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Françoise BourdonDeputy Head of the Digital
and Bibliographic Information Department
French National Library
IFRRO International seminar
Oslo, October 21st, 2009
Providing access to Content in a Changing Environment :
Gallica and the access to
copyrighted books
A brief history of Gallica
Key dates 1989 : François Mitterrand announces the building of “a completely new kind of
library”, giving a central role to Information Technologies.
1992 : The scanning of documents begins… Microforms and antiquarian books bought for that purpose
1994 : Official creation of the New French National Library.
1997 : Gallica on-line library opens, giving access to 35,000 scanned volumes (90,000 by 2007)
10,000 images (80,000 by 2007)
Digitization guidelines from 1997 to 2006 Methodic creation of a research library
An encyclopedic and multi-disciplinary choice of documents, from the Middle Ages to the 1930s
Thematic studies : Travel in France, in Africa, Academic journals…
Targetted programs such as the digitisation of daily press
Gallica today
Digitization policy today 2006 : European digital library project Europeana
2008 : Mass-digitization program of printed documents 100,000 volumes per year during 3 years : digitization pace is increased tenfold
Fac-simile + OCR
2009 : Mass-digitization of other materials : images, manuscripts, music sheets, maps…
Digitized documents today Documents from BnF collections
Printed materials 130,000 monographs (50% ocerised) 3,900 journals, (470,000 items including 40% ocerised)
And also… 111,000 images (drawings, engravings, photographs), 5,000 maps, 1,000 sound recordings, 4,100 manuscripts, 2,000 music sheets
“Harvested” documents from partner collections Library partners : 6,900 documents Partnership with publishers : 14,000 in-copyright books
Purpose :Allow online access to recently published books in the strict observance of the copyright law
Parties involved in the experiment :Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)
Syndicat national de l’Edition (SNE : French Publishers Association)
Direction du Livre et de la lecture (DLL : Book and Reading Directorate)
Centre national du Livre (CNL : National Center for the Book)
Main steps :May 2006 : letter from the minister to the president of BnF
Summer 2006 : creation of BnF/SNE workgroup
December 2006 : study request sent to an external consultant (Numilog) regarding the possible economic models
April 2007 : Numilog findings approved by BnF and SNE
October 2007 : agreement on a technical charter and a legal framework
March 2008 : official launch of the experiment on the occasion of Paris Book Fair
Access to copyrighted books :the Gallica experiment
Single search gatewaygallica.bnf.fr
Single search gatewaygallica.bnf.fr
Full text search
Copyrighted booksCopyrighted booksNon-copyrighted booksNon-copyrighted books
Free access to whole text
Free access to whole text
Paid access to whole text(partial or complete download in various formats, rent, purchase of boundcopy, etc. : depends on the e-distributor’s technical and
business model)
Paid access to whole text(partial or complete download in various formats, rent, purchase of boundcopy, etc. : depends on the e-distributor’s technical and
business model)
Free browsing through a display of pages’ sample
Free browsing through a display of pages’ sample
Free access to enhanced reference
(description, table of contents, front cover, back cover, short
abstract, etc.)
Free access to enhanced reference
(description, table of contents, front cover, back cover, short
abstract, etc.)
No exclusivenessNo commercial role played by the BnF
No exclusivenessNo commercial role played by the BnF
On Gallica’s websiteOn Gallica’s website On e-distributor’s websiteOn e-distributor’s website
Economic model selected
Protocols and technical model
e-distrib. 1OAI-NUM repository
e-distrib. 1OAI-NUM repository
e-distrib. 2OAI-NUM repository
e-distrib. 2OAI-NUM repository
partner library 1OAI-NUM repository
partner library 1OAI-NUM repository
partner library 2OAI-NUM repository
partner library 2OAI-NUM repository
BnFOAI-NUM repository
BnFOAI-NUM repository
IndexIndex
Metadata : OAI-PMH protocol (format DC and Onix)
e-distrib. 1Document
server
e-distrib. 1Document
server
e-distrib. 2Document
server
e-distrib. 2Document
server
BnFDocument
server
BnFDocument
server
Full text : FTP protocol (basic XML format)
Sea
rch
Resu
lts
Website access : HTTP protocol (HTML / Ajax)
e-distrib. 1Document
viewer
e-distrib. 1Document
viewer
e-distrib. 2Document
viewer
e-distrib. 2Document
viewer
partner library 1
Document viewer
partner library 1
Document viewer
partner library 2
Document viewer
partner library 2
Document viewer
Document viewer
Document viewer
In the near future…
Partners involved and financial support
Heritage documents(philosophy, history, literature, religion, science...) International programmes(daily press, legal documentation, secondary history and sciences such as genealogy, languages and learning of languages...)
Europe in all its aspects (political philosophy, national identities, history, economy, business, work, professional activities, science and technology, social matters...)
…12 e-distributors …more than 100 publishers
…if offers by publishers and e-distributors fit Gallica documentary policy :
French National Center for the Book (CNL) offers financial support to…
French National Center for the Book (CNL) offers financial support to…
Evaluation
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
March2008
July2008
Nov.2008
Feb.2009
Aug.2009
Sept.2009
Number of copyrighted books available on Gallica
Ratio copyrighted books / non-copyrighted books available on Gallica
Copyrighted books : 14 278
Non-copyrighted books : 133 792
Ratio copyrighted books / all types of documents available on Gallica
Copyrighted books : 14 278
All types of non-copyrighted documents : 884 728
Few books were actually bought on the e-distributors platforms
The experimentation guaranteed a good visibility for the publishers and the e-distributors
Next steps
Capitalize on the technical and organisational options
developped throught the experimentation
Address the public’s demands and expectations regarding
copyrighted books :
Offer books that better fit Gallica documentary policy
Improve ergonomy (transition between Gallica’s and e-
distributors’ platforms)
Offer book rental (paper or digital) via a collaboration with
booksellers and regional or university libraries
Offer free access to whole text in BnF reading rooms
Contribute to ARROW