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North American

Biochar Symposium,October 13-16, 2013

Amherst University, MA

e!nes!ay Session1:30 PM - 2:50 PM, Room CC 163

Sma"" Sca"e #evices $or%ro!uc&on o$ Biochar%au" An!erson, %h# 'ar" (ro)ner, %h# %au" *ay"or, %h#

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Ob+ec&ves o$ this Session• **This session will give the aendees se!i"! #as well as

int$od%!to$&' in(o$ma)on ao%t how &o% as individ%als o$small g$o%s !an A*UA. %/O#U .OU/ ON BOA/

This !an e o( a$)!%la$ inte$est to:

• 1+ *eachers 4 e!ucators o( an& s%e!t that $elates to io!ha$

#h&si!al s!ien!es, lant s!ien!e, soil s!ien!e, so!ial s!ien!e,et!+'

• 2+ 5perimenters inte$ested in io!ha$ !ha$a!te$ia)on,

in!l%ding iss%es o( di.e$ent o$iginal iomass and the ma/ing

o( designe$ io!ha$s & !hanging $od%!)on !ha$a!te$is)!s+• 3+ ar!eners who also have a!!ess to s%!ient d$& iomass+

• + Anyone suppor&ve o$ improve! coo7stoves (o$

imove$ished eole, in!l%ding s%o$te$s o( 4s wo$/ing

ove$seas+

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• Si8es o$ %yro"y&c !evices4systems/an)e $rom Micro to i)an&c 9*o be !iscusse! "ater:

• *in can *U# $rom soup an! beans cans• One )a""on paint cans• ;hampion

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(our ssen&a" omponents

in Any Success$u" Stove %ro+ect• (ue"sC  Store! an! avai"ab"e ener)y

• ombus&on #evicesC  /e"ease o$the ener)y• App"ica&onsC  Uses o$ the ener)y

• uman (actorsC  osts, avai"abi"ity,coo7in) pre$erences, si8es, socia"percep&ons, mar7e&n), etc

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(our ssen&a" omponents in

Any Success$u" BOA/ %ro+ect

• (ee!-stoc7sC  Store! an! avai"ab"eA/BON

• %yro"ysis *echno"o)yC rea&ono$ char 4 biochar

• %hysica" ircumstancesC #evices $or pro!uc&on, inc"u!in) si8es

• uman (actorsC  osts, biocharpre$erences, socia" percep&ons, mar7e&n)

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•oncepts o$ %yro"ysis

9an! ;carboni8a&on

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 –Ano5ic 9No o5y)en present $rom airH e5terna" heatH noIame on biomass:

• /etorts –O5ic 9Iame present on biomass provi!es heat:

• /e)u"ar Jres have $u"" combus&on invo"vin)C

• 1: pyro"ysis,• 2: char-)asiJca&on an!• 3: combus&on o$ )ases 9p"us ash an! emissions, i$ any:• asiJers Dith separa&on o$ 1, 2, K 3 because o$ contro""e!

entry o$ air4o5y)en an! contro""e! e5it o$ )ases – #oDn!ra=, Up!ra=, *op-it Up#ra= 9*U#:

• OthersC Semi-)asiJers 9"ess contro" o$ access to o5y)en:

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asiJers• #evices in Dhich !ry biomass is

trans$orme! into combus&b"e )ases inprocesses distncly and conrollablyseparae in tme and locaton $rom the

eventua" use 9combus&on: o$ the )ases• *here are severa" types an! many !esi)nsC

 – #oDn#ra=

 – Up#ra=

 – *op-it Up#ra= *U# 9ee-lud :

• *heir chars can be !iLerent

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*hree Basic #esi)ns o$ asiJersName K

#ra=

#irec&on

(ue"

moves

ases

move

%osi&on

o$ Jre

har

create!

har

remova"

har

specs

#oDn#ra= #oDn #oDn Boom >ery hot

E00

#iPcu"t,

n hot

spotUp#ra= #oDn Up Boom an be

>arie!

QR0 to

00

n or

be"oD

hot spot

*op-it

Up#ra=

Sta&c

9batch:

Up Mi)rates

!oDn

QR0 to

6R0

n! o$

batch

C$oss7$a8

and othe$s

Rela)vel& %n!ommon and not ve$& imo$tant

!on!e$ning io!ha$ $od%!)on+

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haracteris&cs o$ *hree asiJers#oDn#ra=

(ue" enters topcon&nuous"y an!

moves !oDnDar!

Up#ra=

(ue" enters topcon&nuous"y an!

moves !oDnDar!

*op-it Up#ra=

(ue" is batch "oa!e!an! batch un"oa!e!

usua""y at top

%rimary air enters

above or at hot 8one,

an! )ases move!oDnDar!

%rimary air enters

be"oD or at hot 8one,

an! )ases moveupDar!

%rimary air enters at

boom an! moves

upDar! to thepyro"ysis $ront an!

con&nues up

(ire at boom an!

stays at boom ot

char is create! an!consume! un"ess

remove! Dith !iPcu"ty

(ire at boom an!

stays at boom har

is create! an! isremove! Guite easi"y i$

!esire!

%yro"ysis $ront starts at

top an! mi)rates

!oDnDar! un&"comp"e&on

ases e5it at boom

a=er passin) throu)h

the hot char

ases e5it at the top

an! !o NO* pass

throu)h the char

ases e5it at the top

an! #O pass throu)h

the char, Dith some

possib"e secon!ary

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Biochar-pro!ucin)

oo7stovesC

*U#s an! the A%au" S An!erson 9#r *U#:sande$s9ilst%+ed%  www+d$tl%d+!om 

;wam% td #?ganda'

Chi =ne$g& >td #@llinois'

A%ntos =ne$g& Bol%)ons 4P #@llinois'

mailto:psanders@ilstu.eduhttp://www.drtlud.com/http://www.drtlud.com/mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu

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Abstract 9o$ An!erson presenta&on:• P$od%!)on o( io!ha$ in small amo%nts is !ommonl&

asso!iated with coo7in) stoves ca""e! *U# #tee-l%d D To->it

?7$a8' gasi"e$s+

• *U# pyro"ysis is eElained and $esented in the !onteEt o(

wo$ld-wide e.o$ts led & the loal ;llian!e (o$ Clean

Coo/stoves #;CC' to int$od%!e 100 mi""ion improve!

coo7stoves into im$ove$ished ho%seholds by 2020+

• Avai"abi"ity o( s%!h stoves in 4o$th ;me$i!a is dis!%ssed,

in!l%ding 7o-@t-Fo%$sel( o)ons, the $os and !ons o( s%!h

devi!es, and the oten)al (o$ int$od%!)on o( io!ha$ st%diesinto s!hool !%$$i!%la+

• This $esenta)on is a good intro!uc&on $or some ac&vi&es at

the Biochar (ie"! #ay ac&vi&es on Th%$sda& a8e$ the

!on(e$en!e+

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ases rise K

charcoa" $orms

$rom upper

$ue" Dhen

pyro"ysis

pro)resses

!oDnDar!

into the

raD $ue"

Be!onda$&

ai$ ente$s

ombus&on 8one

K heat app"ica&on 

;/eactor< or )as

)enera&on!evice or

pyro"ysis unit,

inc"u!in) $ue"

chamber insi!eN# T Natura" #ra=

;hampion< *U#-N# )asiJer 9200:

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Micro-asiJers

• On"y a $eD )asiJer !esi)ns $unc&on Dithstove-si8e! Jres an! can be ca""e! ;micro-

)asiJers,

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*U# asiJers an Ma7e Biochar• ("amin) 9)"oDin): pyro"ysis Dith very "imite!

supp"y o$ air *his is NO* a retort

• Usua""y 1R to 22 yie"! o$ biochar by Dei)ht

• ontro" o$ primary air supp"y impacts the

characteris&cs 9Gua"ity: an! Guan&ty o$ biocharan ma7e ;!esi)ner biochar< Dith $orce! air

• More primary air T hi)her temperatures T

!iLerent characteris&cs an! "oDer yie"!• /e$C “All biochars are no creaed equal…” 

hpC44DDDbiochar-interna&ona"or)4sites4!e$au"t4J"es4A""-Bioch

  an! at DDD!rt"u!com

http://www.biochar-international.org/sites/default/files/All-Biochars--Version2--Oct2009.pdfhttp://www.drtlud.com/http://www.drtlud.com/http://www.biochar-international.org/sites/default/files/All-Biochars--Version2--Oct2009.pdf

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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• Si8es o$ %yro"y&c !evices4systems/an)e $rom Micro to i)an&c 9*o be !iscusse! "ater:

• *in can *U#s $rom soup an! beans cans• One )a""on paint cans• ;hampionU#:

• Barre"-si8e Ovens 9#r (ro)ner?s presenta&on:• *U#s /etorts ombina&ons

• ;Sma""-$arm< si8e @1 to cubic meters 9#r *ay"or?spresenta&on

  9Many o$ these Di"" be shoDn an! Jre! at (ie"! #ay:

  9Other presenta&ons at this on$erence:

• Me!ium-si8e 9e) A!am /etort by N Biochar:

• ar)e si8e iant si8e i)an&c si8e

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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/ichar!C A 10-can *in an Stove

• This )n!ani%m at$ia$!hwas !$eated & Ri!ha$d

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;i""ie One-can<

an! the Stove (actory• Made ($om a single )n !an+ These th$ee a$e T>?7s+

Riser for natural draft.

Concentrator disk sits

on indented metal ofthe top of the

secondary air holes

(red arrows).

Fuel chamber has

holes in the bottom

for primary air,

therefore this “illie!

is raised on nails or

small rods.

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*oucanX  StovesC

.es, they are ma!e o$ tDo cans• The t$adema$/ name (o$ K%ghM!>a%ghlinHs designs o(homemade )n!ani%m T>?7s+

 – Bome o( his designs have mo$e o$(ewe$ )n !ans+ K%gh !an a$el&!o%nt ast one on a good da& I

 – the$s eoleHs stoves ma& e ($om2 !ans, %t the& a$e not gen%ineTo%!an stoves+

 – Comlete inst$%!)ons on the Le:

http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/cont

ent/1g-toucan-tlud-biochar-jan-2010

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;(rea7in< 3-can Stoves

• The$e a$e man& stove

designs with th$ee )n !ans+

• Ke$e is the $e(%gee ve$sion

o( the Chamion T>?7+

  DDDbioener)y"istsor)4

an!ersont"u!construc&on

" " "

#

$

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Ma7e .our ODn

Biochar Stove

• ;%tho$ elie Lilson

• This oo/ will tea!h

&o% how to ma/e ($om

  $e!&!led mate$ials a simle stove that will !oo/

meals and ma/e io!ha$ ($om !lean, d$& iomass+

This oo/ is (o$ ga$dene$s, tea!he$s, st%dents andthose who a$e inte$ested in asi! s%$vival s/ills+

• hpC44DDDbiochar-eboo7scom4

All the tools and materials you will need to make the Bubble Stove.

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ele g$ill with io!ha$-

$od%!ing T>?7 gasi"e$

to a!!omlish Comined

Keat ;nd

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• Si8es o$ %yro"y&c !evices4systems/an)e $rom Micro to i)an&c 9*o be !iscusse! "ater:

• *in can *U# $rom soup an! beans cans• One )a""on paint cans• ;hampionU#:• Barre"-si8e Ovens 9#r (ro)ner?s presenta&on:

• *U#s /etorts ombina&ons• ;Sma""-$arm< si8e @1 to cubic meters 9#r *ay"or?s

presenta&on

  9Other presenta&ons at this on$erence: • Me!ium-si8e 9e) A!am /etort by N Biochar:• ar)e si8e• iant si8e

• i)an&c si8e

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%hotos o$ hampion asiJers Ma!e

an! Use! in n!ia F 200V to present

; $od%!t o( Be$vals ;%toma)on, Chennai, Tamil 4ad%, @ndia+

h:NNse$valsg$o%+logsot+!omN200GN05Ntl%d-gasi"e$-stoves-wood-stove-with+html 

http://servalsgroup.blogspot.com/2009/05/tlud-gasifier-stoves-wood-stove-with.htmlhttp://servalsgroup.blogspot.com/2009/05/tlud-gasifier-stoves-wood-stove-with.html

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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MDoto *U#-N# in U)an!a• 2011-2012 B BA project in

ganda conducted by!"##!. http://www.mwotostove.com 

• $ver %000 stoves o& this

'woto (!lassic) design.• *rice: +,1.• *roduction continues by

'woto actories td. ampala

• +ame &unctional dimensionsbut di&&erent design now by3wamu Biomass #nergy td.

http://www.mwotostove.com/http://www.mwotostove.com/http://www.mwotostove.com/http://www.mwotostove.com/

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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Wua! 32 *U#-N#

by ADamu Biomass ner)y t! in U)an!a

 • *U#-N# !imensionsi!en&ca" to the MDoto

;"assic< *U#• USY1Q per stove *est

resu"ts on nternet

• ("at %ac7 $abrica&on• Main"y ;*ab K S"ot<

assemb"y, to be !one near

point o$ sa"e

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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Wua! 32 *U# ;Iat-pac7< pieces

4ntended &ormanu&acturein many

countries5using jigs &ormanual labor.*ossible &orproductionwith metalstamping.

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ADamu ;Wua!

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Nurhu!a?s *U#s in n!onesiaThe newest model, UB-03-1, sells (o$ O?B12+

@nten)onall&

designed to

aea$ simila$

to a /e$osene

#a$a"n'

stove+

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Be"onio?s /ice us7 *U#-(A asiJer;n)!iated $i!e: ?B 25 in BB o$ 12 in mild steel

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/ee!?s oo!)as ampstove

• 4ow $od%!ed in

@ndia with 100Q

stainless steel!onst$%!)on+

• P$i!es: ?B55

5+• Beve$al tho%sands

have een sold+

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>aria&ons o$*U# )asiJer

coo7stoves 

S To $ow is with (ans+

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• Si8es o$ %yro"y&c !evices4systems/an)e $rom Micro to i)an&c 9*o be !iscusse! "ater:

• *in can *U# $rom soup an! beans cans• One )a""on paint cans• ;hampion

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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;s soon as &o%wo$/ o%t the heat

so%$!e #le8', &o%

wo$/ o%t the

ali!a)on+

T6-3 using7-gallonbuc8ets. 9oteuse o& a small

blower toorced 3ir 3

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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*oucan ("e5 *U#-N#

• a%ghlin

•

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ADamu ns&tu&ona" Stove

• 100 to 300 "iter si8es 9shoDn 1R0 Hsecon! "ip provi!es sea" an! han!"es:

• *rip"e concentric air channe"with insulation under top and in outer gap5&or heat trans$er ePciency an! coo"er si!esHchimney sustains !ra=:

• arge T6-96 gasi&ier uelcontainer 0 cm 6ia. %; cm ganda-made.

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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• Si8es o$ %yro"y&c !evices4systems/an)e $rom Micro to i)an&c 9*o be !iscusse! "ater:

• *in can *U# $rom soup an! beans cans• One )a""on paint cans• ;hampion

8/20/2019 F&P Paul Anderson

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;stu$a (inca<9(arm Stove:

• Made in Costa Ri!a &BeaCha$ o( Beale+

• @gnited as a T>?7, and

when the "$e #hot one'is at the oom,

addi)onal wood !an e

added, as in a t$adi)onal

? 7$a8 gasi"e$ with

minimal !ha$ gasi"!a)on+

•

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Biomass ri"", by hip ner)y

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• Si8es o$ %yro"y&c !evices4systems/an)e $rom Micro to i)an&c 9*o be !iscusse! "ater:

• *in can *U# $rom soup an! beans cans• One )a""on paint cans• ;hampion

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ebsite !e!icate! to *U#

Micro)asiJer *echno"o)ies• @n!l%des (%els, !om%s)on, ali!a)ons and

h%man (a!to$s+

• P$ovided & 7$ T>?7 #Pa%l ;nde$son'

  DDD!rt"u!com  mai"C psan!ersZi"stue!u

mailto:psanders@ilstu.edumailto:psanders@ilstu.edu