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FCCI Silver Jubilee Celebration

14th April 2006

India Vision 2020

and

Role of NRIs / PIOs

Work shop on

Science and Technology

Anchor – Ravi Jambagi

Foundation for Critical Choices for India

25 Years of Dedication

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Session Program

1. V2020 and S&T2. Historical perspective3. S&T in India– Current scenario

and achievements 4. Issues and challenges5. A proposition6. The NRI/PIO on the roadmap7. Conclusion

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V-2020 and S&T

S&T identified a main vehicle for developed statusSeveral general and specific technologies, action plans identifiedThrust areas and key strengths elucidated What we do now Critique some of the issues Propose some ideas and strategies Analyze and debate Look at alternate points of views

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Historical perspective

Arya bhata to ITIndia has strong science and math traditionTraditional and modern education systems encourage scientific temperIndian scientists and engineers are academically very successful, quantity and qualityAverage Indian family spends much of its resources on children’s education

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Current S&T Scene

Maturing IT industry climbing the ladder of new technologyBio and chemical sectors thriving; medical tourism, KPO businesses taking off Internationalization of Indian business is firmly afootMultitude of Govt. departments, institutes, universities engaged in a mind boggling variety of projects

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Some recent national and international initiatives

Computer based fundamental literacy project 100000 Digital kiosks by 2007Participation in CERN and Galileo projectsS&T agreement with US and UK and other countries Knowledge Park, Genome ValleyThe STIO initiative

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National S&T Policy

Deals with everything – Policy, Strategy and Implementation

The STIO initiativeScientists and technologies of Indian Origin

JV companies with Technology sourced from STIOs

Web based registration

Green corridors for JVs in high tech areas

Visiting of distinguished STIOs

Contact program with Peers

Indian STs in foreign labs, visits, assignments

Connecting technical societies

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A snap shot of random statistics

US, EU and Japanese companies account for 96.7% of global spend on R&D, growing at 6-7%, India and China R&D spend growing at 21%. India’s pharma co’s have increased R&D budgets by 400% in lat 4 years US patents filed by US residents (2005) –225000, India’s count 1300.More than 100 global companies have established R&D centers in India 342 universities (18 central,211 State,95 deemed,13 Institutes of National Importance, 5 others); 17625 colleges and 10.5 million students,460 000 teachers

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Issues and Challenges

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Contrasts in current scenario

India leads AIDS drugs supply but millions are at risk due to hygiene related diseasesIndia is has immense solar , bio, hydroelectric, wind resources but imports …60 % energy sources and key energy technologiesIndia’s fertilizer industry is one of the oldest and largest but continues to import key technologiesMedical tourism galore but most sophisticated medical equipment are not made in IndiaSeveral ministries have returned hundreds of crores as unspent money from budget allocations.

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S&T – Our contention

Converting science into practical technology

Delivery of science and technology to common man

Indian outside India is a different animal.

Lacunae in focus, organization, infrastructure, reward system, motivation

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The gap in the middle

Govt, institutes, Universities

Technologies , products and

servicesBenefits , goods, services, security

Business, craftsmen, NGOs,

other local infrastructure

Common man

Funds, human capital, knowledge

resources

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So what are the challenges?

Dr. Kalam“ …In a world where the powers are determined by

their share of knowledge…it is important for India to put her acts together to become a continuous innovator and creator of S&T products …”

Dr.Manmohan Singh“ …science must grapple with key

challenges ..increasing population, greater health risks, degraded natural resources and dwindling farmlands… we need new science and technology, new paradigms to address fundamental challenges

Mr.Kapil Sibal“ …India is in a position to engage in the global

knowledge economy rather than remaining on the margins “

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A proposition

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The paradigm shift

India needs to move from being an “engager” to being a leader

Common man is the major stakeholder in all S&T policy – from nuclear policy to GM seeds

Expecting quality and efficiency is not privilege , it is a right of everyone

Individual excellence can go only so far, teams achieve much more.

The vision of 2020 is only a mile stone in the larger context

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S&T – Our propositionShort term

Leverage available S&T resources efficiently for common benefits, economic growth

Medium and long term

Creating and maintaining leadership position is necessary

We need a burning desire to excel, a hunger for leadership and a killer instinct

We need enabling mechanisms, to extract more out of team work

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Short and medium term strategiesFocus-dissemination and delivery

Acquire necessary S&T in most efficient manner. Indigenous or otherwise. Make better use of the “leapfrog” technologies. International quality benchmarks and best practicesin local marketProject vs. program based approach Introduce technology entrepreneurship at school level; replace BSC, BA and BCOM with vocation related courses

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More emphasis to manufacturing, utilities and agriculture Separate R&D, technology and delivery processes Decentralize S&T infrastructure, Put industrial R&D, in private hands, Develop public+private strategies for managing major risks (internal strife, natural calamity, strategic handicaps) Make sustainability a mandatory criteriaInternational agreements for sharing leadership benefits. Validate every major international agreement for technology implications (e.g. WTO, Kyoto protocol, FTAs)

Long term strategiesFocus-global leadership

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Enabling Infrastructure

Widespread digital connectivity, free access to S&T data banksIncubators for technology absorption at local level (a la micro-finance)Private benchmarking and quality assurance structures for products and servicesLegal mechanisms to mobilize NGOs as watchdogs of sustainabilityMotivators for group excellence –Science based, “instruction based” as opposed to “learning based” education at middle level A strong IPR regime, transparent at all levels

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Are there models we can learn from?

Japan- car industry in last 3 decadesKorea- engineering; computer hardware Israel- water and agricultural technologyEurope- IRC network for harnessing and networking industrial technology development

There are no models that India can readily borrow, because the economic development in the context of its diversity and democratic set-up is unique. It has to learn and develop its own model . This means creative and multidisciplinary collaboration at conceptual level.

Effective public-pvt, pvt-pvt, public-public collaboration is major success factor.

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The NRI/PIO on the roadmap

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What NRI / PIOs can do

Lead…bilateral and multilateral projectsCollaborate… with Indian teams and institutions, NGOs, pvt and public sectorsInvest / cause investment … in India, in resident countriesInfluence… policy and implementation in India and resident countriesProvide international perspective… in project execution, business practicesPromote Brand India… in India’s international forays

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Proactive steps by NRI/ PIOs

Be updated and realistic on India – facts, realities and trends;Focus on SMEs and local industries/institionsProvide global models for innovation promotion, technology dissemination mechanism, Govt+Industry collaborationsProvide inputs for international benchmarks Comparative studies with leading S&T countries – do we need McKinsey?GOVT institutions in India may not be able to attract best in the class talent…no different from other countries ..NRIS can help here.There can be strategic conflicts in collaborating with international bodies. PIOs can act as surrogatesSet-up/facilitate special purpose VC’s for S&T projects

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Enabling mechanisms for increased contribution of PIOs

S&T integral part of interaction with PIOs

Investment away from secondary markets and real estate to longer term technology driven projects

Preferential terms for technology import from PIOs and PIO promoted tech projects e.g. raising investment ceilings for tech SSIs

PIO participation on boards of universities and scientific institutions in FICCI , WTO, directorships of state institutions

Incentives for reverse brain drain PIO quota in leading institutes. aimed at 3rd generation PIOs

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Another word about STIO initiativeScientists and Technologies of Indian Origin

FeaturesWeb based registrationJV companies with Technology sourced from STIOsGreen corridors for JVs in high tech areasVisiting of distinguished STIOsContact program with PeersIndian STs in foreign labs, visits, assignmentsConnecting technical societies

The focus is still on high level R&D Paradigm shift is not to be seen. Needs to be managed by a private or JV

body

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India and International Science The Elihu Yale story

Elihu Yale born in Boston of Welsh parentsWent to England and then India as a “humble writer” for East India companyLived in Madras between 1687 and 1692. Acting governor of Fort St.George In 1718 donated a carton of goods to Collegiate School of Connecticut – 417 books, set of royal arms, a portrait, bales of cotton and silkIt sales raised 562 pounds and was first donation to the schoolYale today is one of the most valued Universities. Yale’s Alumni association is more than 200 years old and has many illustrious names

POINT – India has resources to create global institutions of leadership

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The power of technology The CBFL story

Privately initiated program with many partnerships with government and NGOsFunctional literacy for USD 2 in 8 weeks.Nearly 350 million in India have reading difficultiesPilot in Guntur initiated 90% India can be functionally literate in 3-5 years860 million illiterates in world can benefit

Point - Teamwork is possible, feasible and profitable

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A vision and a dream

India 2006-2010

Focus – Growth and build

India 2010-2020

Focus – Delivery to all

India 2020-2050

Focus - Global leadership

through knowledge revolution