Voyageur Catalogue Program" for inclusion onthe Servicewide parknet website. Both libraries arecatalogued in the NPS "Procite" cataloguecomputer program.

25

Existing Conditions

13’ juvenile crocodile,Leidyosuchus; replica,Photo by Jeff Vanuga

Issues:

1. The monument does not have sufficient staff orfunds to promote scholarly access.

2. Space. Behind the scene work areas are verylimited. An expanding library collection magni-fies the problem.

3. The impacts of limited staffing include: • data entry to catalogue new materials

occurs only during winter months. • current staff levels prohibit upgrade to the

new Servicewide catalogue program. • the frequency of trips to obtain newly pub-

lished research (dissertations and masters theses) is limited to once a year. At minimum, biannual trips are necessary to obtain up-to-date research. These trips also provide a strong connection with students for future projects and hiring opportunities. Trips to the University ofUtah or Brigham Young University take oneto two days to complete and require an overnight stay.

Personal Services

Staff

Permanent StaffThe GS-12 Chief Ranger (I &RM ) position, vacantsince May 2003, oversees the interpretive divisionat Fossil Butte National Monument. The GS 9Lead Interpretive Ranger plans and conductsinterpretive programs year round and supervisesthe front-line summer staff. Strong geology andbiology backgrounds are criticalrecruitment/hiring requirements for interpretive

positions.

• October through April the lead interpreter isresponsible for visitor center operations includ-ing the information desk, bookstore sales, fossilpreparation lab demonstrations, providingprograms requested by large groups (bus tours,school classes), and outreach.

• Seasonal staff, May through September, consistsof one GS-5 and one or two GS-4 seasonal inter-pretive rangers, two Student ConservationAssociation (SCA) interns, and oneIntermountain Natural History Association(INHA) sales clerk.

Volunteers and InternsThe monument relies on the Volunteer In ParksProgram to make up for eroded staffing and oper-ating funds. On average, and mostly from Maythrough October, fourteen volunteers per yearcomplement staffing at Fossil Butte NationalMonument. They provide crucial assistance tointerpretation (1599 hours), and resource manage-ment (248 hours), curatorial/paleontology (447hours), and administrative and maintenanceprojects. Sixty-eight percent of the hoursprovided during FY 2004 were in the interpretivedivision. Fossil Butte receives $1000 dollars fromthe Intermountain Region to assist with themonument's VIP program. Volunteers are reim-bursed for mileage and uniform costs ($2,172/year).Total FY04 VIP/Intern expenditures were $8,830($7,830 from monument donation account).

Volunteers and interns assist with front desk oper-ations (439 hours), fossil preparation demonstra-tions (54 hours), weekend quarry programs (334hours), Junior and Senior Ranger program (35

26

Existing Conditions

hours), roving (86 hours), and school groups (20hours). They perform a crucial role in the successof the interpretive program by contributing to bothvisitor satisfaction and the understanding of themonument story. Projects in other divisionsinclude wildlife monitoring, exotic plant control,stream restoration, cataloging museum specimens,fossil surveys, fossil excavation, filing, fence repair,and trail maintenance.

The Student Conservation Association funds onetwelve-week internship from May 1-July 24th. Themonument donation account supports the secondinternship scheduled August 1 through October23rd. Four days/week are dedicated to the inter-pretive division and one day/week to resourcemanagement projects.

The Geological Society of America funds twelveweeks of a fifteen-week internship. Themonument's donation account supports theremaining nine weeks. On Saturday and Sundayduring the summer this intern operates theresearch quarry providing visitors the opportunityto assist in the scientific collection of fossils. Threedays/week they assist the museum specialist withcataloging and fossil surveys.

The past five years, Fossil Butte NationalMonument hosted seasonal international volun-teer interns from Canada, Scotland, England, andRussia. They provided assistance to the interpre-tive division 20 hours/week.

Staffing Analysis:

The planning team was impressed with the dedica-tion, accomplishments, and quality of interpretiveservices provided at the monument. It is evidentthat visitors feel welcome and interact with aninformed and friendly staff. The 2004 AnnualVisitor Survey Card (VSC) survey reported 96% ofvisitors to Fossil Butte National Monument weresatisfied with facilities and visitor services.

• Assigned collateral duties consume approxi-mately 75% of the lead interpreter's time. Inaddition to presenting programs, the lead inter-pretive ranger hires, supervises, and trains theseasonal interpretive staff, and coordinates theVolunteer in Parks Program and the CooperatingAssociation Program. Year-round, 10% - 15% ofthe workweek is devoted to managing the fireprogram and 5-10% to coordinating theVolunteer in Park and Intermountain NaturalHistory Association. In the absence of a chiefranger, the lead interpreter is responsible forpreparing GPRA goals for the interpretivedivision, writing the annual interpretive plan,and preparing other planning documents. Inaddition, when the chief of maintenance isabsent, the lead interpreter acts as back-up watertreatment operator. In summary, what thismeans is that generally the lead interpretiveranger spends only 5 - 10 % of the work yearconducting interpretive programs or planningnew ones.

• The current interpretive operation is dependenton all other divisions for visitor center operation.Basic operation and successful program expan-sion requires at least one additional full-time

27

Existing Conditions

interpretive position. This second position iscritical for successful program expansion.

• Any variations in staff due to transfers or funding reductions mandate a cutback in the programs and services.

• October - April, 36% of the interpretive workweek (the lead interpreter's days off) is covered by another staff member from a different program area including: the museum technician, administrative staff, or superintendent. This problem is magnified during holidays, vacations, and unsched-uled sick leave.

• It is difficult to promote tours when coverage takes away from another program area.

Interpretive TrainingThe permanent staff strives to provide seasonaland volunteer interpretive staff with the trainingand experience to develop into top-notch inter-preters. The goal is for every visitor to leave FossilButte National Monument with all the informationthey desire, plus a little more. The seasonal staffattends 40 hours of training in May. Trainingincludes the history and mission of the NationalPark Service, paleontology and geology of FossilBasin, flora and fauna of Fossil Butte NationalMonument, interpretive techniques, first aid, andCPR. Training follows Interpretive DevelopmentProgram principles, the basis of all National ParkService interpretive products.

Analysis:

• Funding for the permanent interpretive staff toattend training is inconsistent.

• Travel restrictions now limit attendance to one

training activity per year.• Collateral duty assignments such as fire training

preclude attendance at desired interpretivetraining opportunities.

• A bonus for the interpretive staff is interactingwith the scientists doing research in Fossil Basin,which greatly enhances their knowledge of themonument's story.

Interpretive Program

Porch ProgramsTwenty-minute "Porch Programs" are the primaryformal programs offered by the interpretive staff.Scheduled daily during the summer at 10:00 a.m.,12:00 p.m., and 2:00 p.m. on the east porch of thevisitor center, programs introduce visitors to thearea's geology and fossil resources. Approximately22 percent of visitors attend these programs.

Analysis:

Because there is no shade in this area, visitors sit inthe direct sun. Program attendance is drasticallyreduced on hot summer days.

Junior/Senior Ranger ProgramThe self-directed Junior and Senior Rangerprograms provide the opportunity for all visitors toexpand their experience at Fossil Butte. This 1-3hour program utilizes booklets for four age groupsand includes a ranger-led hands-on opportunity to"clean a fossil" using a plaster covered fossilreplica. This activity is the "highlight" of the visitfor many.

28

Existing Conditions

Seasonal staff get a lesson on stratigraphy,NPS photo

Interpretive porch program, NPS photo

Fossil Lab Preparation DemonstrationsLive fossil preparation demonstrations are popularwith visitors of all ages. These demonstrations arescheduled during the busiest part of the day,usually between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. but noton a regular basis because of limited staffing.During summer 2004, 13 hours of fossil prepara-tion demonstrations occurred each week (1-2hours/day, seven days/week); 35 hours per weekare desirable.

Analysis:

• Many visitors leave disappointed because theywere not able to see this activity.

• Staff and volunteers conducting this programrequire training from the monument paleontolo-gist.

• Time to set-up/take down equipment and speci-mens is required.

Interpretation at Research Quarry

Somehow we need to juxtapose the difference

between a research quarry and the care that is taken

not to destroy evidence with what we saw at the

commercial quarry. There we saw massive destruc-

tion of a landscape, where a tremendous amount of

waste seems to occur. Workshop Participant

The purpose of the research quarry is describedpreviously in "Other Planning Considerations".This section of the document will address theinterpretive component of the research quarry.

On weekends, June through August, visitors mayaccess the research quarry from the Fossil Lake

Trail. An intern paleontologist works in the quarrycollecting baseline data. After an introduction,visitors may assist in the scientific collection offossil specimens. This "hands-on program"creates an interpretive opportunity while simulta-neously carrying out scientific research.

Analysis of the Interpretive Program at the Quarry:

• This is a very important experience. However,lack of shade tends to shorten participants' timeat the quarry.

• Most visitors do not venture past the visitorcenter.

• The lack of staff and limited fossil storage spacerestricts this program to weekends.

• Visitor participation in ongoing research andexcavation provides opportunities to learn aboutthe importance of leaving fossils in place. This isan interactive way to approach monument regu-lations protecting fossil resources.

Roving InterpretationRoving interpretation is scheduled twice a day in3-hour blocks on Saturday and Sunday, and twice aday in two-hour blocks Monday through Fridayduring the summer.

Roving presents an opportunity for visitors tointeract with NPS staff in the natural environmentof the monument. Spontaneous interpretivecontacts facilitate a connection between the inter-ests of visitors and the significance of themonument.

Analysis:

• Prior to FY03, summer staff self-scheduled

29

Existing Conditions

roving assignments, but never quite found thetime to get out in the field. Daily scheduling bythe lead interpreter has eliminated this void.

• Priority lies in scheduling staff to cover the infor-mation desk and formal interpretive programs.Roving interpretation rarely occurs Septemberthrough May.

Educational Programs

On-site ProgramsFormal on-site educational programs at FossilButte National Monument are very successful. In2004, 705 students (28% of the monument's visita-tion) participated in the environmental educationprogram.

Program goal: to impart a special appreciation forpaleontological resources and encourage a preser-vation ethic in participating youth.

Off-site ProgramsOutreach programs include occasional visits toKemmerer area school classrooms, Fossil CountryMuseum-sponsored children's campfire program,activities for the annual Kemmerer Fossil-Fest cel-ebration, and occasional teacher workshops.

Traveling Fossil Education KitsIn 1993, Fossil Butte National Monument devel-oped a fossil education curriculum and travelingkit for 2nd and 3rd grade students through a Parksas Classrooms project grant. The curriculum andkit assist teachers who introduce fossils in theirscience curriculum. Fifteen kits are available toteachers throughout the continental USA.Teachers can use the kits for six weeks and areresponsible for return postage. The popular kits,

available since 1994, reach approximately 600students (20 classes) each year.

Interpretive Program Analysis • The monument does not have sufficient staff to

interpret the broader story of the Fossil Lakesystem.

• The current program does not address interpre-tive themes four (cultural history) and five(unencumbered vistas and skies).

• The public is interested in the research quarryand the fossil preparation lab but visitor access tothese areas is limited due to staffing levels.

• Most of the 20,000 annual visitation is duringthe "visitor season" from Memorial Dayweekend through Labor Day weekend. Evenwith seasonal staff, the monument is oftenunable to meet visitor expectations for live fossildemonstration preparations, quarry visits, andadditional activities such as guided hikes.

• April, May, September and October are themonths for school group visits. Many seniorsand retirees also visit during these months, often30-40 each day. Unfortunately, they often missout on programs because the seasonal inter-preters are busy with school groups and cannotpresent fossil demonstrations and other formalprograms.

• November through March visitation is minimaland sporadic, occurring usually on weekends. Asonly one ranger staffs the visitor center throughthe winter months, formal weekend programsare impossible to provide. The interpretiveprogram is limited to covering the visitor centerand visiting classes in Kemmerer. The visitorcenter remains open during the off seasonbecause closure will not accrue cost savings. Themuseum specialist, backed up by the administra-

30

Existing Conditions

Playing the Fossilization Game, NPSphoto

tive staff, covers the information desk when thelead interpreter is off.

PartnershipsPartnerships with federal, state, local and privateentities continue to enhance the interpretiveprogram in a variety of aspects

Research• For more than 20 years Loma Linda University

and the Chicago Field Museum of NaturalHistory have contributed significantly to FossilButte National Monument's research program.Both provided technical assistance for visitorcenter exhibits in the 1980s and continue toprovide the monument with the latest scientificinformation.

Dr. Paul Buchheim of Loma Linda Universitycompleted a three-year project investigating thepaleoecology of a recently discovered fossilifer-ous bed in the upper member of the Green RiverFormation. Dr. Buchheim is currently assistingthe monument in mapping 12 geological 7.5-minute quadrangles that will include themonument and surrounding area. This projectwill be completed in 2006.

Dr. Lance Grande of the Chicago Field Museumof Natural History began his studies of the pale-ontology of Fossil Basin in the 1970s, and hasmaintained an association with Fossil ButteNational Monument for many years. Althoughthe bulk of his field work takes place outsidemonument boundaries, his contributions to theunderstanding of this unique paleoenvironmentenable the interpretive staff to present an

increasingly more detailed picture of the past.His work has made the Field Museum of NaturalHistory the world's most complete repository ofGreen River Formation fossils.

In 2004, the Chicago Field Museum and FossilButte National Monument formed a partnershipto display unique and scientifically importantfossils. Specimens from the Field Museum'sGreen River Formation fossil collection willrotate through exhibit cases at the monument'svisitor center. These temporary displays willaddress the diversity of life discovered in FossilLake and the scientific research that hasoccurred in Fossil Basin beyond the monumentboundary.

• The University of Michigan studied the fossils ofthe Wasatch Formation between 1995 and 1997. Amanuscript describing their findings is in prepa-ration for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

• During summer 2001, Karen S. Hockett andJoseph W. Roggenbuck from Virginia Tech inBlacksburg, Virginia conducted a two-part visitorstudy. Part one assessed visitor characteristicsand the influence of information acquired at thevisitor center on their fossil knowledge andethics. Part two addressed the influence ofinterpretation on visitor attitudes and behaviortowards fossils. Findings from this researchassist the monument in evaluation of visitorservices.

31

Existing Conditions

Dr. Lance Grande,ichthyologist,NPS photo

Dr. Paul Buchheim,sedimentologist,NPS photo

Cooperating AssociationThe Intermountain Natural History Association(INHA), formerly Dinosaur Nature Association,operates a sales outlet in the visitor center.Educational items for sale include publications,posters, postcards, video programs, and fossilreplicas. Convenience items include film, bottledwater, and environmentally friendly mosquitospray. The association supports monument inter-pretive efforts through donations for education,donation incentives, library publications, and fossilpreparation tools for visitor demonstrations.

Budget constraints in FY 2003-2005 preventedINHA from providing their yearly cash donation,which historically averages $5200. The INHAboard hopes to resolve this issue prior to 2006. Ifnot resolved, the monument may reconsider itsagreement with INHA and consider partnershipwith a different cooperating association.

Fossil Country MuseumCurrently on display at the Fossil CountryMuseum is a monument-developed, temporaryexhibit that introduces visitors to the well-pre-served fossils of Fossil Basin. The museumprovides a unique opportunity to interpret themonument's themes through exhibits andprograms. Fossil Butte National Monument alsoparticipates in museum-sponsored summercampfire programs.

Wyoming Geologic SurveyThe Wyoming Geologic Survey is developingseveral sales items available through theIntermountain Natural History Association at thevisitor center. A poster featuring the fishes of

Fossil Lake, scientific research volumes, a fossilfish card game, "Then and Now" publication com-paring modern and ancient organisms, and post-cards are some of the proposed interpretive items.

Rare fossils discovered on state lands are turnedover to the geologic survey and occasionallyloaned to the monument. In 1988 a rare bat fossiland in 1996 a crocodile scute were loaned to themonument for public display. The Survey is cur-rently preparing a bird for display at themonument.

Private Fossil Quarry OperatorsA unique partnership exists with the commercialfossil quarry operators of Fossil Basin. Someprovide fossil specimens for use in fossil prepara-tion demonstrations at the visitor center. Manyinvite the monument paleontologist to documentand photograph unique fossil and geology speci-mens, or loan the specimens for public display atthe visitor center. One commercial fossil quarryallows Dr. Grande to collect scientific specimensfor his research on the evolution of fishes. Somedonate specimens to the monument and allow thestaff to visit their quarries during seasonal training.

Fossil Butte National Monument's excavation offossils is limited and small scale to preserve non-renewable fossil resources. Without cooperationfrom commercial fossil quarry operators, much ofthe information about the diversity of life of FossilLake would not be available.

32

Existing Conditions

Issues and InfluencesThe July 2002 Foundation Workshop identifiedtwo different management issues that could beaddressed through interpretation:

Issue 1:How should Fossil Butte National Monumentinterpret the ancient lake ecosystem that extendedwell beyond the current monument boundary?

Background:Today, the national monument landscape protectsonly a small portion of the original Fossil Lake andthe larger Green River Lake ecosystem. Thenational monument consists of 13 square miles(8,198 acres) of the ancient Eocene Epoch FossilLake, which covered at least 900 square miles or595,200 acres. Lands that were once part of thelarger ancient ecosystem today cross state bound-aries and are owned by many different landholders - private, state, and federal. Currently nopartnership organization exists to voice thebroader interpretive story.

Issue 2:How can the national monument interpretiveprogram reduce visitor misunderstanding regard-ing NPS regulations that prohibit commercial fossildigging in the monument and convey that fossilsare non-renewable resources?

Background:The national monument is located in an areawhere digging for fossils is a large commercialactivity. There are 10 or more legal quarries justoutside the monument boundary. In addition, theWyoming Travel and Tourism Department

promotes "Fishing for Fossils" to attract visitors.Visitors are confused regarding the rules and regu-lations for collecting fossils. Some "fossil-fishing"activities are allowed in locations (private and statelands) a few miles from the national monument,yet these same activities are illegal at Fossil ButteNational Monument and on surrounding Bureauof Land Management lands.

33

Existing Conditions

RecommendationsInterpretive planning analyzes significant needsand recommends a wide array of interpretiveservices, facilities, programs, and opportunities forpartnerships to communicate in the most efficientand effective way the monument's purpose, signifi-cance, and values.

This "Recommendations Section" is a descriptionof programs, media proposals, and partnershipsdesigned to realize the visions, objectives, themes,and visitor experiences previously described forFossil Butte National Monument. The recom-mended methods of presentation should not limitcreativity in the development of personal servicesor media design.

Planning Criteria to Address DuringImplementationDuring the development of the Long-RangeInterpretive Plan seven areas were consistentlyidentified as the areas that require the most signifi-cant emphasis to interpret monument themes andachieve management goals for interpretation andvisitor services. All recommendations reflect andsupport this program emphasis. These areasinclude:

1. It is crucial that NPS stewardship philosophiesand site interpretive program messages, opera-tions, and practices unite to provide a positivevisitor experience that supports desired manage-ment objectives. The interpretive programshould: • communicate the inherent scientific and

educational value of paleontological

resources.• better define the NPS mission at the monument• work with the Wyoming Travel and Tourism

Department to ensure the monument preserva-tion message is not mixed with the promotionmessage of commercial quarries.

• inform visitors that the monument will prosecuteindividuals when fossils are illegally removedfrom the monument.

2. The planning team feels a balanced discussion of fossil collecting on parklands and an explana-tion of NPS policy is critical in an environmentwhere fossil fishing is promoted as a touristactivity and commercial quarries operate. Theimportance of science and an explanation ofwhy fossils cannot be collected without a scien-tific permit at Fossil Butte should be emphasizedversus a taboo on collecting. During workshopdiscussions, scientists reminded participants thatmany of the world's greatest paleontologistsbegan their studies as youthful collectors curiousabout what was in their backyard. Explainingthe reasons behind policy and practice in anational park area is an important cornerstonefor building understanding and support.

3. Updated and/or new interpretive media andpersonal services should integrate the depth andbreadth of the monument story. The approachshould: (a) focus on what fossils tell us about theancient ecosystem, evolution and adaptationrather than an object emphasis approach thatfocuses solely on fossil identification; (b) foster aself-guided visitor experience that demonstratesthe connection between field research in aquarry, fossil preparation, and ongoing scientific

34

RECOMMENDATIONS

study; (c) convey the excitement of what waslearned, how new information (or importantfossil "finds") was discovered, and its signifi-cance to the scientific community; (d) integratethe area's cultural history into the story of theongoing understanding of this unique and worldrenown fossil-rich area; and (e) explain:

• how the 21st century landscape relates to the boundaries of ancient Fossil Lake and the geo-dynamics that caused these changes.

• from 50 million years ago to today, what and where in the world are the related tropical species that evolved from the ancient Fossil Lake environment?

4. Pre-visit and on-site media should encouragevisitors to experience opportunities beyond thevisitor center.

5. The staff feels they are under-serving studentand senior groups.

6. The staff is unable to devote the time requiredto pursue partnerships necessary to interpret theancient lake system beyond monument bound-aries.

7. An accessible fossil quarry is an importantvisitor experience. The quarry demonstrates theimportance of scientific research and carefuldocumentation, provides visitors with a hands-on experience, and promotes a preservationethic.

Common Elements to All MonumentInterpretationThe following principles apply to all interpretation

at Fossil Butte National Monument:

• All interpretation will address physical and pro-grammatic accessibility.

• When possible, actual fossils (preferably fromFossil Basin and monument-specific examples)will bring the story alive for visitors.

• When possible, the monument will partner withscientists, universities, landowners, nearby landmanagement agencies, institutions and quarriesto develop programs, media, share research, etc.

• The monument will implement recommenda-tions from the National Park Service IdentityProject as interpretive media and signs areupgraded.

• Interpretation will include examples and per-spectives from diverse scientific and historicalpoints of view.

• When possible, internet "virtual visitors" canview key monument vistas and access newresearch, studies, management plans, and histori-cal information.

All planning team recommendations for facilities,interpretive media, personal services and partner-ships to support the development and delivery ofthe interpretive program are discussed in thissection of the document. Phased implementationpriorities are outlined in the Appendices.

Pre-VisitProvide pre-visit information through the follow-ing venues:

1. by telephone, mail, and the Internet.

2. partner with community leaders to collectively

Recommendations

35

Unidentified bird (replica), NPS photo

market Fossil Butte as a key area attraction, andimprove informational signs directing travelers toFossil Butte National Monument and the com-munity.

3. Target domestic and international tour opera-tors in order to acquaint visitors with the varietyof monument experiences and opportunities.

4. Partner with the Wyoming Travel and TourismDepartment to expand public relations programsto increase off-season (October-April) visitation.Assist with the development of their market-ing/media plan, and coordinate with the localbusiness community to market monument hoursof operation, program schedule, and nearbydining facilities and accommodations. Highlightdramatic weather: monument offers a uniqueindoor winter discovery experience in a museumsetting; promote winter recreational opportuni-ties - cross country skiing, snowshoeing, andwildlife viewing.

5. Utilize website for trip planning. Include safetytips for visitors planning day hikes. Address theneed to carry food, water, and wear appropriatefootwear.

Website

Short-term:• Send lead interpreter to web training and

refresher training as necessary. The web site is auseful tool for successful pre-visit trip planningand the lifeblood of an expanded interpretiveprogram beyond the boundaries of themonument.

• Keep website current, update as required byNational Park Service, and correct broken links.

• Maintain website link to key scientists doing research in Fossil Basin. Update with the latest scientific discoveries in the monument or basin.

• Post new interpretive materials developed on-site for public use.

• Post student/teacher curriculum materials. • Include Superintendent's Page addressing

issues and appropriate behavior in the monument.

Long-term:• Promote scholarly access. Develop an Eocene

geology and paleontology bibliography forresearchers. The database will include docu-ments, archival material, and research librarymaterials.

• Add video clips of someone working at theresearch quarry. When the quarry is operationaladd webcam access for action viewing. Includedemonstrations from the education program andthe fossil preparation lab.

Arrival Experience• Modify the entrance sign with hours of visitor

center and grounds. Encourage visitors to stopfirst at the visitor center and include mileage todifferent destinations.

• Develop a specific message that the removal offossils and other items from the monument isprohibited and that the monument prosecutesviolations. Place signs at the entrance of theHistoric Fossil Quarry Trail and Fossil Lake Trail.

• Locate informational bulletin boards/waysideexhibits outside the visitor center and at all

Recommendations

36

parking lot pull-offs. Encourage a stop at thevisitor center first. Provide information on othermonument experiences with recommended timeestimates. Repeat the fossil removal/monumentpreservation message in all orientation panels.

• Pursue funding to redesign parking lot to accom-modate increased use by recreation vehicles andbuses. Incorporate shaded pet kennel area andwater fountain for visitors and pets.

Facilities

Visitor Center

The visitor center comes across very piece

meal. You have created temporary fixes to address

what is not interpreted in the main exhibit area.

This approach is not highly successful or easy to

follow. This is a complex story that requires a

cohesive approach. Workshop Participant

• Develop the primary visitor experience at thevisitor center in recognition that 90% of thevisitors do not venture further into themonument. The planning team discussed threefunding dependent alternatives. Pursue"Alternative 1" if limited funding is available; or,Alternative 2, or 2A if the monument receivesServicewide Major Exhibit Planning andInstallation funding. (Please note: since this is a10-year plan and the funding climate may changethrough the receipt of Servicewide and/orpartner funding, it is conceivable that alternatives1, 2, and 2A could be achieved over the next 10-year period. The recommendations belowoutline a logical, cost-effective approach.)

Alternative 1:

Exhibits:

• Through the Harpers Ferry Center (HFC) TaskAssist Exhibit Rehabilitation Program, obtaincost estimates for minor rehabilitation of theexhibits. If the cost is reasonable, rehabilitateexisting exhibits in the following priority order:

1. Correct inaccuracies in the Fossil Lake mural including redrawing the tapir, show a greater diversity of plants in the fore-ground, adjusting the snake, and correct other inaccuracies.

2. Correct text inconsistencies and inaccuracies onexhibit panels.

3. Redesign exhibit case and overhead exhibit lighting to reduce energy use, lower heat output,and improve the lighting of the exhibit panelsand artifacts.

4. Remove timeline exhibits and replace with fossilbird tracks and lakeshore exhibit.

Strongly recommend contracting this work with anexhibit fabrication firm with exhibit design capa-bility to ensure modifications are compatible withthe current design.

Audiovisual:

5. Continue use of Fossil Prep Lab video. Add atext disclaimer to program stating the location ofthe quarry featured in the video is outside of themonument boundary. Include an explanation

Recommendations

37

about the monument's research quarry. Obtaincost-estimate from HFC to update video withverbatim narrative captions or informationalsubtitles, add on-screen text "The End", andconvert video to DVD format. Purchase andinstall new DVD equipment in a dust free area.

6. Obtain HFC cost estimate to reformat "Lanceand Paul Go Fishing" to DVD. Add a text dis-claimer stating the location of the quarryfeatured in the video is outside the monumentboundary. Include an explanation about themonument's research quarry. Purchase andinstall new DVD equipment.

7. Continue developing electronic ranger, buildingupon research quarry program and adding asection on human history. Move electronicranger to a stand alone cabinet.

Alternative 2:

Exhibits

• Pursue funding for major exhibit rehabilitation.Any interpretive project costs exceeding$500,000 requires NPS Development AdvisoryBoard review. In addition to addressing primaryinterpretive elements, it is critical to eliminatecompeting noise elements documented in the"Existing Conditions Section". During theexhibit planning/value analysis process considerexpanding the area devoted to interpretation ofthis very complex story by: • relocating staff offices; • adding outdoor exhibits to the visitor

center porch (Alternative 2A); and

• constructing designed/architect approved pod addition.

During this planning/evaluation phase, explorepartnerships to forward mutual goals and facilityand funding needs.

New exhibits should:• Communicate the lake environment diversity• Incorporate interactive exhibits• Include animation of landform changes over

time • Communicate the excitement of past and present

scientific discovery• Incorporate new scientific information • Obtain and incorporate plant, insect, and

mammal fossil specimens representing the diver-sity of the lake environment

• Replace fossil casts with original fossil specimensas possible

• Communicate the wonder and mystery of evolu-tion and extinction

• Compare modern and ancient ecosystems• Present the monument as a center of scholarly

study.• Discuss beneficial and detrimental effects of

fossil collecting• Present the case for the need to preserve fossil

resources• Expand and redesign the sales area to enhance

sales and include more interpretive sales items(See related design comments in the "PersonalServices" recommendations section, pages 45-48.)

Audiovisual:• Proposed videos/AV/interactives for new exhibits

include:• "Fossil Quarry": film paleontologists

uncovering layers and include interactive

Recommendations

38

digital animation of quarry. Make it so the user can click on each layer for more infor-mation

• "Computer Animation Video" to demon-strate change over time; geology; climate; interconnectedness of flora, fauna with ecosystem; evolution/extinction

• "Scientific Research": AV program illustrat-ing the scientific process e.g., quarrying byDr. Buchiem

• Paul and students; answer the questions why the work is important; what research tells us about the past, present and future; "So what?"

• Addressing the issue that fossils are a non-renewable resource; preservation message; poaching removes pieces of the scientific puzzle

• 3D model of Fossil Basin, with AV to tell the Fossil Lake story

• Replace the existing visitor orientation video.

Alternative 2A:Short of building an annex, the monument could expand outside onto the patio IF SHADED.Zion National Park successfully brought the visitorcenter museum outside. The planning team rec-ommends implementation of all items in the nextsection (Visitor Center Porch) regardless of whichalternative is pursued for the visitor centerexhibits.

Visitor Center Porch• Design and build an open, shaded area on the

patio for interpretive talks and general visitorcomfort when used at other times.

• Expand interpretive opportunities on the porch: • Develop a relief of the landscape as it

looked 50 million years ago. • Install bronze/porcelain fossil plaques for

the visitor to touch and learn about the various types of fossils discovered in the region. The plaques will extend interpre-tive opportunities when the visitor center isclosed and enhance porch programs. Incorporate the plaques into the patio tiles.

• Develop new waysides for the patio railing toenhance enjoyment and appreciation of theopen space and panoramic views of the sage-brush steppe landscape. New waysides canchange to include interpreting sage grouse,pronghorn, and elk (winter); or, year roundwayside panels can address wildlife through allfour seasons. Additional waysides could interpretthe dynamic interaction between people and theland including coal, oil and gas extraction, windfarms, and rail and highway transportation.These exhibits should be planned as part of theWayside Exhibit Proposal/Plan; see recommen-dations in "Wayside" section of document, page43-44.

Research Quarry

Quarries offer two opportunities: collecting and the

pursuit of science. These opportunities are not neces-

sarily mutually exclusive…[The]… important discus-

sion is what is the role of Fossil Butte's research

quarry in bridging the understanding of why things

are different here in the national monument?


• Provide shade at the existing quarry for paleon-tologist and visitors.

Recommendations

39

• Provide interpretive access to existing quarrythrough a pre-taped video experience in thevisitor center.

• Add a follow-up interactive website component.After visitor assisted fossil-finds are catalogued,post a photograph of the visitor, the fossil found,and pertinent fossil information on the website.

• Continue efforts to develop an accessible fossilquarry experience available to all visitors at alltimes the monument is open during the busyseason (Memorial Day through Labor Day).Pursue partnerships in support of this effort.

Scenic Drive and Cundick Ridge AreaThis is where you see and begin to understand the big

picture. I've visited this park four times, and never

been up to Cundick Ridge. After taking the Scenic

Drive and looking at the vistas on top, I finally put it

together. Workshop Participant

This is the best place to tie the park to the larger

ecosystem. Can also use the scenic views to discuss

issues. Stock dams and cattle/sheep grazing are

viewable on BLM lands. Workshop Participant

• Promote this visitor experience in interpretiveopportunities.

• Improve existing signs regarding road conditionsand vehicle restrictions.

• Pursue funding for an engineer's analysis of pull-off locations, locate parking areas on top of theridge, and trail extensions to key vistas. Theengineer should also evaluate a possible alterna-tive route from the ridge top. Install interpretivewaysides in parking areas and at trail vistas.Proceed with planning once study is completed.

Backcountry Byway• Continue to pursue this partnership project.

Incorporate interpretive requirements as projectproceeds. Consider an accessible quarry duringinteragency discussions. Recommend that roadimprovements not include paving. It is importantto keep the "backcountry" feel.

Historic Quarry Trail

The trail vistas, views of the old Town of Fossil, the

railroad, and the existence of the fossil prospector's

cabin depict the spirit of the old west. The trail

actually follows the old quarry trail. It's neat to

know that you're following in the footsteps of other

fossil collectors. Seeing the deserted collector's shack

smacks of the romance of the past. Play on this.


Recommendations

40 View from Cundick Ridge looking east, NPS photo

Pursue funding to develop new waysides as part ofa the Wayside Exhibit Proposal/Plan.

1. Focus on interpretive theme 1, 2, & 4. Connectthe area's vistas (view of railroad and Town ofFossil), remnants of the Haddenham cabin andthe historic quarries to the fossil collectinghistory of the monument. Integrate themonument's significance in the paleontologicalworld and NPS resource preservation policies asappropriate.

2. Since this trail precedes the visitor center in the"arrival experience", many visitors start theirvisit here. Include monumentwide information atthe trailhead parking lot. Provide "monumenttrip planning" - information on the variety ofvisitor experiences with recommended time esti-mates to complete the activity.

3. Reverse the trail route to take advantage of viewson the way down. Sign the route along loop trailto provide a more cohesive interpretive experi-ence.

4. Preserve the Haddenham cabin, designated aHistoric Landmark

5. When developing future media, incorporateGertrude Lewis' written history of area quarries.(Gertrude's family homesteaded in the area andshe provided the monument with detailed infor-mation about area fossil digging history.)

6. Save the story of environmental change for thetrail experience offered along the Fossil LakeTrail; theme 3 is better handled there. But sincethis trail provides the best opportunities to view

falcons in the monument, maintain a waysidethat interprets raptors along this trail.

Fossil Lake Trail

Geology creates the landscape that attracts the

animals. In addition to the porch area, along this

trail you also have opportunities to talk about the

issues in the park that affect wildlife.


•Change the trail name to reflect the connectionbetween the ancient ecosystem and today's sage-brush-steppe environment. Highlight theviewable landscape adaptation, evolution, etc.(theme 3). The recent appearance of aspens, dueto beaver activity, provides comparison oftoday's environment and animals to thepast/ancient ecosystem. Compare: plant to plant,animal to animal, and ancient to existing ecosys-tem.

• Review the trail waysides installed in 2002.Discuss how best to interpret the seasonalresearch quarry. (Note: This will not be neces-sary if quarry relocation precedes funding of aWayside Exhibit Proposal.)

Interpretive Media

Audiovisual

Short-term Recommendations:• Request a Harpers Ferry Center (HFC) audiovi-

sual technician specialist to perform a two-daysite evaluation. (Recommend coordinating thistrip with another Intermountain Regional parkto defray travel costs.) The evaluation should

Recommendations

41

address the following LRIP recommendationsand provide cost-estimates to implement them:

1. Fossil prep lab audiovisual (AV) program andequipment

• Relocate fossil preparation lab AV equipment to the visitor center desk (outside ofthe lab's dusty environment). If funding is available to reformat to DVD, install DVD equipment.

• Evaluate use of headsets or handsets for program audio to eliminate sound interfer-ence with visitor center desk operations.

2. Audiovisual/Multi-purpose room• Determine how best to prevent migration

of sound into other areas of the visitor center. Compare the use of soft panels versus hard walls, sound cones above seating, and/or baffles (wings) on AV cabinet to prevent sound from traveling into other spaces.

• Move speakers away from TV monitor.• Convert original raw footage to DVD.• Recommend DVD equipment for "Lance

and Paul Go Fishing" (AV program to be converted to DVD format) and specific installation requirements.

3. Explore connecting the VC to the currentquarry location via satellite to meet accessibilityrequirements and allow live broadcasting. Also,add a film clip to the monument website. Makethis "alternate experience" available in the VC.

Long-term Recommendations:• Pursue funding to replace the existing visitor ori-

entation video. This is a high priority. A new

video is a critically important component of thevisitor center experience, especially if themonument is only able to fund minor rehab ofthe current exhibit (correct text labels andgraphic errors).

Visitors require a concise, moving, and dramaticoverview that ties the pieces of this storytogether in one place. A 15-20 minute interpretivevideo will help visitors understand the complexi-ties of the ancient subtropical ecosystem ascompared to the topography of the high desertsteppe environment of the monument today.New technologies, such as high-definition videoand 3D-computer animation, present new inter-pretive possibilities. Interpretive videos arepopular with visitors, ranking third (behind toursand park brochures) in a recent NPS SocialScience survey of interpretive media. Goodinterpretive videos are not inexpensive andprovide a consistent message to visitors with littleor no staffing required. The video shouldaddress themes 1, 2, and 3 and include a strongmessage that emphasizes the need to protectfossil resources.

Publications

Short-term Recommendations:• Create a literature inset to the NPS uni-grid

brochure that addresses preservation/lawenforcement/ and fossil protection concerns.

Long-term Recommendations:• Request a redesign and rewrite of the Harpers

Ferry unigrid brochure. A new brochure shouldinclude:

Recommendations

42

1. the Fossil Lake story -- relate fossils to the lake ecosystem. Include a map that depictsthe large area beyond the monument boundarythat Fossil Lake once occupied. Coordinate withscientists for computer graphics to aid in mapmaking.

2. historical background and pictures of quarryingin the area.

3. a more prominent map with shaded relief thatclearly illustrates all visitor experience opportu-nities and the scenic road connecting to BLMland and the proposed byway.

4. consider including an information panel depict-ing other places in the world where the sameperiod and type of ecosystem are preserved.

• In-house publication possibilities:

1. partner with local colleges to provide transla-tions for foreign language brochures. Begin witha Japanese translation - the greatest audienceneed.

2. develop a publication that relates themonument's cultural history to the nearbyemigrant trails and informs visitors about theproposed scenic byway.

3. develop more child-oriented free publicationsto increase visitor center learning opportunities.

4. expand the variety of free pamphlets for varyinglevels of knowledge and understanding of themonument story, from introductory to in depth.(Monument has some already - interpreting

geology; fossil collecting issues; "In EnglishPlease"; Geology Terms).

Signs

Signs outside the monument• Coordinate with Wyoming Department of

Transportation to install a directional sign at theRoute 30 bypass.

Signs inside the monument• Install "entering/leaving" FOBU sign at north

boundary .• Install safety signs along scenic drive including:

"road narrows, steep, proceed with caution,oncoming traffic", etc.

• Work with maintenance staff to conduct acomplete sign inventory that incorporates impor-tant visitor safety, wayfinding needs, and regula-tory requirements.

• Upgrade monument signs to NPS IdentityStandards with cyclic maintenance replacementprogram.

Waysides• Pursue funding for a Wayside Exhibit Proposal

to guide wayside development toward acomplete, high-quality, unified system. Preparedby HFC and monument staff, it will identify alldesired wayside exhibits within the monumentand external to its boundary. It will bring aunified, coherent approach to wayside exhibitdevelopment, thereby avoiding a haphazardapproach resulting in multigenerational waysideswith no common appearance. The proposal caninclude a priority list if funds are limited or needto be secured over many years.

Recommendations

43

Based on the site visit the following areas/topicswere discussed for wayside exhibit considera-tion:

1. Orientation/trailhead waysides should include amonument map, orientation to the monumentand its resources, and safety issues. Desiredlocations include the Historic Quarry parkinglot, Chicken Creek Picnic Area, on the proposedBackcountry Byway (BLM road), at the visitorcenter parking lot, and in downtown Kemmerer,.The waysides could offer a monument visit plandesigned to help visitors decide what to dodepending on their interest and time available.For example, the panel could discuss (1) trail des-tinations, supplies needed, safety messages, andtime needed to complete a hike; and (2) explainquarry activities, where and how visitors canparticipate and the estimated time needed.[Zion National Park has done this type of visitplan very effectively with a series of waysides intheir plaza area.]

2. Interpretive wayside exhibits need a more com-prehensive approach to interpreting the biggeology story-the evolution of the region from asubtropical landscape to a high altitude, aridlandscape. There are appropriate locations in themonument to dramatically depict this evolution.Waysides work best when they caption the land-scape; the sites that illustrate this landscape evo-lution are along Fossil Lake Trail and CundickRidge. Other important sites to include in theproposal include:

• The Historic Quarry Trail: focus on the cultural history of the area as it relates to fossil quarry activities over the past century. Provide a definition of a quarry

and compare the historic quarry to quarriesof today.

• The area surrounding the visitor center: interpret the flora and fauna of the high arid landscape, as well as geologicalfeatures.

• The Fossil Lake Trail: caption the 50 million-year geology story and introduce the visitor to a fossil quarry experience. The quarry location itself needs more interpretation so that the visitor understands the monument's preservation concerns and the quarry experience when it is closed. The current waysides along the trail inadequately interpret the landscape and a more cohesive approach is recommended.

• At the proposed Cundick Ridge overlooks and backcountry trail vistas: geology, flora and fauna exhibits.

• Along the proposed backcountry byway: enhance the Fossil Lake story (especially at the Watercress Canyon overlook). Sites and topics along the byway include the Oregon Trail, the Nancy Hill gravesite, the ranching and mining history of the area, energy development, stock trail drives and commercial fossil quarries.

Media Assets

Collection• Develop an acquisition program to support the

interpretive themes and the reasons themonument was established. Identify fossils, arti-facts, and other items to acquire for future exhi-bition.

Recommendations

44

School children at waysides, NPS photo

• Digitize photographs to improve access by inter-preters and scholars.

• Purchase display cases for temporary loans. Ifthe exhibit area is remodeled or expanded in thefuture, include temporary exhibit space withinthe main exhibit area.

Monument Library• Seek funding to upgrade library catalogue system

from Procite to the Voyageur CatalogueProgram. Incorporate completed data base as awebsite link for researchers.

• Continue trips to nearby universities to obtainrecently published research materials to keep theinterpretive program grounded in current schol-arship and support interpretive recruitmentneeds.

Personal ServicesThe planning team discussed and identifiedimportant future projects to undertake as part ofthe overall interpretive program. Program expan-sion with existing staff and funding is identified as"short-term recommendations". Projects outlinedin the "long-term recommendations" sectionrequire the addition of a GS 9 park ranger educa-tion specialist.

Until the recommended interpretive position isfilled, compromises and trade-offs will continue.Time devoted by the lead park ranger to a newprogram area, such as upgrading the website ordeveloping a new program or publication, requiresback-fill from other positions or a reduction ininterpretive programs.

Short-term Recommendations:• Establish a monument priority for the lead inter-

preter (in addition to training for mandatory col-lateral duty assignments), monument fundedyearly interpretive training.

• Find a contact within the local home-schooledcommunity to determine how to connect withand better serve this growing audience.

• Establish, under superintendent's signature,written guidelines addressing commercial quarryinquires. This document will be used for allstaff/volunteer training and serve as a guide todevelop interpretive media.

• Keep website current. Provide a program/eventsschedule, information on management issuesand land practices, and information of theme-based topics.

• Incorporate into all programs and media "takeonly memories, leave only footprints" and themessage of fossils as a non-renewable resource.

• In addition to posting regulations on fossil theftinclude a message that the monument prosecutesviolations.

• Provide site brochure to commercial quarryoperators to distribute to their visitors.

• Develop and aggressively promote and advertiseteacher workshops/certification classes.

• Continue efforts to educate the communityabout the scientific value of fossils. Cultivating asense of shared stewardship, specifically empha-sizing that Fossil Butte is part of the local com-munity might help change attitudes regarding thenational monument.

Outreach includes:

• Acknowledge the involvement of local residentsin the monument. Institute a proactive media

Recommendations

45

program. For example: Distribute press releaseswith photos when new fossils are displayed,whether they are donated or loaned to themonument, highlight local connections as appro-priate. Feature volunteer contributions andactivities.

• Develop radio spots.• Foster more involvement with community organ-

izations - Chamber, Rotary, Lions, and FossilBasin Promotion Board. Co-sponsor themerelated events with local organizations. Useporch for events/general public use (as themonument now does for the Rotary Club).

• Utilize cable TV and develop a communitymessage about the monument for this channel.

Accept that although it is a worthy goal toprovide each visitor with a interactive fossilpreparation demonstration and a hands-onquarry experience, it is not possible throughpersonal services.

1. Explore opportunities with the Chicago Field Museum to station a full-time preparator at Fossil Butte National Monument.

2. Videotape programs and demonstrations at the visitor center and the quarry. Add these program clips as featured links to the monument website. Provide a monitor for visitor access at the information desk. This recommendation will meet several audienceneeds. It will expand interpretive opportunitiesto virtual visitors and provide an acceptable sub-stitution for visitors unable to hike to the quarry.The program will also assist visitors when aknowledgeable staff member is not available at

the visitor center desk.

3. Create a "touch table" that includes reproduc-tions of fossils and tools for a self-guided interac-tive experience that focuses on the process ofrock removal at a research quarry.

4. If funds are obtained for an exhibit/visitorcenter redesign, consider making the fossilpreparation lab a "behind the scenes area" avail-able by appointment or for special programmingonly. The existing design promotes fossil prepa-ration as a significant activity by its placement inthe visitor center. Considering expected stafflevels, it is impossible to meet this visitor expec-tation and unwise to make it a featured attractionin the visitor center.

In lieu of the fossil preparation lab, during theexhibit redesign create an exhibit showing thescience behind the story. The exhibit shouldinclude audiovisual interactives featuring fossils"in situ", the site quarry, fossil preparation, sci-entific analysis and the discoveries made -- theexhibit approach should stress the relationshipbetween each component.

Long-term Recommendations:The complexity and depth of the planning team'srecommendations for personal services willrequire phased implementation. All long-termplanning recommendations are outlined below.Recommended phased implementation prioritiesare addressed in Appendix D.

A second GS-9 park ranger will eliminate thecurrent compromises and tradeoffs in programs.Presently, any time devoted to a new program must

Recommendations

46

be off set by another division's employee, or areduction in existing programs.

• Pursue base budget increase for an additionalGS-9 year round interpretive park ranger/educa-tion specialist position. Continue funding theinterpretive positions at the FY2004 level:including the GS 9 lead park ranger, one GS 5seasonal park ranger, and one GS 4 park guide.

A second permanent position will facilitateimprovement of three critical projects:1. develop a more interactive website, 2. expand curriculum-based education program

beyond primary grades, and 3. pursue educational partnerships with other

state, county, and federal land managementagencies to promote monument interpretivegoals.

After visitor center coverage and regularly sched-uled programs, the aforementioned program areaswere consistently identified as the highest priori-ties to implement during the next 10-years.

• Expand volunteer recruitment:• Highlight opportunities to work with fossil

resources (fossil quarry and demonstra-tion/preparation lab) and stewardship projects such as exotic species control.

• Develop middle and high school volun-teer/intern opportunities.

• Promote RV hookup availability.

• Pursue funding to upgrade 2nd and 3rd grade curriculum based fossil program.

• Expand existing materials to other grade levels with teacher input. Develop a kinder-

garten - 12th grade curriculum based education program for on-site (local) and long distance learning.

• Collaborate with cooperating association tooffer upgraded educational kits as sales items and/or fund teacher stipends for program development.

• Coordinate the development of an expanded education program and a fossil education kit for special population groups including seniors and mobility/sensoryimpaired visitors.

• Continue to experiment with program offerings,times, and publicity. Program ideas include:

• year round guided hikes and special programs such as ecology hikes, evening star programs, and co-sponsored events or seminars with local organizations and uni-versities.

• a program and/or demonstration that inter-prets components of the modern ecosys-tem. Focus on mammals and "watchable" wildlife. For appropriate audiences, delve into evolution, adaptation, and extinction by comparing modern creatures and those that lived during the Eocene era.

• interpret the uplift and erosion processes.

• Develop temporary exhibits on a variety oftheme related topics and highlight new discover-ies. This will mitigate community feeling thatnothing new ever happens in the monument.Future exhibit ideas include:

• Illustrating the impact of fossil theft.• A portable display for use in the county

library and other community venues.• Work with Intermountain Regional personnel to

Recommendations

47

develop and provide staff training to improvevisitor service to mobility impaired and sensoryimpaired visitors.

• Develop Expedition Fossil Butte

• Market the monument to college field studygroups.

Partnerships• Promote partnership efforts with the Bureau of

Land Management (BLM) and local communitygovernments for the backcountry byway toexpand interpretive opportunities.

• Work with BLM to conduct a viewshed analysisto protect key scenic vistas from the visitorcenter and the trail system.

• Collaborate with the Wyoming Travel andTourism Department to present a clear messageabout the monument's mission and visitoropportunities.

• Work with Wyoming, Colorado and UtahDepartments of Transportation to develop inter-pretive kiosks along the roads bisecting theancient lake ecosystems.

• Continue support for scholars and researchprograms regarding Eocene paleogeography, tec-tonics, and erosion.

• Maintain cooperative partnerships with localquarry operators to share information andpursue loans of significant fossil finds.

• Pursue partnerships that acknowledge the valueof commercial collection to science, and increasevisitor understanding of the difference between aresearch quarry and a commercial quarry.

• Expand educational programming by: 1. pursuing a formal partnership agreement

with Lincoln County School District #1 and expanding curriculum-based programming through high school level. Dedicated teachers keep this program alive, a more formalized relationship that builds on these pioneer-programming efforts will be mutually beneficial.

2.working with educators to disseminate educational materials, trail guides, and teaching activities beyond the primarygrade levels.

3. improving Internet presence making edu-cational program opportunities more visible, and posting teacher/student materials on the website.

• Partner with Salt Lake City School for the Deafto translate current publications into Braille.

• Seek a partner or volunteer to keep the websitecurrent. Post current interpretive publications,guides, and program materials.

• Undertake a business plan with the communityto clarify economic benefits of the monument.

• Request cooperating association to:1. sponsor a field school seminar to provide in

depth interpretive opportunities.2. develop and sell a poster that interprets Fossil

Lake through time.

Recommendations

48

3. keep technical bulletins related to the interpre-tive themes "in stock" in the monument book-store year-round.

4. have research papers available as sales items.

• Explore alternative sites for museum displaysthat interpret the monument and its resources.

• Develop publications and sales items through theState Geological Survey.

•Consider future partnership opportunities with:• Colorado State, Dinosaur National

Monument, and Colorado National Monument

• federal agencies and local and state govern-ments to establish a curatorial repository

• Lincoln County Historical Society• Lions Park - State Park if established

In SummaryThe Fossil Butte Long-Range Interpretive Planprovides a strategic approach to protectmonument resources through a high-caliber inter-pretive program. The strategy defined bymonument staff, scientists, media specialists andstakeholders includes a vision broad in scope witha corresponding implementation plan. Guidingthis vision are National Park Service managementpolicies that recognize that paleontologicalresources are non-renewable.

The 2002 Museum Management Plan voices theresource protection and interpretive challenges atFossil Butte National Monument:

The paleontology of Fossil Basin tells a story of

change, not only of change in the paleoenviron-

ment, but of many changes in our understanding

of Fossil Lake…this story of change is ongoing as

scientists continue their study of Fossil Basin.

Fossil Butte National Monument strives to present

the most up-to-date information obtained by these

researchers to visitors.

Unless the boundaries of the monument areadjusted to protect the most significant fossilresources, the planning team feels that in order tosuccessfully present the story of ancient FossilLake and preserve related paleontologicalresources, interpretation must extend beyond themonument's boundaries.

Through interpretation we build understanding,

through understanding appreciation, through appre-

ciation preservation. Freeman Tilden

The monument lies in an area of active commercialfossil quarrying. Its 13 square miles (8,198 acres)protects only a small portion of the original 900square mile (595,200 acres) Fossil Lake and itsassociated sediments. Continuing research hasidentified other critical paleontological resourcesoutside monument protection, no longer placingthe monument at the heart of paleontologic signifi-cance as congressional sponsors, scientists andcommunity members originally intended. One ofthe primary reasons the monument was estab-lished is an unrealized dream. The recommendedinterpretive approach includes partnering withfederal, state, private landholders, and scientists toshare important scientific discoveries, newresearch and foster a collaborative approach toenhance public interest, appreciation and supportfor the resources of the ancient Fossil Basin.

Recommendations

49

The planning team feels that a balanced discussionof fossil collecting and an explanation of NPSpolicy is critical in an environment where com-mercial quarries operate and fossil fishing ispromoted as a tourist activity. The importance ofscience and an explanation of why fossils cannotbe collected without a scientific permit at FossilButte should be emphasized versus a taboo on col-lecting.

Partnerships, facility development, and increasedstaffing are necessary to achieve this vision.Implementing the recommendations requires a sig-nificant investment of money obtained through amixture of National Park Service and partnerfunding.

Since the establishment of Fossil Butte NationalMonument in 1972; much has been learned aboutancient Fossil Lake and much has been achieved. Knowing that the past is prologue to the future,the planning team is confident that those whowork to achieve this plan will assist the NationalPark Service in its mission to:

…conserve the scenery and the natural and historic

objects and the wild life therein and to provide for

the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by

such means as will leave them unimpaired for the

enjoyment of future generations. NPS Organic Act,1916

Recommendations

50Dragonfly, photo by Jeff Vanuga

51

Appendices

The Planning Team

Fossil Butte National Monument StaffDave McGinnis, SuperintendentVince Santucci, Chief Ranger (transferred to George Washington Memorial Parkway)Marcia Fagnant, Lead InterpreterArvid Aase, Museum SpecialistClay Kyte, Biological TechnicianLiz Parker, Administrative Support ClerkKathleen Taylor, Park Volunteer

Other National Park Service StaffMary Mallen, Park Ranger-Interpretive Planner, Harpers Ferry CenterWinnie Frost, Wayside Exhibit Planner, Harpers Ferry CenterAnne Tubiolo, Audiovisual Producer-Director, Harpers Ferry CenterBen Miller, Exhibit Planner, Harpers Ferry CenterLinda Lutz-Ryan, Interpretive Specialist, Intermountain RegionJere Krakow, Long Distance Trails Office, National Park ServiceKeith Morgan, Interpretive Planning, Harpers Ferry CenterAmy Maslak, Interpretive Planning, Harpers Ferry Center

Monument PartnersHilary Barton Billman, Manager, Fossil Country Museum, Kemmerer, WyomingRichard Millet, Business Manager, Intermountain Natural History AssociationClint McKnight, Publications Specialist, Intermountain Natural History AssociationEva Lamp, Teacher, Kemmerer Elementary School Dr. Paul Buchiem, Sedimentologist/Geochemist, Loma Linda UniversityTrey Davis, Wildlife Biologist/Naturalist, former Fossil Butte staff memberWally Mierzejewski, Recreation Planner, Bureau of Land Management

Accessibility

Every attempt will be made to provide full accessto interpretive media and programs to ensurepeople with physical and mental disabilities haveaccess to the same information necessary for safeand meaningful visits to national parks. This is incompliance with the National Park Service policy:

" …To provide the highest level of accessibilitypossible and feasible for persons with visual,hearing, mobility, and mental impairments,consistent with the obligation to conserve parkresources and preserve the qualities of the parkexperience for everyone."NPS Special Directive 83-3, Accessibility forDisabled Persons

All interpretation will follow general standards foraccessibility as described in the Harpers FerryCenter Programmatic Accessibility Guidelines forInterpretive Media.

52

Appendices

53

Appendices

References

2001 - 2005 Strategic Plan, Fossil Butte National Monument

2001 Museum Management Plan, Fossil Butte National Monument

2001 Fossil Butte National Monument Visitor Study, Karen S. Hockett and Joseph W. Roggenbuck, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University

2001 National Park Service Management Policies

2000 Report Fossil Butte National Monument Management Oversight Review

1996 Statement for Management Fossil Butte National Monument

1995 Quarry Site Trenching and Investigation of Additional Sites for Fossil Butte National Monument, Dr. PaulBuchiem, Loma Linda University

1994 Statement for Interpretation, Fossil Butte National Monument

1994 Resource Management Plan, Fossil Butte National Monument

1984 Interpretive Prospectus, Harpers Ferry Center

1980 General Management Plan, Fossil Butte National Monument

October 23, 1972 Enabling Legislation, Fossil Butte National Monument

Sourcebook for Director's Orders on Park Planning, National Park Service

Visitor Use and Evaluation of Interpretive Media, September 2003, The National Park Service Visitor ServicesProject and Harpers Ferry Center

"Paleontological Resource Monitoring Strategies for the National Park Service", Vince Santucci and AllisonKoch, Park Science, Volume 22, Number 1, Fall 2003

"A Paleoecological Approach to Managing Paleontological Resources", Vince Santucci, Ranger: The Journal ofthe Association of National Park Rangers, Fall 1999

Fossil Butte National Monument: Along the Shores of Time, Peter, D. Ambrose, Intermountain Natural HistoryAssociation

Implementation Priorities

First Steps

2006• Update website• Purchase and install soft panels and wings for

video cabinet• Move speakers away from the TV monitor• Add text disclaimer to orientation and fossil prep

videos• Convert original video footage to DVD format• Convert orientation and fossil prep video to

DVD format• Purchase DVD equipment for orientation and

fossil prep videos• Install new DVD equipment in a dust-free envi-

ronment away from the lab• Move electronic ranger to stand alone cabinet• Develop site bulletin on cultural history, discuss

monument's location in relationship to nearbyemigrant trails

• Plan and produce child-oriented site bulletin• Continue development of curriculum-based

program for K-12• Pursue viewshed analysis in partnership with

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)• Promote park mission and visitor opportunities

through Wyoming Travel and Tourism• Maintain website link with scientists• Develop website bibliography for scientists• Incorporate monument library as website link

for researchers• Request two-day site evaluation by HFC AV

technician • Translate park brochure into Japanese

• Establish written guidelines to address commer-cial quarry inquiries

• Establish a contact with home-schooled commu-nity

• Develop and promote teacher workshops• Conduct sign inventory with maintenance

division• Pursue backcountry byway project with BLM• Partner with community to market monument

and improve directional signs

2007• Post new interpretive materials on website• Encourage domestic and international bus tour

visits• Expand variety of free site bulletins from intro-

ductory to in-depth (newspaper)• Seek funding to develop wayside exhibit

proposal/plan• Change trail route on Historic Quarry Trail to

counter-clockwise direction and develop appro-priate signage

• Partner with Wyoming Travel and Tourism topromote off-season visitation

2008• Create superintendent's page on website

addressing issues and appropriate visitorbehavior

• Post visitor-assisted fossil finds on website• Post curriculum materials for teachers and

students on website• Add human history component to electronic

ranger• Plan and provide accessible quarry experience

for all visitors June-August• Seek funding to plan and design bronze/porce-

lain fossil plaques for patio

54

Appendices

• Develop and promote teacher workshops• Improve overhead and exhibit case lighting.• Seek funding and conduct an engineer's analysis

of pull-off locations and parking area onCundick Ridge; trail extensions

• Improve scenic drive signage; include road con-ditions and vehicle restrictions

• Update entrance sign to reflect visitorcenter/grounds hours

• Provide entering/leaving sign at north boundary• Partner with WYDOT/UDOT for interpretive

kiosks

Second Steps

2009• Install bronze/porcelain fossil plaques on patio• Videotape programs/demonstrations/quarry

program and add them as an optional vieweractivity to website

• Provide video monitor at front desk so visitorscan experience the quarry when it is closed or ifthey are unable to hike up to the quarry due totime or physical limitations

• Plan and produce a touch-table/self-guidedinteractive experience of research quarry activity

• Move time-line; install lake-shore exhibit• Create new interpretive displays at local commu-

nity sites• Provide text for visitor safety, wayfinding needs,

and regulatory requirements on waysides at trail-heads and parking areas (signs)

• Coordinate with WDOT for sign at Route 30bypass

• Partner with local community on business plan

2010• Correct inaccuracies in Fossil Lake mural• Correct exhibit text inaccuracies• Seek funding to provide live-feed from research

quarry to visitor center• Develop and promote teacher workshops• Provide shade at research quarry for visitors and

paleontologist• Re-design visitor center parking area to accom-

modate large recreational vehicles• Provide shaded pet area, and outside drinking

fountain• Upgrade signs to NPS Identity Standard with

cyclic maintenance replacement program• Partner with Intermountain Natural History

Association to offer field school seminars, andsell technical bulletins and research papers

2011• Seek base budget increase for GS-9

interpretive/education specialist• Develop more interactive website• Purchase and install headsets or handsets for

program audio-lab video• Experiment with program offerings, times and

publicity• Redesign and rewrite NPS unigrid brochure• Develop a 3-D map to interpret uplift and

erosion processes• Change "Fossil Lake" trail name to reflect con-

nection between ancient and today's ecosystem• Implement K-12 curriculum based program • Develop expanded education program and kit

for special population groups• Upgrade 2nd and 3rd grade curriculum based

fossil program• Partner to create fossil education kits available

for sale

55

Appendices

• Design and build an open, shaded area on thepatio for porch programs and general visitorcomfort

• Market the monument to college field studygroups

Third Steps

2012/2013• Plan and provide year round guided hikes,

ecology hikes, evening star programs, and co-sponsored events

• Develop temporary exhibits on fossil theftimpact; portable display/county library and othercommunity venues

• Improve visitor service to mobility impaired andsensory impaired visitors

• Develop and promote teacher workshops• Design middle and high school volunteer/intern

opportunities• Collaborate and develop a partnership agree-

ment with Lincoln County School District #1

2014• Develop and promote teacher workshops• Develop "Expedition Fossil Butte"

2015• Partner with Salt Lake City School for the Deaf

to develop Braille publications• Partner with federal agencies and local/state gov-

ernments for curatorial repository

On-going Projects• Fund annual interpretive training for lead inter-

preter• Promote scenic drive and Cundick Ridge area as

interpretive opportunities

• Identify fossils, artifacts, and other items toacquire for future exhibition

• Digitize photographs• Continue trips to nearby universities to obtain

recent research publications and target recruitfor staff and intern positions

• Keep website current• Add layers of research quarry to electronic

ranger • Educate community about scientific value of

fossils• News releases/radio spots/cable TV• Promote RV hookup availability for volunteers• Share information and pursue loans of signifi-

cant finds with local quarry operators• Identify sources to acquire unique fossil speci-

mens• Develop publications and sales items with

Wyoming Geological Survey• Translate park brochure into wide range of lan-

guages

Projects (Unidentified timeline/dependent on funding or increasein staff) • Purchase display cases for temporary loans• Replace orientation video• Design and produce:

• Interactive digital animation of fossil quarry

• Computer animation video of changes overtime

• 3D model of Fossil Basin with AV to tell theFossil Lake story

• Relief landscape exhibit as it appeared 50 million years ago

• Outdoor exhibits/waysides on visitor center

56

Appendices

porch (alt 2A)• Seek facility planning money to design and con-

struct VC pod • Relocate staff offices• Partner with Chicago Field Museum for full-time

fossil preparator at monument• Support scholars and research programs through

partnerships• Pursue the development of partner projects with

Dinosaur National Monument, ColoradoNational Monument; Lincoln County HistoricalSociety

• Seek partnership with Lions State Park (whenestablished)

• Nominate monument as a Geological HeritageSite under the World Heritage Site Program

57

Appendices

Date post:	10-Jul-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times