France’s Empire

-French areas of colonization

-St. Lawrence River Valley, Quebec, Great Lakes, Louisiana

-Interest in trading not colonizing

-better relationship with Indians

-English colonists want to expand

-Indians resist and ally with French

WHAT IS IT?•9 yr conflict b/w England and France and their Indian allies (1754-1763). •Aka the Seven Years War (in Europe), the French and Indian War was fought in North America, Europe, and on the high seas.

England v. France

-Old rivalry

-multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries

both English and French settlers had attempted to colonize land in the Ohio River Valley, (near present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) each thought they owned the rights to the land.

-1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

-Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington to lead militia against the French

•Britain required raw materials including copper, hemp, tar, and turpentine. •They also required a great deal of money, so they forced American products be shipped exclusively to England (thanks to the _______ Acts)

•England and France had been building toward a conflict in America since 1689.

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-french-and-indian-war-causes-effects-summary.html

England v. France

-The French and Indian allies won many early battles

-Albany Plan of Union

colonies debate forming central government **See next slide

-Victory at Quebec gave the British control:

-turning point of the conflict: September 13th 1759, British defeated French forces at Quebec (siege lasted almost 2 months)

-Treaty of Paris, 1763

-France lost all lands in America: (in Canada and east of Mississippi River)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ktkw7iSITkc (longer vid)

Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union Aware of the strains that war would put on the colonies, Aware of the strains that war would put on the colonies,

English officials suggested a "union between ye Royal, English officials suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary & Charter Governments."1Proprietary & Charter Governments."1

June 1754 delegates from June 1754 delegates from most of the most of the northern colonies northern colonies and representatives fromand representatives from the Six the Six Iroquois Nations met Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. in Albany, New York.

There they There they adopted a "plan of union" drafted by adopted a "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin Franklin of PennsylvaniaBenjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania. .

Under this plan each colonial lUnder this plan each colonial legislatures would elect egislatures would elect delegates to an American delegates to an American continental continental assemblyassembly presided over by a royal governor.presided over by a royal governor.

After the plan was unveiled, England did not get angry After the plan was unveiled, England did not get angry since British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan since British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan could create a very powerful entity that His Majesty's could create a very powerful entity that His Majesty's Government might not be able to control.Government might not be able to control.

England v. France

-The French and Indian allies won many early battles

-Albany Plan of Union

colonies debate forming central government

-Victory at Quebec gave the British control

-turning point of the conflict

-Treaty of Paris, 1763

-France lost all lands in America

Problems after the War-Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt

against British forts

-conflicts were becoming costly for Britain

-Proclamation Line of 1763

stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns

Points: British settlers were forbidden to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. (those who had already settled in such lands were forced to relinquish their property/ private purchases of the land from Indians were prohibited, and all issues involving land in the western territories were to be handled by Parliament)

Extremely unpopular with the colonists and fur traders.

.

-Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

Tensions Build

-British heavily in debt b/c of war

-standing British Army in the colonies--- colonists felt violated

-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products

-smugglers try to avoid paying taxes

Tensions Build

--writs of assistance: to crackdown on smuggling England passed this

• documents which served as a general search warrant

• Allowed customs officials to enter any ship or building that they suspected for any reason might hold smuggled goods.

-Sugar Act

affected merchants and traders

protests began against taxation without representation

James Otis:“NO TAXATION w/o REPRESENTATION” …“Taxation without representation is tyranny.”

“Let the consequence

s be what they will, I

am determined to proceed.”

I am a lawyer in colonial

Massachusetts, a member of

the Massachusetts

provincial assembly, and

an early advocate

against British policy that will

lead to the American

Revolution. 

Writing ActivityWriting Activity

Letter: Write a letter to a Letter: Write a letter to a loved one back home from loved one back home from a soldier during the a soldier during the French and Indian War. French and Indian War.