Fracture Resistance of 4-in. Thick A36 and A588 Grade A Electroslag Weldments

The fracture resistance of full-thickness weldments is found to be greater than or equal to that of earlier subsize specimens

BY J. F. SOVAK

ABSTRACT. Fracture-toughness data ob­tained earlier as part of NCHRP Project 10-10 suggested that electroslag weld­ments of both ASTM A36 and A588 Grade A steel plate can have adequate toughness for use in bridges. However, the data were obtained by using small, subsized specimens taken from 4 in. thick weldments. Because thicker specimens may produce lower toughness values than thinner sections (due to constraint at the crack tip), several full-thickness weld­ments were tested to confirm the earlier results.

The present data show that the frac­ture-toughness values obtained by using subsized specimens may underestimate the actual fracture resistance of full-sized weldments due to residual stress.

Introduction

The fracture-toughness behavior of electroslag weldments in two structural steels was investigated as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 10-10 (Ref. 1). Limited data obtained during the investi­gation suggested that electroslag weld­ments of both ASTM A36 and A588

Table 1—Processing Details for 4-in. Thick Weldments Investigated—Oscillating Tube Filler Metal Feed and Water-Cooled Welding Shoes

Weldment no.(a)

Steel Filler metal

3

A36 Cored

8

A588-A Solid

(a )The axis of the weld for weldment no. 3 was orienled normal to the plate-rolling direction (the most common orientation in bridge fabrication). The axis of the weld for weldment No. 8 was oriented parallel to the plate-rolling direction.

Grade A steel plate can have adequate toughness for use in bridges.

The original tests were conducted by using 2 in. thick (51 mm) specimens machined from 4 in. thick (102 mm) weldments. However, in thicker sections there may be more constraint (plane-strain rather than plane-stress) and atten­dant lower fracture toughness at the crack tip. Thus, it was not known if the fracture resistance of the full-thickness weldments would be lower than that indicated from tests of the smaller sub-sized specimens.

To resolve this question, several full-thickness weldments were tested under the same conditions as the earlier sub-sized specimens.

Materials and Experimental Work

Materials

Fracture-toughness tests of full-thick­ness specimens were conducted on two weldments of A36 and A588 steels that had been tested earlier (Ref. 1) by using 2 in. thick specimens. The weldments examined in the present study were butt joints of 4 in. to 4 in. thick (101.6 mm) plates welded as summarized in Table 1. The weldments were 42 in. (1.07 m) long and were welded by using water-cooled shoes.

To minimize variability, the joint prepa­ration, fixturing, heat input, and travel speed were closely controlled (Ref. 1). The weldments were radiographed and

Paper presented at the 62nd AWS Annual Meeting held in Cleveland, Ohio, during April 5-10, 1981.

j F. SOVAK is a Research Engineer, Research Laboratory, U. S. Steel Corporation, Monroe-ville, Pennsylvania.

ultrasonically inspected prior to machin­ing of the specimens.

The chemical compositions of the elec­trodes, the guide tube, and the A36 and A588 Grade A base plate are presented in Table 2. Tensile properties of the weld metal and base plate (Table 3) and the Charpy V-notch (CVN) properties (Table 4) were determined.

Specimen Preparation

The fracture-toughness specimens were prepared and tested in accordance with the ASTM test for Plain-Strain Frac­ture Toughness of Metallic Materials (E399-79). They were full-thickness (4 in.) fatigue-precracked three-point-bend plane-strain fracture-toughness, K|C, spec­imens that were 8 in. (203 mm) deep, with a length that would accomodate a 32 in. (813 mm) span.

Fatigue cracks extended to approxi­mately one half the specimen depth; they were located on the weld centerline parallel to the weld and perpendicular to the plate surface. A588 Grade A base­plate specimens with the same dimen­sions were also prepared, and the crack was oriented perpendicular to the rolling direction. No A36 base-plate specimens were tested. Duplicate tests were con­ducted for each type of specimen.

Each specimen contained a 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) long machined starter notch that was extended about 2 in. (51 mm) by fatigue precracking; this produced a total crack length of about 4.5 in. (114 mm). Precracking was conducted at a stress ratio, R, of less than 0.1, and the maxi­mum stress-intensity factor, K, was main­tained below 27.4 ksi y^A. (30.1 MPa \/m). The fatigue cracks were extended well beyond the starter notch, because it has been shown that, for weldments, this procedure is more likely to produce the

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT | 269-s

Table 2—Chemical Composition (Check Analysis) of 4-in. Thick Steel Plates, Electrodes, and Guide Tube Used for Test Weldments, %

C Mn Cu Ni Cr Mo V Ti

Weldment of A36 plate

Al O As Sb

0.032 0.005 0.0025 Base 0.25 1.08 0.010 0.025 0.24 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 <0.005 metal EWTI 0.03 1.71 0.011 0.021 0.27 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.005 <0.002 0.005 cored elec­trode

Weldment of A588 Grade A plate

0.06 0.032 0.005 0.0017

Sn H<">

3.2

Base 0.19 1.18 0.009 0.019 0.25 0.32 0.26 0.55 0.06 metal EM13K 0.11 1.08 0.021 0.019 0.48 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.005 <0.002 0.006 -EW solid electrode Both weldments

Con- 0.14 0.75 0.003 0.027 0.021 0.02 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 0.066 0.005 suma-ble guide tube

0.044 0.0005 0.002 14.1

''Parts per million

straight crack f ront requi red fo r K|c test­ing. Even so, the fatigue-crack f ront was extremely irregular for one o f the A588 Grade A steel we ldments .

K|C Test Procedures and Analysis

The K|C tests w e r e conduc ted at —30°F (—34°C), at an intermediate loading rate, and in accordance w i th ASTM E399. The test tempera ture corresponds to the min­imum operat ing temperature fo r bridges fo r most regions of the cont inental Uni t ­ed States. Also, the rate of loading corre­sponds to about 1 t o 2 seconds (s) t o failure, wh ich is a conservat ive (faster than expected) rate of loading for bridges and most o ther structures.

The nominal elastic-strain rate at the elastic-plastic boundary was approx i ­mately 10~ 3 s - 1 . The yield-strength values for the intermediate loading rate at - 3 0 ° F ( - 3 4 ° C ) w e r e est imated f r o m the room- tempera tu re static yield-strength values by using in format ion presented by Shoemaker and Rolfe (Ref. 2). The K, values w e r e calculated according to the equat ion

K, = Y -PS

BW 3 (1)

w h e r e P = the load, S = the three-point span, B = the specimen thickness,

Table 3—Tensile Properties of 4

Orientation

Longitudinal Transverse

Longitudinal direction)

Longitudinal Transverse

Longitudinal direction)

(to

(to

weld

weld

in.

Yield strength (0.2% offset),

ksi

39.5 40.7

52.5

54.4 55.3

54.6

Thick Weldments^

Tensile strength,

ksi

A36 base plate'1"

74.7 74.4

Weld metal of A36 plate<c>

77.2

A588 Grade A base plate

87.9 88.5

Weld metal of A588 Grade A pia

83.4

Elongation in 2 in., %

te<c

30.0 29.0

18.5

24.5 22.5

25.8

Reduction of area, %

62.8 55.7

29.6

67.1 56.2

63.0

(a )Average for duplicate 0.505 in. diameter specimens. (b)This plate was normalized to meet the AASHTO notch-toughness requirements. <c)From midwidth of the weld.

VV = the specimen dep th , and Y = a funct ion o f the crack-length to specimen-dep th ratio, a / W , given in ASTM E399.

Results and Discussion

The fracture-toughness test results are presented in Table 5 and Fig. 1. None o f the f racture surfaces s h o w e d evidence of shear lips or of stable crack extension prior to rapid crack extension. Howeve r , the lack o f shear lips alone does not necessarily establish the f racture resis­tance of a material.

The average K Q values for the we ld metal of the A36 and A588 Grade A weldments and o f the A588 Grade A base plate w e r e 69.6, 71.2, and 50.3 ksi VinT (76.6, 78.3, and 55.3 MPa Airf), respectively. In compar ison, the min imum C V N energy absorpt ion cor responding to the - 3 0 ° F ( - 3 4 ° C ) test temperature was less than 10, 5, and 12 ft- lb (13.6, 6.8, and 16.3 )) for the w e l d metal of the A36 and A588 Grade A we ldments and for the A588 Grade A base plate, respect ive-

iy. None o f the tests satisfied all the ASTM

E399 criteria for a valid plane-strain frac­ture-toughness test. Howeve r , mo re than half the tests w e r e nearly val id. There­fore , the test results w e r e d iv ided into t w o categories: essentially valid and inval­id , depend ing on wh ich o f the validity criteria w e r e not satisfied — Table 5.

The values obta ined fo r each category for the 4 in. thick full-thickness specimens of this study are s h o w n in Fig. 1 along w i th earlier results obta ined by using 2 in. thick specimens. A K|C vs. tempera ture curve for an A36 base plate that just satisfied the AASHTO toughness require­ments (Ref. 3) is included for compar ison (similar data for A588 Grade A base plate was not available).

270 -s I DECEMBER 1 9 8 1

Table 4—Charpy V-Notch Results for 4 in. Thick Weldments (a)

Energy absorption, ft-lb Lateral expansion, mils

+75°F 4-40°F 0"F -20°F - 4 0 : F +72°F

Weld Metal of A36 Weldment

+40°F 0°F -20°F -40GF

Average Minimum

Average Minimum

Average Minimum

46 41

32 27

33 30

28 26

I I 10

36 31

15 10

6 5

14 12

13 ND 44 12 ND 39

Weld Metal of A588 Grade A Weldment

5 ND 34 5 ND 31

A588 Grade A Base PlatA'

ND 10 29 ND 9 26

27 26

14 12

28 24

16 12

8 6

11 11

12 11

6 5

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

7 6

' "Convers ion factors: 1 in. = 25.4 mm; °C = 5/9 ("F - 32); 1 ft-lb = 1.356 I; I mil = 0.001 in. (b )Average and minimum of five results at 0°F and three results at all other temperatures. Specimens were taken from midthickness at the midwidth of the weld wi th the notch in the same orientation as the fatigue cracks in the full-thickness fracture-toughness specimens <c)Average and minimum of triplicate results at + 4 0 ' F and duplicate results at all other temperatures. Specimens were taken f rom the quarter-thickness location.

The data in Fig. 1 indicate that the f racture toughness o f the full-thickness 4 in. thick specimens is greater than that of the earlier 2 in. thick specimens. A c o m ­parison of the present and earlier test records suggests that residual compres­sive stresses contr ibute t o the increased fracture toughness observed for the full-thickness specimens. The existence of compressive residual stresses was also hypothesized in the earlier study o n the basis of the fatigue behavior of these we ldments (Ref. 1).

The initial po r t i on of the load vs. crack-m o u t h displacement (P vs. Vg) record for the 2 in. thick we ldmen t specimens was linear. O n the other hand, the records for the full-thickness specimens exhibi ted a

decrease in slope above 20 to 30% of max imum load. At l ow loads the c o m ­pressive residual stresses reduced the ef fect ive crack length; this resulted in a smaller c rack-mouth displacement. These compressive stresses present in the ful l-thickness we ldments opposed opening of the crack under load, wh i ch resulted in an apparent increase in the f racture resis­tance. A change in slope was not observed in the tests of the base-metal specimens.

The presence o f beneficial residual stresses in the full-thickness we ldments was substantiated further by a compar i ­son of the results obta ined f r o m the full-thickness and subsized specimens. The measured K values for the full-

thickness we ldments may be adjusted by subtracting the K values cor responding to the transition f r o m the initial steep slope o f the P vs. V g record ; w h e n this is done , the resulting K values agree very closely w i t h those obta ined earlier by using the subsized specimens. Thus, a significant por t ion of the beneficial compressive residual stress was relaxed w h e n the subsized specimens w e r e machined.

Conc lus ion

The results of the present investigation indicate that electroslag we ldmen t frac­ture-toughness data obta ined by using subsized specimens may underest imate the actual f racture resistance of full-sized

Table 5—Intermediate-Strain-Rate Fracture-Toughness at -30°F (—34°C) for Full-Thickness Specimens From 4-in. Thick A36 and A588 Grade A Weldments(a)

Weldment no.

3

3

8 8

Specimen no.

32-1

32-2

83-1 83-2

KQ.

ksi-a/irT.

ND<b>

69.6

61.4 81.0

M a x i m u m val id K|c

Kmax, fo r spec imen size, ksi-v/TrT. k s i V l r T

Weld Metal of A36 Weldment

79.8 77.7

69.6 77.8

Weld Metal of A588 Grade A Weldment

62.3 80.3 81.0 63.4

Kf (max), ks iV in -

^49.8

22.3

27.4 24.1

Pmax/Po

ND

1.0

1.01 1.0

Reasons for invalid test results(c)

1,2,3,4 1,4,5 (essentially

valid)

1,4,5 (essentially valid)

1,2,4,6,7

202L

202R

A588 Grade A Base Plate (Longitudinal)

51.8

48.8

51.1

53.5

79.9

79.7

22.5

23.4

1.0

1.096

1 (essentially valid) 1,8 (essentially val-

id)

'" 'Conversion factors: 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ksi V i n T = 1.1 M P a V ^ ( b ) N D - n o t determined. ( c )The numbers 1 through 8 indicate that the Kic test results were invalid according to ASTM E399 (Ref. 3) for one or more of the following reasons: 1. a varies by > 0.05 aAv. 5. Test record slope > 1.5 or < 0.75. 2. B and/or a < 2.5 (KQ/try)2. 6. Aa ( < 0.05 aAV. 3 K((max) > 0.6 (<jy,/aV2) KQ. 7. Surface trace of crack < 90% aAV. 4. a / w > 0,55, 8. Crack plane at > 10 deg angle to width or thickness.

W E L D I N G RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT I 271-s

>

I a 3 O

50

30 -

20 -

—

-

-

-

— 1 1 1 1 — 1 1

K, VALUES FOR FULL THICKNESS WELDMENTS

A AA36

# 0 A588

• A588 BASE PLATE

K, VALUES FOR EARLIER SUBSIZED SPECIMENS FROM WELDMENTS (REF 1)

y V A36

• • A588

VAL ID K,c FOR AN EARLIER " A36 BASE PLATE (REF 3)

SOLID POINTS: VALID AND ESSENTIALLY VALID

OPEN POINTS: INVALID

k

A

• •

1 1

e * IO'3 sec1

CONVERSION FACTORS:

1 k s i v

1

1 1 1 1

nch - 1.1 MPa v/ro inch = 25.4 mm

°C = 5/9(°F - 32)

i ,

_

-

-

-

-400 -300 -200 -100 -30 0 H00

TEMPERATURE, °F

Fig. 1 — Fracture toughness of 4 and 2 in. Thick A36 and A588 Grade A electroslag weldments at —30°F(—34CC) intermediate strain rate

weldments containing compressive resid­ual stresses. The data show that the fracture resistance of 4 in. (102 mm) thick A36 and A588 Grade A steel weldments was greater than that previously mea­sured when subsized specimens were used.

The present results, combined with those reported in the National Coopera­tive Highway Research Program Project 10-10, provide information for selection and use of electroslag weldments for the steels investigated.

References

1. Benter, W. P., lr., and Schilling, C. C 1979 (May). Acceptance criteria for electroslag weldments in bridges. National cooperative highway research program report 201. Washington, D. G: National Research Coun­cil.

2. Shoemaker, A. K„ and Rolfe, S. T. 1971 (lune). The static and dynamic low-tempera­ture crack-toughness performance of seven structural steels. Engineering Fracture Mechan­ics 2 (4): 319.

3. Barsom, ). M. 1975. Development of the AASHTO fracture-toughness requirements for bridge steels. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 7: 605-618.

Caution

It is understood that the material in this paper is intended for general information only and should not be used in relation to any specific application without indepen­dent examination and verification of its applicability and suitability by profession­ally qualified personnel. Those making use thereof or relying thereon assume all risk and liability arising from such use or reliance.

WRC Bulletin 266 April 1981

Weldability and Fracture Toughness of 5% Ni Steel

Part 1: Weld Simulation Testing

by A. Dhooge, K. Ostyn, W. Provost, and A. Vinckier

This paper describes an investigation on the weldability of a double normalized and tempered 5% Ni steel using weld simulation to estimate the heat-affected zone (HAZ) ductility at cryogenic temperatures.

Charpy-V specimens were subjected to various weld simulation cycles and heat treatments and subsequently broken at a range of cryogenic temperatures.

Part 2: Wide Plate Testing

by A. Dhooge, W. Provost, and A. Vinckier

This paper describes the results of wide plate tensile tests on 25 mm thick welded 5% Ni steel plates in double normalized and tempered condition. The base metal and welded test specimens, containing 6 to 30 mm long through-thickness notches, were tested at temperature ranging from -90°C to —165°C.

Publication of this bulletin was sponsored by the Welding Research Council. The price of WRC Bulletin 266 is $10.00 per copy, plus $3.00 for postage and handling. Orders should be sent with

payment to the Welding Research Council, 345 E. 47th St., Room 801, New York, NY 10017.

272-s I DECEMBER 1981

WELDING JOURNAL INDEX VOLUME 60-1981

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 33135

Part 1—WELDING JOURNAL

SUBJECT INDEX

Air Carbon Arc Gouging Process, Growth of t h e - W . J. Coughlin and G. Fayer IV, 26 to 31, (June)

Aircraft Wing Closure Beam, Sliding-Seal Electron Beam Slot Welding of a n - R . W. Messier, Jr., 31 to 39, (Sept.).

Aluminum Microwave Assemblies, Application of Vacuum Braz­ing in Fabrication of — H. Qun, S. Dingyan and S. Suyun, 17 to 21, (Oct.).

Aluminum to Stainless Steel, Diffusion Welding of —E. R. Nai­mon, J. H. Doyle, C, R. Rice, D. Vigil and D. R. Salmsley, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

Aluminum Sections, Development of an Economical Vertical-GMA Process for Welding T h i c k - W . R. Reichelt, M. G. Hoy and ). W. Evancho, 24 to 29, (Oct.).

Application of Diffusion Welding in the U S A - W . A. Owczarski and D. F. Paulonis, 22 to 33, (Feb.).

Application of Vacuum Brazing in Fabrication of Aluminum Microwave Assemblies - H . Qun, S. Dingyan and S. Suyun, 17-21, (Oct.).

*Art, Welding is Part of Abstract-30-31, (July). *Asbestos, Welding Blanket Material Outperforms, 46 to 49,

(Sept.). Austenitic Stainless Steel, Effect of Flame Straightening Heat

o n - B . K. Vacker and R. J. Dolida, 25 to 27, (Aug.). Automated Welding in Restricted Areas Using a Flexible Probe

Gas Metal Arc Welding Torch-F . A. DeSaw and J. E. Rodgers, 17 to 22, (May).

*AWS President Repays a Debt of Learning, Former, 44 to 46, (Sept.).

*Brass Brazing Spurs Radiator Production, Switch From Silver to - 50, (Mar.).

*Brazed Cooling Tubes Protect Space Shuttle Engines —37 and 38, (Oct.).

*Brazing Cuts Costs, Contamination in Food Industry Applica­tion, Nickel-Based-41 and 42, (Oct.).

Brazing Foils, Comparison of Gold-Nickel with Nickel Base Metallic Glass-D. Bose, A. Datta and N. DeCristofaro, 29 to 34, (Oct.).

Brazing in Fabrication of Aluminum Microwave Assemblies, Application of Vacuum — H. Qun, S. Dingyan and S. Suyun, 17 to 21, (Oct.).

Brazing, Joining Tantalum to Alumina by —D. D. Berger, 25 to 28, (Oct.).

Brazing of Gray Cast Iron —S. M. Riad and A. El-Naggar, 22 to 24, (Oct.).

Brazing of Sensors for High-Temperature Steam Instrumentation

*A Practical Welder article

Systems —A. J. Moorhead, C. S. Morgan, J. J. Woodhouse and R. W. Reed, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

*Brazing Task, Preforms are Key to Touchy —38 and 39, (Oct.).

Bridge Girders, Tests of Electroslag-Welded-C. G. Schilling and K. H. Klippstein, 23 to 30, (Dec).

Bridges, Recent Experiences with Electroslag Welded —A. Pense, J. W. Fisher and ). P. Wood, 33 to 42, (Dec).

*Brinell Tester on the Job for 38 years, Por tab le-41, (Feb.). "Campus Monument, Welding Student Teams with Local Busi­

ness to Create-46 to 47, (Dec). Can Making, The Laser Welding of Steels Used in - J. Mazumder

and W. M. Steen, 19 to 25, (June). Cast Iron, Brazing of Gray —S. M. Riad and A. El-Naggar, 22 to

24, (Oct.). Ceramic Backing, Hot Start-The Key to Successful Welding

w i t h - P . A. Blomquist, 17 to 22, (July). *Ceramic Fiber Insulation Offers Four-Way Savings —38,

(Apr.). *Clamp Simplifies Fin Welding, Portable,-41, (Mar.). *Clean Air, Welded Pipe Frames Help 'Support' —32 and 34,

duly). *Coating Improves Storage Tank Weld Quality —40, (Feb.). Comparison of Gold-Nickel with Nickel Base Metallic Glass

Brazing Foils —D. Bose, A. Datta and N. DeCristofaro, 29-34, (Oct.).

""Container Market, Welded Cans Take Growing Share of — 29 and 30, (Aug.).

Cu-Ni to Steel, Ultrasonic Welding o f -Thomas J. Kelly, 29 to 31, (Apr.).

^Cylinder Theft, Marking System Curbs Gas —46, (Nov.). Development of an Economical Vertical-GMA Process for

Welding Thick Aluminum Sections —W. R. Reichelt, M. G. Hoy and J. W. Evancho, 24 to 29, (Nov.).

Development of Thermal Spray Hard Surfacing, The —W. P. Clark, 27 to 29, (July).

Diffusion Welding of Aluminum to Stainless Steel — E. R. Naimon, J. H. Doyle, C. R. Rice, D. Vigil and D. R. Walmsley, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

Diffusion Welding in the USA, Application of — W. A. Owczarski and D. F. Paulonis, 22 to 33, (Feb.).

*Dinosaurs Bring the Past to Life, Welded —Amy C. Wilpon, 44 to 45, (Dec).

*Dust Collectors Save Heat While Protecting Workers, 31 to 32, (May).

Effect of Flame Straightening Heat on Austenitic Stainless Steel — B. K. Vacker and R. J. Dolida, 25 to 27, (Aug.).

Electron Seam Slot Welding of an Aircraft Wing, Closure Beam,

Sliding-Seal - R. W. Messier, Jr., 31 to 39, (Sept.). Electron Beam Welding Thick Section Precipitation-Hardening

Steel -A. J. Turner, 18 to 26, (Jan.). Electroslag-Welded Bridge Girders, Tests of — C. G. Schilling and

K. H. Klippstein, 23 to 30, (Dec). Electroslag Welded Bridges, Recent Experiences with —A.

Pense, |. W. Fisher and |. P. Wood, 33 to 42, (Dec). Electroslag Welds: Problems and Cures —A. Ramon, 17 to 21,

(Dec). Flame Straightening Heat on Austenitic Stainless Steel, Effect

o f - B . K. Vacker and R. ). Dolida, 25 to 27, (Aug.). Flexible Probe Gas Metal Arc Welding Torch, Automated

Welding in Restricted Areas Using a — F. A. DeSaw and J. E. Rodgers, 17 to 22, (May).

•Former AWS President Repays a Debt of Learning, 44 to 46, (Sept.).

Fracture Toughness, Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part II — B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 37 to 40, (Mar.).

*Gas Control Cuts Cost of CMA, GTA Weld ing-42 and 43, (Oct.).

Gas Metal Arc Welding of HK40 Steel-P. C. Loh, C. R. Loper, Jr., and ). T. Gregory, 31 to 36, (Nov.).

Gas Metal Arc Welding Torch, Automated Welding in Restricted Areas Using a Flexible Probe —F. A. DeSaw and ). E. Rodgers, 17 to 22, (May).

*GE Instructor Shares Welding Skills Around the World — 46 and 50, (Mar.).

Generator Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints, In-Bore Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Steam —Harry Schwartzbert, 25 to 36, (Mar.).

Gouging Process, Growth of the Air Carbon Arc —W. J. Coughlin and G. Fayer IV, 26 to 31, (lune).

Growth of the Air Carbon Arc Gouging Process —W. ). Cough­lin and G. Fayer IV, 26 to 31, (lune).

Hard Surfacing, The Development of Thermal Spray —W. P. Clark, 27 to 29, (July).

*Helium Use in Welding, Tips Offered for Safe-48, (Dec). HK40 Steel, Gas Metal Arc Welding o f - P. C. Loh, G. R. Loper,

jr., and ). T. Gregory, 31 to 36, (Nov.). Hot Start-The Key to Successful SMA Welding with Ceramic

Backing-P. A. Blomquist, 17 to 22, (July). •HSLA Beam Flanges Cut Weight, Boost Capacity of Platform

Trailers —42, (Jan.). In-Bore Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Steam Generator Tube-

to-Tubesheet Joints —Harry Schwartzbert, 25 to 36, (Mar.).

*lnsert Rings for Root Pass Welds in Piping, When (and When Not) to Use-Ray Stout, 30 and 31, (May).

Instrumentation Systems, Brazing of Sensors for High-Tempera­ture Steam —A. J. Moorhead, C. S. Morgan, J. J. Wood-house and R. W. Reed, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

•Insulation Offers Four-Way Savings, Ceramic Fiber —38, (Apr.).

International Welding Fair, Special Report: The 1981 — Jeff Weber, 38 to 42, (Nov.).

Japan, New Trends in Welding Research and Development in —T. Yoshida and T. Atsuta, 15 to 22, (Aug.).

Joining Tantalum to Alumina by Brazing - D. D. Berger, 25 to 28, (Oct.).

Laser Welding of Steels Used in Can Making, The - |. Mazumder and W. M. Steen, 19 to 25, (June).

•Leather Alternative Suits Welders F ine-39 to 40, (Feb.). •Lifelong Welder lust Can't Q u i t - 3 4 , (Aug.).

*A Practical Welder article

•Marking System Curbs Gas Cylinder Theft, 46, (Nov.). Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part l-Summary of Tension Testing

of Welds — B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 33 to 37, (Ian.).

Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part ll-Summary of Tension Testing of Welds —B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 34 to 37, (Feb.).

Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part ll-Fracture Toughness —B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 37 to 40,

(Mar.).

New Technique for Welding Tool Steel, A —P. S. Doyen and Q. R. Skrabec, Jr., 25 to 28, (Sept.).

New Trends in Welding Research and Development in Japan — T. Yoshida and T. Atsuta, 15 to 22, (Aug.).

Nickel Base Metallic Glass Brazing Foils, Comparison of Gold-Nickel w i t h - D . Bose, A. Datta and N. DeCristofaro, 29 to 34, (Oct.).

*Nickel-Based Brazing Cuts Costs, Contamination in Food Indus­try Appl icat ion-41 to 42, (Oct.).

•Nitrogen Atmosphere Simplifies Brazing of Stainless Tubing — 33, (Aug.).

•Nonskid Deck Surface is Arc-Sprayed in Place — 37, (Apr.). •Nuclear Components, Welding and Testing Techniques Assure

Quality of Huge-35 to 37, (Apr).

Overseas, Shipyard Welding: How It's Done —John Mikurak, 41 to 44, (Mar.).

*Plasma Arc Welding Holds the Line on Cost —49, (Nov.). •Plastic Welding Screens Offer Safety, Flexibility 32, (May). Plummer Educational Lecture: Welding Skills Training, 1980 Fred

L.-E. G. Hornberger, 28 to 32, (Jan.). •Portable Brinell Tester on the Job for 38 Years, 41, (Feb.). •Portable Clamp Simplifies Fin Welding —51, (Mar.). Precipitation-Hardening Steel, Electron Beam Welding Thick

Sect ion-A. J. Turner, 18 to 26, (Jan.). •Preforms are Key to Touchy Brazing Task — 38 to 39, (Oct.).

•Radiator Production, Switch from Silver to Brass Brazing Spurs —50, (Mar.).

•Rail Car Plant Converts to Meet Customer Needs —33 to 34, (June).

Recent Experiences with Electroslag Welded Bridges — A. Pense, ). W. Fisher and ). P. W o o d - 3 3 to 42, (Dec).

•Reelless Welding Wire System Increases Arc Time for Irrigation Equipment Manufacturer —39 to 41, (Jan.).

Research and Development in Japan, New Trends in Welding — T. Yoshida and T. Atsuta, 15 to 22, (Aug.).

•Robot, Welding Lessons Come Easy to Programmed —34, (lune).

•Safe Helium Use in Welding, Tips Offered f o r - 4 8 , (Dec). •Screens Offer Safety, Flexibility, Plastic Welding, 32, (May). •Sculptor, Students Share Creative Welding Project —41 to 42,

(Jan.). Sensors for High-Temperature Steam Instrumentation Systems,

Brazing of —A. J. Moorhead, C. S. Morgan, J. J. Wood-house and R. W. Reed, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

Shipyard Welding: How It's Done Overseas —John Mikurak, 40 to 44, (Mar.).

•Shock Absorbers an Hour, Weld-Assembly System Produces 1800-33, (Aug.).

•Skills Around the World, GE Instructor Shares Weld ing-46 and 50, (Mar.).

Sliding-Seal Electron Beam Slot Welding of an Aircraft Wing Closure Beam-R. W. Messier, Jr., 31 to 39, (Sept.).

SMA Welding with Ceramic Backing, Hot Start-The Key to Successful —P. A. Blomquist, 17 to 22, (July).

•Smoke Remover 'De-Isolates' Welders -36 to 37, (July). •Solder Preform Scores Savings in Trumpet Manufacture —29,

(May). •Space Shuttle Engines, Brazed Cooling Tubes Protect —37 to

38, (Oct.). Special Report: The 1981 International Welding Fair-Jeff

Weber, 38 to 42, (Nov.). •Sprayed in Place, Nonskid Deck Surface is Arc — 37, (Apr.). Stainless Steel, Diffusion Welding of Aluminum to —E. R. Nai­

mon, J. H. Doyle, C. R. Rice, D. Vigil and D. R. Walmsley, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

•Stainless Tubing, Nitrogen Atmosphere Simplifies Brazing of — 33, (Aug.).

•Student Teams with Local Business to Create Campus Monu­ment, Weld ing-46 to 47, (Dec).

•Submerged Arc Unit Boosts Valve Welding Efficiency — 36 to 38, (June).

•Switch from Silver to Brass Brazing Spurs Radiator Produc­t i o n - 5 0 , (Mar.).

•Tank Weld Quality, Coating Improves Storage, 40, (Feb.). Tantalum to Alumina by Brazing, Joining —D. D. Berger, 25 to

28, (Oct.). Technician, The Welding — L. DeFreitas, 17 to 22, (Sept.). Tension Testing of Welds, Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part

l-Summary of —B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 33 to 37, (Jan.).

Tension Testing of Welds, Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part ll-Summary of —B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 34 to 37, (Feb.).

Testing of Weld: Part ll-Summary of Tension — B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 34 to 37, (Feb.).

Testing of Welds: Part l-Summary of Tension Testing of Welds, Mechanical —B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, 33 to 37, (Jan.).

Tests of Electroslag-Welded Bridge Girders — C. G. Schilling and K. H. Klippstein-23 to 30, (Dec).

Thermal Spray Hard Surfacing, The Development of —W. P. Clark, 27 to 29, (July).

•Tips Offered for Safe Helium Use in Welding —48, (Dec). Tool Steel, A New Technique for Welding — P. S. Doyen and Q.

R. Skrabec, Jr., 25 to 28, (Sept.). •Tools and Dies Can be Weld-Repaired — George Walberg, 45

to 46, (Nov.). •Trailers, HSLA Beam Flanges Cut Weight, Boost Capacity of

Plat form-42, (Jan.).

Training, 1980 Fred L. Plummer Educational Lecture: Welding Skills-E. G. Hornberger, 28 to 32, (Jan.).

Ultrasonic Welding of Cu-Ni to Steel - Thomas J. Kelly, 29 to 31, (Apr.).

•Valve Welding Efficiency, Submerged Arc Unit Boosts —36 to 38, (June).

Vertical-GMA Process for Welding Thick Aluminum Sections, Development of an Economical —W. R. Reichelt, M. G. Hoy and J. W. Evancho, 24 to 29, (Nov.).

•Weld-Assembly System Produces 1800 Shock Absorbers an H o u r - 3 3 , (Aug.).

•Weld-Repaired, Tools and Dies Can be —George Walberg, 45 to 46, (Nov.).

•Welded Cans Take Growing Share of Container Market —29 to 30, (Aug.).

•Welded Diesels Trim Costs from Merchant Fleet Operation, 41 to 42, (Sept.).

•Welded Dinosaurs Bring the Past to L i fe -Amy C. Wilpon, 44 to 45, (Dec).

•Welded Pipe Frames Help 'Support' Clean Air —32 and 34, (July).

•Welding and Testing Techniques Assure Quality of Huge Nuclear Components —35 to 37, (Apr.).

Welding Arc Sounds —A. F. Manz, 23 to 27, (May). •Welding Blanket Material Outperforms Asbestos, 46 to 49,

(Sept.). •Welding is Part of Abstract A r t - 3 0 to 31, (July). •Welding Lessons Come Easy to Programmed Robot —34,

(lune). •Welding School Plans, Implements Successful 'Road Show' —

41 to 42, (Feb.). •Welding Student Teams with Local Business to Create Campus

Monument —46 to 47, (Dec). Welding Technician, The —L. DeFreitas, 17 to 22, (Sept.). •When (and When Not) to Use Insert Rings for Root Pass Welds

in Piping-Ray Stout, 30 to 31, (May). •Wire System Increases Arc Time for Irrigation Equipment

Manufacturer, Reelless Weld ing-39 to 41, (Jan.). •Women in Welding: Historical Precedent and Technical Mas­

t e r y - V . Prah, 49 to 50, (Sept.).

AUTHOR INDEX

Atsuta, T. and Yoshida, T. — New Trends in Welding Research and Development in Japan, 15 to 22, (Aug.).

B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds —Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part l-Summary of Tension Testing of Welds, 33 to 37, (Jan.).

B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds —Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part II —Summary of Tension Testing of Welds, 34 to 37, (Feb.).

B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds —Mechanical Testing of Welds: Part Ill-Fracture Toughness, 37 to 40, (Mar).

Berger, D. D. — Joining Tantalum to Alumina by Brazing, 25 to 28, (Oct.).

Blomquist, P. A. — Hot Start-The Key to Successful SMA Welding with Ceramic Backing, 17 to 22, (July).

Bose, A., Datta, A. and DeCristofaro, N.— Comparison of Cold-Nickel with Nickel Base Metallic Class Brazing Foils, 29 to 34, (Oct.).

Clark, W. P. — The Development of Thermal Spray Hard Surfac­ing, 27 to 29, (July).

Coughlin, W. J. and Fayer, G. IV — Growth of the Air Carbon Arc Gouging Process, 26 to 31, (June).

*A Practical Welder article

Datta, A., DeCristofaro, N. and Bose, D.— Comparison of Cold-Nickel with Nickel Base Metallic Glass Foils, 29 to 34, (Oct.).

DeCristofaro, N., Bose, D. and Datta, A.— Comparison of Gold-Nickel with Nickel Base Metallic Glass, 29 to 34. (Oct.).

DeFreitas, L. — The Welding Technician, 17 to 22, (Sept.). DeSaw, F. A. and Rodgers, ). E—Automated Welding in

Restricted Areas Using a Flexible Probe Gas Metal Arc Welding Torch, 17 to 22, (May).

Dingyan, S., Suyun, S. and Qun, H.—Application of Vacuum Brazing in Fabrication of Aluminum, 17 to 21, (Oct.).

Dolida, R. J. and Vacker, B. K. - Effect of Flame Straightening Heat on Austenitic Stainless Steel, 25 to 27, (Aug.).

Doyen, P. S. and Skrabec, Jr., Q. R. — A New Technique for Welding Steel, 25 to 28, (Sept.).

Doyle, J. H., Rice, C. R., Vigil, D., Naimon, E. R. and Walmsley, D. R. — Diffusion Welding of Aluminum to Stainless Steel, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

El-Naggar, A. and Riad, S. M. — Brazing of Gray Cast Iron, 22 to 24, (Oct.).

Evancho, J. W., Reichelt, W. R. and Hoy, M. G. — Development of an Economical Vertical-GMA Process for Welding Thick Aluminum Sections, 24 to 29, (Nov.).

Fayer, G. IV, and Coughlin, W. J. —Growth of the Air Carbon Arc Gouging Process, 26 to 31, (June).

Fisher, J. W., Wood, J. P. and Pense, A. —Recent Experiences

with Electroslag Welded Bridges, 33 to 42, (Dec). Gregory, J. T., Loh, P. C and Loper, C. R.-Gas Metal Arc

Welding of HK40 Steel, 31 to 36, (Nov.). Hornberger, E. G.— 1980 Fred L. Plummer Educational Lecture:

Welding Skills Training . . . A Comparison-Part II, 28 to 32, (Jan.).

Hoy, M. G., Evancho, J. W. and Reichelt, W. R. — Development of an Economical Vertical-GMA Process for Welding Thick Aluminum Sections, 24 to 29, (Nov.).

Kelly, T. J.-Ultrasonic Welding of Cu-Ni to Steel, 29 to 31, (Apr.).

Klippstein, K. H. and Schilling, C. G. —Tests of Electroslag-Welded Bridge Girders, 23 to 30, (Dec).

Loh, P. C , Loper, Jr., C. R. and Gregory, J. T . -Gas Metal Arc Welding of HK40 Steel, 31 to 36, (Nov.).

Loper, Jr., C R., Gregory, J. T. and Loh, P. C. -Gas Metal Arc Welding of HK40 Steel, 31 to 36, (Nov.).

Manz, A. F. — Welding Arc Sounds, 23 to 27, (May). Mazumder, J. and Steen, W. M. — The Laser Welding of Steels

Used in Can Making, 19 to 25, (June). Messier, Jr., R. W. — Sliding-Seal Electron Beam Slot Welding of

an Aircraft Wing Closure Beam, 31 to 39, (Sept.). Mikurak, John - Shipyard Welding: How It's Done Overseas, 41

to 44, (Mar.). Moorhead, A. J., Morgan, C, S., Woodhouse, J. J. and Reed,

R. W. — Brazing of Sensors for High-Temperature Steam Instrumentation Systems, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

Morgan, C S., Woodhouse, J. J., Reed, R. VV. and Moorhead, A. J. —Brazing of Sensors for High-Temperature Steam Instru­mentation Systems, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

Naimon, E. R., Doyle, J. H., Rice, C. R., Vigil, D. and Walmsley, D. R. — Diffusion Welding of Aluminum to Stainless Steel, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

Owczarski, W. A., and Paulonis, D. F. — Application of Diffusion Welding in the USA, 22 to 33, (Feb.).

Paulonis, D. F., and Owczarski, W. A. — Application of Diffusion Welding in the USA, 22 to 33, (Feb.).

Pense, A., Fisher, J. W. and Wood, J. P. —Recent Experiences with Electroslag Welded Bridges, 33 to 42, (Dec).

•Prah, V . - W o m e n in Welding: Historical Precedent and Tech­nical Mastery, 49 to 50, (Sept.).

Qun, H., Dingyan, S. and Suyun, S.— Application of Vacuum Brazing in Fabrication of Aluminum Microwave Assemblies, 17 to 21, (Oct.).

Ramon, A.-Electroslag Welds: Problems and Cures, 17 to 21,

*A Practical Welder article

(Dec). Reed, R. VV., Moorhead, A. J., Morgan, C. S. and Woodhouse,

J. J.-Brazing of Sensors for High-Temperature Steam Instrumentation Systems, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

Reichelt, W. R., Hoy, M. G. and Evancho, J. VV. — Development of an Economical Vertical-GMA Process for Welding Thick Aluminum Sections, 24 to 29, (Nov.).

Riad, S. M. and El-Naggar, A. — Brazing of Gray Cast Iron, 22 to 24, (Oct.).

Rice, C. R., Vigil, D., Naimon, E. R., Doyle J. R. and Walmsley D. R., —Diffusion Welding of Aluminum to Stainless Steel, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

Rodgers, J. E. and DeSaw, F. A. —Automated Welding in Restricted Areas Using a Flexible Probe Gas Metal Arc Welding Torch, 17 to 22, (May).

Schilling, C. G and Klippstein, K. H. —Tests of Electroslag-Welded Bridge Girders, 23 to 30, (Dec).

Schwartzbert, Harry —In-Bore Tungsten Arc Welding of Steam Generator Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints, 25 to 36, (Mar.).

Skrabec, Jr., Q. R. and Doyen, P. S. — A New Technique for Welding Tool Steel, 25 to 28, (Sept.).

Steen, W. M. and Mazumder, J. —The Laser Welding of Steels Used in Can Making, 19 to 25, (June).

•Stout, Ray -When (and When Not) to Use Insert Rings for Root Pass Welds in Piping, 30 to 31, (May).

Suyun, S., Qun, H. and Dingyan, S.— Application of Vacuum Brazing in Fabrication of Microwave Assemblies, 17 to 21, (Oct.).

Turner, A. J. —Electron Beam Welding Thick Section Precipita­tion-Hardening Steel, 18 to 26, ()an.).

Vacker, B. K. and Dolida, R. J. —Effect of Flame Straightening Heat on Austenitic Stainless Steel, 25 to 27, (Aug.).

•Walberg, George —Tools and Dies Can be Weld-Repaired, 45 to 46, (Nov.).

Walmsley, D. R., Naimon, E. R., Doyle, J. H., Rice C. R. and Vigil, D. — Diffusion Welding of Aluminum to Stainless Steel, 17 to 20, (Nov.).

Weber, Jeff —Special Report: The 1981 International Welding Fair, 38 to 42, (Nov.).

•Wilpon, Amy C —Welded Dinosaurs Bring the Past to Life, 44 to 45, (Dec).

Wood, J. P., Pense, A. and Fisher, J. W. — Recent Experiences with Electroslag Welded Bridges, 33 to 42, (Dec).

Woodhouse, J. )., Reed, R. W., Moorhead, A. J. and Morgan, C. S. — Brazing of Sensors for High-Temperature Steam Instrumentation Systems, 17 to 28, (Apr.).

Yoshida, T. and Atsuta, T. — New Trends in Welding Research and Development in Japan, 15 to 22, (Aug.).

Part 2—WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

SUBJECT INDEX

A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temperature Titanium Alloys —W. A. Baeslack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Heat-Affected Zone Cracking of — N. F. Gittos and M. H. Scott, 95-s to 103-s, (June).

Alloys, A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temperature Titanium —W. A. Baes­lack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Alloying Elements on the Sigma Phase Formation in the 18-8

Weld Metals, The Effect of—J. Wegrzyn and A. Klimpel, 146-s to 154-s, (Aug.).

Aluminum Sheet, Mechanism for Critical Magnesium Diffusion in Vacuum Brazing o f -Peter Vernia, 194-s to 198-s, (Oct.).

An Evaluation of Factors Significant to Lamellar Tearing —E. J. Kaufmann, A. W. Pense and R. D. Stout, 43-s to 49-s, (Mar.).

Arc Welds, Process Modifications to Improve HAZ Toughness in High Deposition — E.G. Signes and J. C. Baker, 57-s to 62-s,

IV

(Mar.). Austenitic Electrodes, Weld Pool Segregation During the Weld­

ing of Low Alloy Steels w i t h - F . Ornath, J. Soudry, B. Z. Weiss and I. Minkoff, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Austenitic Stainless Steel, Technical Note: Comment on the Transformation 5 - * y by a Massive Mechanism in —N. Suutala, T. Takalo and T. Moisio, 92-s to 93-s, (May).

Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, Ferrite Morphology and Varia­tions in Ferrite Content in —S. A. David, 63-s to 71-s, (Apr.).

Brazing of Aluminum Sheet, Mechanism for Critical Magnesium Diffusion in Vacuum —Peter Vernia, 194-s to 198-s, (Oct.).

Brazing of Copper Plated Carbon Steel in a Zinc Vapor, Vapor Phase-T. Osawa, 215-s to 218-s, (Nov.).

Brazing, The Use of TETIG Diagrams in High Temperature —R. Johnson, 185-s to 193-s, (Oct.).

Charpy Tests to Determine Onset of Upper-Shelf Energy, Use of Instrumented —D. A. Canonico, W. J. Stelzman, R. G. Berggren and R. K. Nanstad, 85-s to 91-s, (May).

Constitutive Equation for the Critical Energy Input during Elec­troslag Welding, A —R. H. Frost, G. R. Edwards and M. D. Rheinlander, 1-s to 6-s, (Jan.).

Consumable Guide Electroslag Welds —Its Sources and Signifi­cance, Hydrogen in — G. Lowe, S. R. Bala and L. Malik, 258-s to 268-s, (Dec).

Copper Cylinder in Molten Tin under Dynamic Conditions, Dissolution of —Y. Shoji, S. Uchida and T. Ariga, 19-s to 24-s, (Jan.).

Copper Joints, Effect of Solder Thickness and Joint Overlap on the Electrical Resistance of Soldered —W. J. Reichenecker, 199-s to 201-s, (Oct.).

Copper Plated Carbon Steel in a Zinc Vapor, Vapor Phase Brazing o f - T . Osawa, 215-s to 218-s, (Nov.).

Correlation of Properties and Microstructure in Welded Ti-6AI-6V-2Sn - K. C. Wu, 219-s to 226-s, (Nov.).

Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks, The Measurement of— R. M. Bruscato, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Cracking of Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Heat-Affected Zone —N. F. Gittos and M. H. Scott, 95-s, to 103-s, (June).

Cracking in HSLA Pipeline Steels, Hydrogen-Assisted — R. Vasu­devan, R. D. Stout and A. W. Pense, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Cryogenic Service, Mechanical Properties of Weldments in Experimental Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti Alloys f o r - J . R. Stephens, J. H. Devletian and W. R. Witzke, 177-s to 184-s, (Sept.).

Cryogenic Storage Tanks, The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used I n - R . M. Bruscato, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Defects in High-Frequency Electric Resistancy Welding, The Mechanisms of Formation of Weld —H. Haga, K. Aoki and T. Sato, 104-s to 109-s, (June).

Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weldments by the RPI Silicone-Oil Extraction Method-E . F. Nippes, D. J. Ball and W. J. Gestal, Jr., 50-s to 56-s, (Mar.).

Dissolution of Copper Cylinder in Molten Tin under Dynamic Conditions —Y. Shoji, S. Uchida and T. Ariga, 19-s to 24-s, (Jan.).

Effect of Alloying Elements on the Sigma Phase Formation in the 18-8 Weld Metals, The -J . Wegrzyn and A. Klimpel, 146-s to 154-s, (Aug.).

Effect of Selenium on GTAW Fusion Zone Geometry — C. R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 143-s to 145-s, (Aug.).

Effect of Solder Thickness and Joint Overlap on the Electrical Resistance of Soldered Copper Joints —W. J. Reichenecker, 199-s to 201-s, (Oct.).

Effect of Testing Procedures in Implant Test Results, The —A. J. Bryhan, 169-s to 176-s, (Sept.).

Electron Beam Weldability of Advanced Titanium Alloys — R. W.

Messier, Jr., 79-s to 84-s, (May). Electroslag Process, Fabrication Steel Safely Using t h e - D . N.

Shackleton, Part l-244-s to 251-s, (Dec). Electroslag Weld Metal to Hydrogen, Sensitivity o f - L . N.

Pussegoda and W. R. Tyson, 252-s to 257-s, (Dec). Electroslag Welding, A Constitutive Equation for the Critical

Energy Input during —R. H. Frost, G. R. Edwards and M. D. Rheinlander, 1-s to 6-s, (Jan.).

Electroslag Weldments, Fracture Resistance of 4-inch Thick A36 and A588 Grade A - J . F. Sovak, 269-s to 272-s, (Dec).

Electroslag Welds, Ferrite Vein Cracking in —J. A. Davenport, B. N. Qian, A. W. Pense and R. D. Stout, 237-s to 243-s, (Dec).

Electroslag Welds —Its Sources and Significance, Hydrogen in Consumable Guide — G. Lowe, S. R. Bala and L. Malik, 258-s to 268-s, (Dec).

Elements on the Sigma Phase Formation in the 18-8 Weld Metals, The Effect of Alloying —J. Wegrzyn and A. Klimpel, 146-s to 154-s, (Aug.).

Fabricating Steel Safely Using the Electroslag Process-D. N. Shackleton, 244-s to 251-s, (Dec).

Fatigue Resistance of Plasma and Oxygen Cut Steel, The —N-J Ho, F. V. Lawrence, Jr. and CJ. Altstetter, 231-s to 236-s, (Nov.).

Ferrite Morphology and Variations in Ferrite Content in Austen­itic Stainless Steel Welds-S. A. David, 63-s to 71-s, (Apr.).

Ferrite Morphology in High Molybdenum Stainless Steel —M. J. Cieslak and W. F. Savage, 131-s to 134-s, (July).

Ferritic Stainless Steels, Weldability o f - D . H. Kah and D. W. Dickinson, 135-s to 142-s, (Aug.).

Ferrite Vein Cracking in Electroslag Welds —J. A. Davenport, B. N. Qian, A. W. Pense and R. D. Stout, 237-s to 243-s, (Dec).

Fracture Behavior in Ferrite-Free Stainless Steel Welds in Liquid Helium - T. A. Whipple, H. J. McHenry and D. T. Read, 72-s to 78-s, (Apr.).

Fracture Resistance of 4-inch Thick A36 and A588 Grade A Electroslag Weldments —J. F. Sovak, 269-s to 272-s, (Dec).

Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryo­genic Storage Tanks, The Measurement of Crack Arrest — R. M. Bruscato, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Fracture Toughness of Steel-Aluminum Deformation Welds, T h e - C E. Albright, 207-s to 214-s, (Nov.).

Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temperature Titanium Alloys, A Comparative Evaluation of Laser a n d - W . A. Baeslack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Geometry, Effect of Selenium on GTAW Fusion Z o n e - C R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 143-s to 145-s, (Aug.).

GTAW Fusion Zone Geometry, Effect of Selenium on — C. R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 143-s to 145-s, (Aug.).

HAZ Toughness in High Deposition Arc Welds, Process Modifi­cations to Improve —E. G. Signes and J. C. Baker, 57-s to 62-s, (Mar.).

Heat-Affected Zone Cracking of Al-Mg-Si A l l oys -N . F. Gittos and M. H. Scott, 95-s to 103-s, (June).

Heat Transfer and Penetration Mechanisms in GMA and Plasma-GMA W e l d i n g - W . G. Essers and R. Walter, 37-s to 42-s, (Feb.).

Helium, Fracture Behavior of Ferrite-Free Stainless Steel Welds in Liquid-T. A. Whipple, H. I. McHenry and D. T. Read, 72-s to 78-s, (Apr.).

HSLA Pipeline Steels, Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in — R. Vasu­devan, R. D. Stout and A. W. Pense, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HSLA Pipeline Steels-R. Vasu­devan, R. D. Stout and A. W. Pense, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Hydrogen in Weldments by the RPS Silicone-Oil Extraction Method, Determination of Diffusible-E. F. Nippes, D. J. Ball and W. J. Gestal, Jr., 50-s to 56-s, (Mar.).

V

Hydrogen, Sensitivity of Electroslag Weld Metal to —L. N. Pussegoda and W. R. Tyson, 252-s to 257-s, (Dec).

Hydrogen in Consumable Guide Electroslag Welds —Its Sources and Significance —G. Lowe, S. R. Bala and L. Malik, 258-s to 268-s, (Dec).

Implant Test Results, The Effect of Testing Procedures in —A. J. Bryhan, 169-2 to 176-s, (Sept.).

Lamellar Tearing, An Evaluation of Factors Significant to —E. J. Kaufmann, A. W. Pense and R. D. Stout, 43-s to 49-s, (Mar.).

Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temperature Titanium Alloys, A Comparative Evaluation of —W. A. Baeslack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Low Alloy Steels with Austenitic Electrodes, Weld Pool Segrega­tion During the Welding of —F. Ornath, J. Soudry, B. Z. Weiss and I. Minkoff, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Magnesium Diffusion in Vacuum Brazing of Aluminum Sheet, Mechanism for Critical —Peter Vernia, 194-s to 198-s, (Oct.).

Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks —R. M. Bruscato, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Mechanism for Critical Magnesium Diffusion in Vacuum Brazing of Aluminum Sheet-Peter Vernia, 194-s to 198-s, (Oct.).

Mechanisms of Formation of Weld Defects in High-Frequency Electric Resistance Welding, The —H. Haga, K. Aoki and T. Sato, 104-s to 109-s, (June).

Microstructure in Welded Ti-6AI-6V-2Sn, Correlation of Proper­ties a n d - K . C Wu, 219-s to 226-s, (Nov.).

•Mechanical Properties of Weldments in Experimental Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti Alloys for Cryogenic Service, by J. R. Stephens, J. H. Devletian and W. R. Witzke, 177-s to 184-s, (Sept.).

Molybdenum Stainless Steel, Ferrite Morphology in High —M. |. Cieslak and W. F. Savage, 131-s to 134-s, (July).

Morphology in High Molybdenum Stainless Steel, Ferrite —M. J. Cieslak and W. F. Savage, 131-s to 134-s, (July).

Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks, The Measure­ment of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9%-R. M. Bruscato, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Oil Extraction Method, Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weldments by the RPI-E. F. Nippes, D. J. Ball and W. ). Gestal, Jr., 50-s to 56-s, (Mar.).

Oxygen Cut Steel, The Fatigue Resistance of Plasma and — N-J Ho, F. V. Lawrence, Jr. and C. J. Altstetter, 231-s to 236-s, (Nov.).

Penetration Mechanisms with GMA and Plasma-GMA Welding, Heat Transfer and —W. G. Essers and R. Walter, 37-s to 42-s, (Feb.).

Pipeline Steels, Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HSLA — R. Vasu­devan, R. D. Stout and A. W. Pense, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Plasma and Oxygen Cut Steel, The Fatigue Resistance of —N-J Ho, F. V. Lawrence, Jr. and C. J. Altstetter, 231-s to 236-s, (Nov.).

Plasma-GMA Welding, Heat Transfer and Penetration Mecha­nisms with GMA and —W. G. Essers and R. Walter, 37-s to 42-s, (Feb.).

Pool Configuration on Heat-Affected Zone Shape, Technical Note: Effect of Weld — S. S. Glickstein and E. Friedman, 11 Os to 112-s, (June).

Premium Rail Steels with Reference to V-N Steels, A Weldability Testing Procedure for — Z. Paley, J. NG-Yelim and P. Martin, 7-s to 11-s, (Jan.).

Process Modifications to Improve HAZ Toughness in High Deposition Arc Welds — E. G. Signes and J. C. Baker, 57-s to 62-s, (Mar.).

Properties and Microstructure in Welded Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Corre­lation o f - K . C, Wu, 219-s to 226-s, (Nov.).

Radiation-Induced Swelling in Stainless Steel Weld Metal — W. F. Savage, E. F. Nippes and G. J. Bruck, 25-s to 36-s, (Feb.).

Repair-Welded Titanium Sheets, Residual Stress Measurements

i n - K . C. Wu, 12-s to 18-s, (Jan.). Residual Stress Measurements in Repair-Welded Titanium

Sheets-K. C. Wu, 12-s to 18-s, (Jan.). Resistance Welding, The Mechanisms of Formation of Weld

Defects in High-Frequency Electric —H. Haga, K. Aoki and T. Sato, 104-s to 109-s, (June).

RPI Silicone-Oil Extraction Method, Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weldments by the — E. F. Nippes, D. J. Ball and W. J. Gestal, Jr., 50-s to 56-s (Mar.).

Scanning the Solderability of a Surface —G. Becker, 202-s to 206-s, (Oct.).

Selenium on GTAW Fusion Zone Geometry, Effect of —C. R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 143-s to 145-s, (Aug.).

Sensitivity of Electroslag Weld Metal to Hydrogen — L. N. Pusse­goda and W. R. Tyson, 252-s to 257-s, (Dec).

Shape, Technical Note: Effect of Weld Pool Configuration on Heat-Affected Zone —S. S. Glickstein and E. Friedman, 110-s to 112-s, (June).

Sigma Phase Formation in the 18-8 Weld Metals, The Effect of Alloying Elements on the —J. Wegrzyn and A. Klimpel, 146-s to 154-s, (Aug.).

Solderability of a Surface, Scanning the —G. Becker, 202-s to 206-s, (Oct.).

Soldered Copper loints, Effect of Solder Thickness and Joint Overlap on the Electrical Resistance of — W. J. Reicheneck­er, 199-s to 201-s, (Oct.).

Stainless Steel, Ferrite Morphology in High Molybdenum —M. J. Cieslak and W. F. Savage, 131-s to 134-s, (July).

Stainless Steel Weld Metal, Radiation-Induced Swelling in — W. F. Savage, E. F. Nippes and G. |. Bruck, 25-s to 36-s, (Feb.).

Stainless Steel Welds, Ferrite Morphology and Variations in Ferrite Content in Austenitic —S. A. David, 63-s to 71-s, (Apr.).

Stainless Steel Welds in Liquid Helium, Fracture Behavior in Ferrite-Free - T. A. Whipple, H.J. McHenry and D. T. Read, 72-s to 78-s, (Apr.).

Stainless Steels, Weldability of Ferr i t ic-D. W. Kah and D. W. Dickinson, 135-s to 142-s, (Aug.).

Steel-Aluminum Deformation Welds, The Fracture Toughness o f - C E. Albright, 207-s to 214-s, (Nov.).

Swelling in Stainless Steel Weld Metal, Radiation-Induced — W.F. Savage, E. F. Nippes and G. J. Bruck, 25-s to 36-s, (Feb.).

Tanks, The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage — R. M. Bruscato, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Technical Note: Comment on the Transformation 5 —> y by a Massive Mechanism in Austenitic Stainless Steel — N. Suu­tala, T. Takola and T. Moisio, 92-s to 93-s, (May).

Technical Note: Effect of Weld Pool Configuration on Heat-Affected Zone Shape —S. S, Glickstein and E. Friedman, 110-s to 112-s, (lune).

Temperature Titanium Alloys, A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High —W. A. Baeslack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

TETIG Diagrams in High Temperature Brazing, The Use of —R. Johnson, 185-s to 193-s, (Oct.).

Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Correlation of Properties and Microstructure in We lded -K . C. Wu, 219-s to 226-s, (Nov.).

Tin under Dynamic Conditions, Dissolution of Copper Cylinder in Molten —Y. Shoji, S. Uchida and T. Ariga, 19-s to 24-s, (Ian.).

Titanium Alloys, A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temperature —W. A. Baeslack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Titanium Alloys, Electron Beam Weldability of Advanced — R. W. Messier, Jr., 79-s to 84-s, (May).

Titanium Sheets, Residual Stress Measurements in Repair We lded -K . C. Wu, 12-s to 18-s, (Jan.).

Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temperature Titanium Alloys, A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas —W. A. Baes­lack III and C. M. Banas, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Upper-Shelf Energy, Use of Instrumented Charpy Tests to

VI

Determine Onset of —D. A. Canonico, W. |. Stelzman, R. G. Berggren and R. K. Nanstad, 85-s to 91-s, (May).

Use of Instrumented Charpy Tests to Determine Onset of Upper-Shelf Energy — D. A. Canonico, W. ) . Stelzman, R. G. Berggren and R. K. Nanstad, 85-s to 91-s, (May).

Use of TETIG Diagrams in High Temperature Brazing, The —R. Johnson, 185-s to 193-s, (Oct.).

V-N Steels, A Weldability Testing Procedure for Premium Rail Steels with Reference t o - Z . Paley, J. NC-Yelim and P. Martin, 7-s to 11-s, (Jan.).

Vapor Phase Brazing of Copper Plated Carbon Steel in a Zinc V a p o r - T . Osawa, 215-s to 218-s, (Nov.).

Weld Pool Segregation During the Welding of Low Alloy Steels with Austenitic Electrodes —F. Ornath, J. Soudry, B. Z. Weiss and I. Minkoff, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Weldability of Ferritic Stainless Steels-D. H. Kah and D. W. Dickinson, 135-s to 142-s, (Aug.).

Weldability Testing Procedure for Premium Rail Steels with Reference to V-N Steels-Z. Paley, J. NC-Yelim and P. Martin, 7-s to 11-s, (Jan.).

AUTHOR INDEX

Albright, C. E. —The Fracture Toughness of Steel-Aluminum Deformation Welds, 207-s to 214-s, (Nov.).

Altstetter, C. J., Ho, N-J and Lawrence, Jr., F. V. —The Fatigue Resistance of Plasma and Oxygen Cut Steel, 231-s to 236-s, (Nov.).

Aoki, K., Sato, T., and Haga, H. — The Mechanisms of Formation of Weld Defects in High-Frequency Electric Resistance Welding, 104-s to 109-s, (June).

Ariga, T., Shoji, Y., and Uchida, S. — Dissolution of Copper Cylinder in Molten Tin under Dynamic Conditions, 19-s to 24-s, (Jan.).

Baeslack, W. A. Ill and Banas, C. M. — A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temper­ature Titanium Alloys, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Baker, J. C. and Signes, E. G. — Process Modifications to Improve HAZ Toughness in High Deposition Arc Welds, 57-s to 62-s, (Mar.).

Bala, S. R., Malik, L. and Lowe, G. —Hydrogen in Consumable Guide Electroslag Welds —Its Sources and Significance, 258-s to 268-s, (Dec).

Ball, D. )., Gestal, W. J. Jr., and Nippes, E. F. —Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weldments by the RPI Silicone-Oil Extraction Method, 50-s to 56-s, (Mar.).

Banas, C. M. and Baeslack, W. A. I l l - A Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments in High Temper­ature Titanium Alloys, 121-s to 130-s, (July).

Becker, O —Scanning the Solderability of a Surface, 202-s to 206-s, (Oct.).

Berggren, R. C , Nanstad, R. K., Canonico, D. A., and Stelzman, W. J. — Use of Instrumented Charpy Tests to Determine Onset of Upper-Shelf Energy, 85-s to 91-2, (May).

Bruck, G. J., Savage, W. F., and Nippes, E. F. — Radiation-Induced Swelling in Stainless Steel Weld Metal, 25-s to 36-s, (Feb.).

Bruscato, R. M. — The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks, 113-s to 120-s, (July).

Bryhan, A. J. —The Effect of Testing Procedures in Implant Test Results, 169-s to 176-s, (Sept.).

Canonico, D. A. Stelzman, W. J., Berggren, R. G. and Nanstad, R. K. — Use of Instrumented Charpy Tests to Determine Onset of Upper-Shelf Energy, 85-s to 91-s, (May).

Cieslak, M. J. and Savage, W. F. — Ferrite Morphology in High Molybdenum Stainless Steel, 131-s to 134-s, (July).

Davenport, J. A., Qian, B. N., Pense, A. W. and Stout, R. D. — Ferrite Vein Cracking in Electroslag Welds, 237-s to 243-s, (Dec).

David, S. A. —Ferrite Morphology and Variations in Ferrite Content in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, 63-s to 71-s, (Apr.).

Devletian, ). H., Witzke, W. R. and Stephens, J. R.— Mechanical Properties of Weldments in Experimental Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti Alloys for Cryogenic Service, 177-s to 184-s, (Sept.).

Dickinson, D. W. and Kah, D. H.-Weldabil i ty of Ferritic

Stainless Steels, 135-s to 142-s, (Aug.). Edwards, C. R., Frost, R. H. and Rheinlander, M. D . - A

Constitutive Equation for the Critical Energy Input during Electroslag Welding, 1-s to 6-s, (Jan.).

Essers, W. G. and Walter, R. — Heat Transfer and Penetration Mechanisms with GMA and Plasma-GMA Welding, 37-s to 42-s, (Feb.).

Friedman, E. and Glickstein, S. S. — Technical Note: Effect of Weld Pool Configuration on Heat-Affected Zone Shape, 110-s to 112-s, (lune).

Frost, R. H., Edwards, G. R. and Rheinlander, M. D . - A Constitutive Equation for the Critical Energy Input during Electroslag Welding, 1-s to 6-s, (Jan.).

Gestal, W. J., Jr., Nippes, E. F. and Ball, D. J.— Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weldments by the RPI Silicone-Oil Extraction Method, 50-s to 56-s, (Mar.).

Gittos, N. F. and Scott, M. H. — Heat-Affected Zone Cracking of Al-Mg-Si Alloys, 95-s to 103-s, (June).

Glickstein, S. S. and Friedman, E. — Technical Note: Effect of Weld Pool Configuration on Heat-Affected Zone Shape, 110-s to 112-s, (June).

Haga, H., Aoki, K. and Sato, T. — The Mechanisms of Formation of Weld Defects in High-Frequency Electric Resistance Welding, 104-s to 109-s, (lune).

Heiple, C R. and Roper, ). R. — Effect of Selenium on CTAW Fusion Zone Geometry, 143-s to 145-s, (Aug.).

Ho, N-J, Lawrence, Jr., F. V. and Altstetter, C. J. —The Fatigue Resistance of Plasma and Oxygen Cut Steel, 231-s to 236-s, (Nov.).

Johnson, R. — The Use of TETIG Diagrams in High Temperature, 185-s to 193-s, (Oct.).

Kah, D. H. and Dickinson, D. W.-Weldabi l i ty of Ferritic Stainless Steels, 135-s to 142-s, (Aug.).

Kaufmann, J., Pense, A. W. and Stout, R. D. — An Evaluation of Factors Significant to Lamellar Tearing, 43-s to 49-s, (Mar.).

Klimpel, A. and Wegrzyn, J. — The Effect of Alloying Elements on the Sigma Phase Formation in the 18-8 Weld Metals, 146-s to 154-s, (Aug.).

Lawrence, Jr., F. V., Altstetter, C. J. and Ho, N-J —The Fatigue Resistance of Plasma and Oxygen Cut Steel, 231-s to 236-s, (Nov.).

Lowe, O , Bala, S. R. and Malik, L. — Hydrogen in Consumable Guide Electroslag Welds —Its Sources and Significance, 258-s to 268-s, (Dec).

Malik, L., Lowe, G. and Bala, S. R. —Hydrogen in Consumable Guide Electroslag Welds —Its Sources and Significance, 258-s to 268-s, Dec).

Martin, P., Paley, Z. and NG-Yelim, J. —A Weldability Testing Procedure for Premium Rail Steels with Reference to V-N Steels, 7-s to 11-s, (Jan.).

McHenry, H. I., Read, D. T. and Whipple, T. A.— Fracture Behavior of Ferrite-Free Stainless Steel Welds in Liquid Helium, 72-s to 78-s, (Apr.).

Messier, R. W., Jr. — Electron Beam Weldability of Advanced

VII

Titanium Alloys, 79-s to 84-s, (May). Minkoff, I., Ornath, F., Soudry, J. and Weiss, B. Z . - W e l d Pool

Segregation During the Welding of Low Alloy Steels with Austenitic Electrodes, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Moisio, T., Suutala, N. and Takalo, T. — Technical Note: Com­ment on the Transformation 5 —- y by a Massive Mechan­ism in Austenitic Stainless Steel, 92-s to 93-s, (May).

Nanstad, R. K., Canonico, D. A., Stelzman, W. J. and Berggren, R. G. — Use of Instrumented Charpy Tests to Determine Onset of Upper-Shelf Energy, 85-s to 91-s, (May).

Nippes, E. F., Bruck, G. J. and Savage, W. F. —Radiation-Induced Swelling in Stainless Steel Weld Metal, 25-s to 36-s, (Feb.).

Nippes, E. F., Ball, D. J. and Gestal, W. J., Jr. —Determination of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weldments by the RPI Silicone-Oil Extraction Method, 50-s to 56-s, (Mar.).

NG-Yelim, J., Paley, Z. and Martin, P.— A Weldability Testing Procedure for Premium Rail Steels with Reference to V-N Steels, 7-s to 11-s, (Jan.).

Ornath, F., Soudry, J., Weiss, B. Z. and Minkoff, I . -We ld Pool Segregation During the Welding of Low Alloy Steels with Austenitic Electrodes, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Osawa, T. — Vapor Phase Brazing of Copper Plated Carbon Steel in a Zinc Vapor, 215-s to 218-s, (Nov.).

Paley, Z., NG-Yelim, J. and Martin, P. —A Weldability Testing Procedure for Premium Rail Steels with Reference to V-N Steels, 7-s to 11-s, (Jan.).

Pense, A. W., Stout, R. D. and Kaufmann, E. J. — An Evaluation of Factors Significant to Lamellar Tearing, 43-s to 49-s, (Mar.).

Pense, A. W., Stout, R. D., Davenport, ). A. and Qian, B. N. — Ferrite Vein Cracking in Electroslag Welds, 237-s to 243-s, (Dec).

Pense, A. W., Vasudevan, R. and Stout, R. D. — Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HSLA Pipeline Steels, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Pussegoda, L. N. and Tyson, W. R.— Sensitivity of Electroslag Weld Metal to Hydrogen, 252-s to 257-s, (Dec).

Qian, B. N., Pense, A. W., Stout, R. D. and Davenport, J. A. —Ferrite Vein Cracking in Electroslag Welds, 237-s to 243-s, (Dec).

Read, D. T., Whipple, T. A. and McHenry, H. I. —Fracture Behavior of Ferrite-Free Stainless Steel Welds in Liquid Helium, 72-s to 78-s, (Apr.).

Reichenecker, W. J. —Effect of Solder Thickness and Joint Overlap on the Electrical Resistance of Soldered Copper Joints, 199-s to 201-s, (Oct.).

Rheinlander, M. D., Frost, R. H. and Edwards, G. R. — A Constitutive Equation for the Critical Energy Input during Electroslag Welding, 1-s to 6-s, (Jan.).

Roper, J. R. and Heiple, C. R. — Effect of Selenium on GTAW Fusion Zone Geometry, 143-s to 145-s, (Aug.).

Sato, T., Haga, H. and Aoki, K. — The Mechanisms of Formation of Weld Defects in High-Frequency Electric Resistance Welding, 104-s to 109-s, (June).

Savage, W. F. and Cieslak, M. J. —Ferrite Morphology in High Molybdenum Stainless Steel, 131-s to 134-s, (July).

Savage, W. F., Nippes, E. F. and Bruck, G. J.— Radiation-Induced Swelling in Stainless Steel Weld Metal, 25-s to 36-s, (Feb.).

Scott, M. H. and Gittos, N. F. — Heat-Affected Zone Cracking of Al-Mg-Si Alloys, 95-s to 103-s, (June).

Shackleton, D. N. — Fabricating Steel Safely Using the Electroslag

Process, Part l-244-s to 251-s, (Dec). Shoji, Y., Uchida, S. and Ariga, T. — Dissolution of Copper

Cylinder in Molten Tin under Dynamic Conditions, 19-s to 24-s, (Jan.).

Signes, E. G. and Baker, J. C. — Process Modifications to Improve HAZ Toughness in High Deposition Arc Welds, 57-s to 62-s, (Mar.).

Soudry, J., Weiss, B. Z., Minkoff, I. and Ornath, F . -We ld Pool Segregation During the Welding of Low Alloy Steels with Austenitic Electrodes, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Sovak, J. F. —Fracture Resistance of 4-inch Thick A36 and A588 Grade A Electroslag Weldments, 269-s to 272-s, (Dec).

Stelzman, W. J., Canonico, D. A., Berggren, R. C. and Nanstad, R. K. —Use of Instrumented Charpy Tests to Determine Onset of Upper-Shelf Energy, 85-s to 91-s, (May).

Stephens, J. R., Devletian, J. H. and Witzke, W. R.— Mechanical Properties of Weldments in Experimental Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti Alloys for Cryogenic Service, 177-s to 184-s, (Sept.).

Stout, R. D., Pense, A. W. and Vasudevan, R —Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HSLA Pipeline Steels, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Stout, R. D., Davenport, ). A., Qian, B. N. and Pense, A. W. — Ferrite Vein Cracking in Electroslag Welds, 237-s to 243-s, (Dec).

Stout, R. D., Kaufmann, E.). and Pense, A. W. — An Evaluation of Factors Significant to Lamellar Tearing, 43-s to 49-s, (Mar.).

Suutala, N., Takalo, T. and Moisio, T. — Technical Note: Com­ment on the Transformation 8 —- y by a Massive Mecha­nism in Austenitic Stainless Steel, 92-s to 93-s, (May).

Takalo, T., Moisio, T. and Suutala, N. — Technical Note: Com­ment on the Transformation 5 -»• 7 by a Massive Mecha­nism in Austenitic Stainless Steel, 92-s to 93-s, (May).

Tyson, W. R. and Pussegoda, L. N.— Sensitivity of Electroslag Weld Metal to Hydrogen, 252-s to 257-s, (Dec).

Uchida, S., Shoji, Y. and Ariga, T.— Dissolution of Copper Cylinder in Molten Tin under Dynamic Conditions, 19-s to 24-s, (Jan.).

Vasudevan, R., Stout, R. D. and Pense, A. W. — Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HSLA Pipeline Steels, 155-s to 168-s, (Sept.).

Vernia, Peter —Mechanism for Critical Magnesium Diffusion in Vacuum Brazing of Aluminum Sheet, 194-s to 198-s, (Oct.).

Walter, R. and Essers, W. G. — Heat Transfer and Penetration Mechanisms with GMA and Plasma-GMA Welding, 37-s to 42-s, (Feb.).

Wegrzyn, |. and Klimpel, A. — The Effect of Alloying Elements on the Sigma Phase Formation in the 18-8 Weld Metals, 146-s to 154-s, (Aug.).

Weiss, B. Z., Minkoff, I., Ornath, F. and Soudry, J . -We ld Pool Segregation During the Welding of Low Alloy Steels with Austenitic Electrodes, 227-s to 230-s, (Nov.).

Whipple, T. A., McHenry, H. I. and Read, D. T. — Fracture Behavior of Ferrite-Free Stainless Steel Welds in Liquid Helium, 72-s to 78-s, (Apr.).

Witzke, W. R., Stephens, J. R. and Devletian, J. H.— Mechanical Properties of Weldments in Experimental Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti Alloys for Cryogenic Service, 177-s to 184-s, (Sept.).

Wu, K. C — Correlation of Properties and Microstructure in Welded Ti-6AI-6V-2Sn, 219-s to 226-s, (Nov.).

VIII