Four Perspectives on European World CitiesFour Perspectives on European World Cities

Peter NewmanPeter Newman

University of Westminster, London, UKUniversity of Westminster, London, UK

• European World City-RegionsEuropean World City-Regions

• an EU perspectivean EU perspective

• the European World City in the world of citiesthe European World City in the world of cities

• the challenge for World City Networksthe challenge for World City Networks

Europe’s World Cities?Europe’s World Cities?

Peter Hall’s European World Cities 1966

London – Paris – Randstad Holland – Rhine Ruhr - Moscow

John Friedmann - Alpha and Beta World Cities

London – Paris – Frankfurt – Milan – Zurich – Brussels – Madrid – Moscow

Polynet - mega city regions (advanced producer services)

North West Europe

London World City-RegionLondon World City-Region

Paris – World City-Region?Paris – World City-Region?

European Spatial PlanningEuropean Spatial Planning

city-region networks

trans-European transport

World City NetworkWorld City Network Peter Taylor

business connectivitybusiness connectivity

city networkscity networks

global business classglobal business class

World City Policy Network?World City Policy Network?

“heavy institutional deficit” Jan-Erik Lane

World Bank / IMF / UN –

‘continual conflict’

‘lack of ownership / capacity /accountability’

‘diverse levels of cooperation’

City Benchmarking

Regional Networks

Global Networks

European leadership?

“London is well placed to help the world adapt. I am committed to making London a world leader in tackling climate change.”

“Happy, green,clean,safe. And pioneering on the whole environmental agenda, taking that stuff seriously, making London the centre of the new global green revolution.” Boris

Johnson, Mayor of London

city networks as hybrid institutions– ngo + government

- legitimacy of collective action