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Four ChallengesFour Challenges
GlobalizationGlobalization
DiversityDiversity
EthicsEthics
TechnologyTechnology
Remaining CompetitiveRemaining Competitive
Globalizing the firm’s operationsGlobalizing the firm’s operations
Managing a diverse workforceManaging a diverse workforce
Keeping up with technological Keeping up with technological
change and implementing change and implementing
technology in the workplacetechnology in the workplace
Managing ethical behaviorManaging ethical behavior
Changing Business Changing Business Perspectives Perspectives
From International (which implies an individual’s or organization’s held nationality is strongly in consciousness)
To Globalization (which implies the world is freefrom national boundaries andthat it is really a borderless world)
From Multinational Organizations (in which the organization was recognized as doing business with other countries)
Changing Business Changing Business PerspectivesPerspectives
To Transnational Organizations (in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues)
GLOBAL MARKETPLACEGLOBAL MARKETPLACE
Creation of the European UnionCreation of the European Union
Establishment of NAFTAEstablishment of NAFTA
CH
AN
GES
IN
TH
E
Understanding Cultural Understanding Cultural DifferencesDifferences
HOFSTEDE’S DIMENSIONS
Where the U.S. StandsWhere the U.S. StandsON HOFSTEDE’S DIMENSIONS
INDIVIDUALISMINDIVIDUALISM
High power distanceHigh power distance
High uncertainty avoidanceHigh uncertainty avoidance
MASCULINITYMASCULINITY
Long-term orientationLong-term orientation
CollectivismCollectivism
Low power distanceLow power distance
LOW UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCELOW UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
FemininityFemininity
SHORT-TERMM ORIENTATIONSHORT-TERMM ORIENTATION
Developing Cross-Cultural Developing Cross-Cultural SensitivitySensitivity
Cultural sensitivity trainingCultural sensitivity training Cross-cultural task forces/teamsCross-cultural task forces/teams Global view of human resource Global view of human resource
functionsfunctions PlanningPlanning Recruitment and SelectionRecruitment and Selection CompensationCompensation Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development
DiversityDiversityall forms of individual differences, all forms of individual differences,
including culture, gender, age, including culture, gender, age,
ability, personality, religious ability, personality, religious
affiliation, economic class, social affiliation, economic class, social
status, military attachment and status, military attachment and
sexual orientationsexual orientation
Diversity Statistics for the Diversity Statistics for the WorkplaceWorkplace
Ethnic 2020 Workforce: 68% white non-Hispanic 14% Hispanic
11% African-American 5% Asian
Gender 2020 Workforce: 50% male 50% female
According to The Institute for Diversity and According to The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport at the University of South Ethics in Sport at the University of South Florida, key leadership positions at Football Florida, key leadership positions at Football Bowl Subdivision schools remain Bowl Subdivision schools remain predominantly white and male. predominantly white and male.
100% of athletic conference commissioners. 100% of athletic conference commissioners. 93.3% of university presidents93.3% of university presidents 86.7% of athletic directors86.7% of athletic directors 92.5% of head football coaches92.5% of head football coaches 82.9% of faculty82.9% of faculty
Beyond the Book:Beyond the Book:Diversity in College FootballDiversity in College Football
& OBSTACLES AT WORK& OBSTACLES AT WORK Comprise over 60% of the workforceComprise over 60% of the workforce Earn 49% of all doctoratesEarn 49% of all doctorates Earn 60% of master’s degreesEarn 60% of master’s degrees Earn 58% of undergraduate degreesEarn 58% of undergraduate degrees
BUTBUT Little increase in number of women CEOs.Little increase in number of women CEOs. Earn 81% of what male counterparts do. Earn 81% of what male counterparts do. Encounter the glass ceiling in the workplaceEncounter the glass ceiling in the workplace
WO
MEN
Diversity Statistics Diversity Statistics Affecting Affecting the Workplacethe WorkplaceAge By 2030, people over 65 will comprise
20% of the population.
Ability An estimated 50 million disabled live in the U.S.; their unemployment rate exceeds 50%.
Diversity’s Benefits & Diversity’s Benefits & ProblemsProblems
BENEFITS PROBLEMS
• Resistance to change• Lack of cohesiveness• Communication problems• Interpersonal conflicts• Slower decision making
•Attracts and retains the best talent• Improves marketing efforts• Promotes creativity and innovation•Results in better problem solving•Enhances organizational flexibility
[Consequential Theory]
an ethical theory that emphasizes the consequences or results of behavior
Ethical Ethical TheoriesTheories
[Rule-Based Theory] an ethical theory that emphasizes the character of the actitself rather than its effects
[Character Theory] an ethical theory that emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and integrity of the individual
Employee Rights IssuesEmployee Rights Issues
Technology and Technology and privacyprivacy
HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS ConfidentialityConfidentiality
Sexual Harassment = Sexual Harassment = Unwanted Sexual Unwanted Sexual AttentionAttention
Gender HarassmentGender Harassment –– crude comments; crude comments; behaviors that convey hostility toward a behaviors that convey hostility toward a particular genderparticular gender
Unwanted Sexual AttentionUnwanted Sexual Attention –– unwanted unwanted touching, unwanted pressure for datestouching, unwanted pressure for dates
Sexual CoercionSexual Coercion –– demands for sexual demands for sexual favors through job-related threats or favors through job-related threats or promisespromises
Alternative Work Alternative Work ArrangementsArrangements
TelecommutingTelecommuting
Satellite officesSatellite offices
Virtual officesVirtual offices
Alternative Work Alternative Work ArrangementsArrangements
EmployeesEmployees Gain flexibilityGain flexibility Save the commute to workSave the commute to work Enjoy the comforts of homeEnjoy the comforts of home
But, they But, they Have distractionsHave distractions Lack socialization opportunitiesLack socialization opportunities Lack interaction with supervisorsLack interaction with supervisors Identify less with the organizationIdentify less with the organization
Technological Change Technological Change Requires Managers to:Requires Managers to:
Develop technical competence to Develop technical competence to gain workers’ respect gain workers’ respect
Focus on helping workers manage Focus on helping workers manage the stress of their workthe stress of their work
Take advantage of the wealth of Take advantage of the wealth of information available to motivate, information available to motivate, coach, and counselcoach, and counsel——not to controlnot to control
Help Employees Adjust byHelp Employees Adjust by Involving them in decision making Involving them in decision making
regarding technological changeregarding technological change Selecting technology that increases Selecting technology that increases
workers’ skill requirementsworkers’ skill requirements Providing effective trainingProviding effective training Establishing support groupsEstablishing support groups Encouraging reinvention (creative Encouraging reinvention (creative
application of new technology)application of new technology)