Foundation of Appropriate Technology andSocial Ecology (FATSE)

27 years Innovations for Sustainabilty

Group Biomass Combustion and Polygeneration Technologies

Martin R. Schmid

Content of this presentation

Who are we?

Why am I here?

Swiss key market players

Some other important development which are in cooperation with other countries

An example of privately initiated Emission-trade

Foundation of Appropriate Technologyand Social Ecology (FATSE)

foundation acknowledged non profit organisationprivate economic enterprisefunding only through project activities

Situated in the jurassic mountains south of Basel

The first swiss grid feeding PV-solar station (1983),The world first diesel CHP-unit with particle filter and oxy-catalysator (1984)The first swiss grid feeding wind generator (30 kW, 1985),The world first wood chip boiler with lambda-sensor (1986)The first european stirling-CHP with automatic wood chip combustion (1987)The worlds first grid feeding free piston stirling unit (1992) …

Ε! 3414 Biopoly HEAT

Dry and solid non-wood biofuels

Swiss partners:

Project Organisation

Uni Novi SadUni Belgrad

FATSEÖkozentrum HTA Luzern Biomass Kiev

TU Dresden?

3414

?

Terming KulaStraw/maize burners Termoplin Doo

Plum-seeds burners and dryers

Several customersHoval Herzog AG

Background of this project

In the EU25 the pelletizeable, not otherwise usedBio-wastes are estimated to 55 Mio tons per year– only 8 Mio tons are from wood.In Serbia Montenegro, the straw and maize-spindels burned on the field after the harvest contain energy in the height of almost the half ofthe countries heat demand.In Switzerland, wastes from corn milleries which are not allowed to feed animals are as much energy as the 2004 consumption of wood pellets.From storage problems the European Union hasmore than 1 Mio t/a not eatable waste cereals(fungus, other distruction).

Potential for biomass energy• 56 MWh per capita per annum for the whole countries infrastracture and live = 1.43 EJ / a• heating = 14 MWh = 360 PJ / a • projected usable biomass energy potential 2025: 124 PJ / a• used biomass energy now (wood, biogas and waste): 35 PJ / a

• Switzerland actually satisifies 2.4 % of its energy demand withbioamass• If the energy demand cannot be reduced, the total potential of the inland biomass is providing less than 10% of the countries future energy demand and 35% of the heating energy demand.

• demonstrated and already (rarely) used building technology could reduce heating and cooling demand to almost zero.• geothermal power (deep heat mining) is about to success• Solar thermal and fotovoltaics energy is fast growing

Political support and related parameters

• unlike other „alp“ countries like Austria, Switzerland has a very weak political support for biomass energy, which was even weekend by cutting the pilot+demonstration programm for renewable energy to ZERO in 2002• in the last 6 decades, the image of biomass energy has been damaged to be dirty and old-fashioned.• heating with light fuel oil was strongly supported in the 60ties,• heating with electricity was strongly supported in the 70ties• heating with gas was strongly supported in the 80ties• heating with electric heat pumps was supported since 90ties – the first „green“technology together with solar thermal• modern heating with biomass (pellets e.c.) is only supported locally

Switzerland has:• the lowest end-user prices for gas-, heating oil and gasoline of the whole EU25 area. Altough is has neither own ressources nor direct access to any sea.• As the work-force is among the 4 most expenciest in Europe (Belgium, Germany and Norway) –•and the forests are often in the mountains and difficult to harvested (somethimes with helicopters) – we have the highest prices for fire wood of Europe (wood chips 2.5 Eurocents per kWh.• Wood pellets end user prices from inland saw-mills cost up to 190 €/t

For boilers below 350 kW it is forbidden to burn non-wood-biomass even with filter

However Biomass Energy is alive!Nevertheless we DO HAVE biomass energy industry!And since the latest oil-price changes in 2005, biomass energy has become even here the cheapest fuel.

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Holz-Pellets (Stand8.2005), Lokal, Offerte

4t pro Lieferung

Heizöl EL (Stand14.12.2005, ab 6000

Liter, ab Bern)

Heizöl EL (+CO2-Abgabe [9 Rp./ l])

Dieselöl (CH,14.12.2005)

Tankstellenpreis inkl.Klimarappen

Ener

gie-

Prei

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Rp./

kWh]

(fra

nko

Tank

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Solid Biomass Boiler Producers (not complete)

XXXLiebi

XXMüller

XXXXSchmid

XXTiba

Non-wood(straw)

PelletsChipsWood logsProducer

XXXXHoval

SCHMID ESCHLIKON AGBiomass Boilers from 15 kW to 25 MW

15 kW Pellets

300 kW very humid wood chip

3.2 MW waste wood

Projects with business associations

Swiss association of tiled stove fitters (VHP)Optimisation of slow heat release appliances (including internet based simulation software for stove fitters)Computer aided design tool for optimisation of room comfortHeat distribution by water circuit

„Home electric filter“ Minipab

Energy efficiency issues support biomass energy…

…not only by increasing the %-age of its share!Since it has been created the label for MINERGY housing (<40 kWh/m2 y) or even MINERGY P (passive, no heating required for most part of winter, (<10 kWh/m2 y)…… room heat aplliances (tiled stoves, „swedish ovens“, central-heating-wood cooking places) are becoming again a main heating infrastructure instead of only being a romantic „add-on“ for many new houses.

Biogas

>80 agricultural biogas plants (up to 20 years in operation)

20 industrial biogas plants (up to 15 years in operation)

Two main developpers who build plants and give out licenses all over the world:

Genesys and CTU for agricultural „Co-fermenting, liquid“ plants (1‘000 to 50‘000 t/a)Kompogas for industrial „dry-fermenter“plants (5‘000 to 100‘000 t/a)

Peripheric industry

In the field of biomass energy, there are of coursemany engineering and producing company for side-equipment

Site-construction and engineering on biogas plant: Mikroturbines, gas engines, cleaning cycles, purification systems for gas and similar: Verdesis Suisse SA, Engeli Ing., MENAG, Liebherr, AKSA, Royce …Specialized engineering for landfill site clean up or maintenance: TDU GmbH, Roth & Partner (D)Flaring equipment for normal and low-heat-value landfill gas and other exhausts: e-flox GmbH (D), Hofstettler AG

Green Lines

Refridgeration

Biogas

CO2 Fertilisation+ Heat

Power

Heat

Gewächshaus

Adiabatic FLOX® combustor

Word-record with low caloric value fuels – 18x weaker then Natural Gas and still burning clean

Market demands forout Low-Heat-Value Technology (>2.2 MJ/m3)

• Heat values of landfill gasdecrease with the age of the site or leakages. Microturbines,boilers and flares could run longer – GHG-emissions (CH4)are prevented longer.

• Economically interesting gas-stripping methods for biogas -like PSA emitt 10 to 12% CH4into exhaust. Expensive cataly-sators are todays necessary toprevent GHG-emissions.

• Any other LCV-exhaust which would conventionally need aeconomically intensive catalytic afterburner system

Capstone C30Mikroturbine CHP-unit

Fuel: sewage gas

Site: communal wastewater treatmentFrick, Switzerland

Source:Verdesis Suisse SA

First field installation – already economically efficient:Flare for landfill gas in southern Switzerland (Ticino) – 40 kWcombustion with a gas containing only 10% Methane.Preventing an equivalent of 600tons CO2 per year. By free will…Costs of investment: 12‘000 €Yearly running costs: 3‘000 €Yearly income through JI (CO2-trade) @ 10 €/t: 6‘000 €

The projects showing this labelare benefiters of CO2-trade by myclimate.org, a small but fast growing spin-off company of ETH Zürich, which started with CO2 trade already 5years ago, when the words CDM and JI where not even created… - don‘t wait for politics – just do it!

Approx. 25€/t CO2

The wood waste from biogas production is fuel for „free“ or at even „negative price“!First commerical „Mini-Combined-Cycle“ with solid biomass:External fired micro-turbine (100 kWe) +Micro-ORC-system (35 kWe) Total electric efficiency >30%.

The Biomass Compact Combined Cycle BCCC

Final Idea: Kompo-Cascade

Abwärme, Hallenluftheizung

43+9 kWh/t303 kWh/t@ 550°C

145 kWh/t Fermenterheiz.+ Nachrotte-Heizung

Gasmotoren Πe = 42%Πtot = 95%

Küchenabfälle10'000 t/a20% TS

Siebung

Komposterde

BG 140 m3/t, 60% CH4KompogasFermenter

entspricht maximalemBrennwert Ho = 1'055 kWh/t(Heizwert Hu = 430 kWh/t)

412 kWh/tStrom

Prozess- und Heizwärme 241 kWh/t Nutz-Abwärme @ 60 - 80 °C

ORCAnlage

Πe = 17.5%Πtot = 97%

53 kWh/t Strom

Kompo-Kombo für Grüngut

Strom-Erzeugungs-Wirkungsgrad netto insgesamt 35.9%

Gesamtwirkungsgrad (ohne Gutschrift für Komposterde und Presswasser) 65.5% im

Winter und 68.5% im Sommer

für Biomasse Schweiz von Ökozentrum Langenbruck, 6.6.2006 /ms

359 kWh/t Strom

Anorg. Restst.

Presswasser

Eigenverbrauch Elektrizität (8%)

= 33 kWh/t

Questions?

Thank you for your attention!

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