Franklin Delano Franklin Delano RooseveltRoosevelt

The New DealThe New Deal

1933-19381933-1938

Franklin Delano Franklin Delano RooseveltRoosevelt

President President 1933 -1933 -19451945

From Unemployment to From Unemployment to WorkWork

•Family Life 1882-1945

•1911-1913 NY State Senator

•1913-1920 Assist. Sec. of the Navy

•1921 – Struck by Polio

•1928-1932 – Gov. of New York

FDR – Doing it FDR – Doing it DifferentlyDifferently

Use of the Media

First 100 Days

FDR set FDR set the the standard, standard, today today each each president president is judged is judged on iton it

Women in Women in GovernmentGovernment

Eleanor Eleanor RooseveltRoosevelt

Frances PerkinsFrances Perkins

Brain TrustBrain Trust

A group of unofficial advisors to the president in matters of economics and social reformmost were university professors (experts in their fields)

““Try Anything”Try Anything”

If it works, great!If it works, great!

If not, try something elseIf not, try something else

(Hoover didn’t do much)(Hoover didn’t do much)

Keynesian Economic Keynesian Economic TheoryTheory

John John KeynesKeynes

Two Part PhilosophyTwo Part Philosophy

1.1. in bad times – in bad times – spend $ to help spend $ to help economyeconomy

2.2. in good times – in good times – raise taxes to raise taxes to replace $replace $

The New Deal The New Deal ProgramsPrograms

New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs 11stst 100 Days = March 100 Days = March

to June 1933to June 1933 The time period FDR The time period FDR

requested from the requested from the people to let him people to let him make a differencemake a difference

15 pieces of 15 pieces of legislation passed legislation passed during this timeduring this time

Significantly Significantly expanded role of expanded role of gov’t in nation’s gov’t in nation’s economyeconomy

Relief: 1 of FDR’s 3 major Relief: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted relief given goals – he wanted relief given to persons in need by to persons in need by providing them w/ money, providing them w/ money, loans, & jobsloans, & jobs

Recovery: 1 of FDR’s 3 major Recovery: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted to provide goals – he wanted to provide recovery for recovery for business/agriculture by business/agriculture by passing laws to get them on passing laws to get them on their feettheir feet

Reform: 1 of FDR’s 3 major Reform: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted to establish goals – he wanted to establish reform by passing laws to reform by passing laws to prevent another depression prevent another depression from ever happening again.from ever happening again.

reliefrelief recoveryrecoveryreformreform•CCC

•FERA

•CWA

•NYA

•WPA

• Emer. Banking Act

•AAA ( I and II)

•NIRA

•FCA

•HOLC

•PWA

•FHA

•FLSA

•Wagner Act

•Emergency Banking Act

•Glass – Steagal Act

•FDIC

•SEC

•SSA

New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs Why is it reliefWhy is it relief?? Because it puts people directly on gov’t Because it puts people directly on gov’t

payrollpayroll Why is it recovery?Why is it recovery? Because it focuses on business & agriculture Because it focuses on business & agriculture

by passing laws to help those areas get on by passing laws to help those areas get on their feettheir feet

Why is it reform?Why is it reform? Because it aims at preventing another Because it aims at preventing another

depression from happening by passing laws depression from happening by passing laws to help with regulation, unemployment, & to help with regulation, unemployment, & other social reformsother social reforms

Tennessee Valley Tennessee Valley AuthorityAuthority

TVATVA

Series of Dams on the Tenn. Series of Dams on the Tenn. River SystemRiver System

Provided JobsProvided Jobs Provided ElectricityProvided Electricity Increase the standard of living Increase the standard of living

for 3 million people in 7 statesfor 3 million people in 7 states

The Critics of FDRThe Critics of FDR•Townsend

•Long

•Coughlin

Court PackingCourt Packing By mid 1930s – Opposition to New Deal By mid 1930s – Opposition to New Deal

received boost from 2 Supreme court decisions; received boost from 2 Supreme court decisions; NIRA = unconstitutional, AAA should be NIRA = unconstitutional, AAA should be regulated by states not federal gov’tregulated by states not federal gov’t

Feb. 1937 – FDR proposed court reform bill to Feb. 1937 – FDR proposed court reform bill to allow him to appoint 6 new supreme court allow him to appoint 6 new supreme court justices; nicknamed “court packing bill”justices; nicknamed “court packing bill”

FDR got his way w/out bill when elderly justice FDR got his way w/out bill when elderly justice retired & FDR nominated liberal Hugo Blackretired & FDR nominated liberal Hugo Black

Over next few years FDR able to appoint 7 new Over next few years FDR able to appoint 7 new justices due to resignationsjustices due to resignations

Legacy of the New Legacy of the New DealDeal

Legacy of the New DealLegacy of the New DealPrograms Still Around Programs Still Around

TodayToday FDIC – Federal Deposit FDIC – Federal Deposit

Ins. Corp.Ins. Corp. SEC – Securities SEC – Securities

Exchange Commission Exchange Commission (regulate banking & (regulate banking & stock market)stock market)

Social SecuritySocial Security National Labor National Labor

Relations BoardRelations Board

Economic ChangesEconomic Changes Expanded power of gov’t Expanded power of gov’t

in shaping the economyin shaping the economy Created federal jobsCreated federal jobs Regulated supply & Regulated supply &

demanddemand Increased gov’t Increased gov’t

participation in labor participation in labor disputesdisputes

Established agencies to Established agencies to regulate banking & regulate banking & investmentinvestment

•Changes to the Office of Changes to the Office of PresidentPresident: president needs : president needs to be responsive to people to be responsive to people who elect them & actively who elect them & actively try to improve things try to improve things

•Changes to the role of Changes to the role of governmentgovernment: gov’t should : gov’t should play active role in economy play active role in economy & be responsive to needs of & be responsive to needs of peoplepeople

•Changes to the face of Changes to the face of government government – gov’t – gov’t becomes referee between becomes referee between capitalism & socialism by capitalism & socialism by regulating business & regulating business & looking out for peoplelooking out for people