France of the Eve of the France of the Eve of the Revolution (Rural Life)Revolution (Rural Life)

- reflection of the oral reflection of the oral tradition of peasantrytradition of peasantry

- Reflects that hunger Reflects that hunger was a constant threatwas a constant threat

- Witchcraft and Witchcraft and superstition were part of superstition were part of daily life (not so daily life (not so impacted by the Age of impacted by the Age of Reason)Reason)

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Urban LifeUrban Life

Cities were typically unhealthy with Cities were typically unhealthy with high mortality rateshigh mortality rates

Urban areas dominated by wealthy Urban areas dominated by wealthy merchantsmerchants

While very different, urban centres While very different, urban centres relied on rural areas relied on rural areas

During the 1780sDuring the 1780s Peasants had poor grain cropsPeasants had poor grain crops

Urban areas faced increasing food pricesUrban areas faced increasing food prices

In turn increased hungerIn turn increased hunger

Bankruptcy loomed (in part for supporting Bankruptcy loomed (in part for supporting the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution)the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution)

Reflects shared challenges and the basic Reflects shared challenges and the basic drive to survivedrive to survive

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

Long-term Causes Long-term Causes

a) a) Ancien RegimeAncien Regime (the structure of French (the structure of French society - Estate System)society - Estate System)

b) b) Royal GovernmentRoyal Government (weak leader in Louis (weak leader in Louis XVl, unpopular Queen Marie Antoinette)XVl, unpopular Queen Marie Antoinette)

c) c) TaxationTaxation

d) d) The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment (ideas of the Age of (ideas of the Age of Reason)Reason)

(a) Ancien Regime(a) Ancien Regime THE ESTATESTHE ESTATES

-First Estate-First Estate : The Clergy : The Clergy

-Second Estate-Second Estate: The Nobility: The Nobility

-Third Estate:-Third Estate: Everyone Else Everyone ElseQuickTime™ and a

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(b) Weak Leaders(b) Weak Leaders

Very unpopularVery unpopular

IncompetentIncompetent

Over-spendingOver-spending

See readingSee reading

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(c ) Taxation(c ) Taxation

See video clipSee video clip

See video clipSee video clip

(d) Enlightenment/Salons(d) Enlightenment/Salons- These were places where all These were places where all

people were welcome to people were welcome to discuss political issues discuss political issues openly and comfortablyopenly and comfortably

- Women played a large role Women played a large role in the salons and this way in the salons and this way were assistants to the were assistants to the revolutionrevolution

- This is where people were This is where people were able to find such people as able to find such people as Voltaire and many othersVoltaire and many others

- The first encyclopedia ever The first encyclopedia ever was made among these was made among these salonssalons

Short Term CausesShort Term Causes

Foreign Policy (7 Years War / 1756-Foreign Policy (7 Years War / 1756-63)63)

American Revolution (1776 - 83)American Revolution (1776 - 83) Financial Crisis (deficit)Financial Crisis (deficit) Poor harvestsPoor harvests Food shortagesFood shortages