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FRBR and Metadata Application Profiles
Peter Cliff, Research Officer, UKOLN, University of Bath, UK
Version Identification Workshop, London, UK, April 2008.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons LicenseAttribution-ShareAlike 2.0
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Thanks to…
• Ann Chapman, UKOLN
• Julie Allinson, University of York
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Overview
• Metadata
• Application Profiles
• DC Application Profiles
• A Domain Model: FRBR
• JISC Application Profiles
• Application Profiles in Practice
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Metadata & Metadata Schema
• Structured data that makes like easier
• Elements & attributes– Title: “FRBR & Metadata Application
Profiles”
• Elements grouped to form schema– Name and describe the elements
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Problems with Schemas
• Built by “standards makers”
• Large & complex
• Inflexible
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Application Profiles
• “Custom metadata schema built using existing schema”
• Allow implementers to “mix & match” schema to meet local needs
• Improved interoperability through links to the source schemas
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Before Application ProfilesStandards bodies &
metadata schema
Repositories &
metadata definitions User
Services
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Before Application ProfilesStandards bodies &
metadata schema
Repositories &
metadata definitions User
Legal:title
DC:titletitle
title
Services
title
?
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Enter Application ProfilesStandards bodies &
metadata schema
Repositories &
metadata definitions
Services
User
Legal:title
DC:titleDC:title
Legal:title Legal:titleDC:title
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When is a metadata schema not a metadata schema?Application Profiles:
• May draw on one or more schema
• May NOT introduce new elements
• May specify permitted schemas and values
• Can refine standard definitions
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• Artificial implied interoperability
• Element agreement only – attribute values do not have to match
Application Profiles: Issues
elementsMetadata
schemaNo matching elements!
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Dublin Core Application Profiles
• Singapore Framework– DCMI development by Mikael Nilsson,
Thomas Baker and Pete Johnston– Attempt to standardise the design and
documentation of application profiles for “maximum interoperability” “maximum reusability”
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DCAP Components
• Functional Requirements
• Domain Model
• Description Set Profile
• Usage Guidelines
• Encoding Syntax Guidelines
mandatory
mandatory
mandatory
optional
optional
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DCAP in Colour
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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)• IFLA study published in 1997/8, revised
February 2008.• User centric• Identifies four user tasks:
– Find– Identify– Select– Obtain
• “Allows room to dream of the ideal information retrieval system”
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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)“Seymour Lubetzky once said that ‘the
catalogue has to tell you more than what you asked for.’ … If a user starts a search with one idea in mind and is presented with additional options, the user may prefer an alternative resource that he or she did not know existed and, therefore, would not have asked for directly.”
Pat Riva, Introducing the FRBR and Related IFLA developments
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FRBR Domain Model
• 10 entities, 3 groups– Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item– Person, Corporate Body– Concept, Object, Event, Place
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FRBR: The Diagram
Item
Manifestation
Expression
Work
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
FRBR Group OneEntities & Primary Relationships
Source: Fig. 3.1 FRBR report
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w1: JS Bach’s Six Suites for Unaccompanied Cello
FRBR: Example
e1: Performances by Janos Starker, 1963-1965
e2: Performances byYo-Yo Ma, 1983
m1: LPs released in 1966 by Mercury
i1: Copy for sale at acousticsounds
i2: Copy for sale on eBay
m2: CD re-release in 1991 by Mercury
i1: Copy for sale at amazon.co.uk
i2: Copy in Bath Public Library
i3: Copy in University of Bath Library
m1: LPs released in 1983 by CBS
- no items available -
m2: CD re-released in 1992 by CBS
i1: Copy for sale at amazon.co.uk
i2: Copy in Bath Public Library
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w1: Minds, Madness and Application Profiles: A Study
FRBR: Example IIe2: Journal Article e3: Conference Paper
m1: Publisher PDF
i1: From journal Web site
i1: On shelf in Library
e1: Draft Journal Article
i2: In author’s repository
m2: Printed copy
m1: Author PDF
i2: From author’s laptop
i1: From author’s laptop
i2: In author’s repository
m2: Author Word Document
m1: PDF version of talk
i1: In Conference repository
m2: Printed copy
i1: In proceedings documentin conference pack
Lots of different versions and relationships. FRBR provides a framework to describe these.
etc.
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JISC Application Profiles
• For eprints: SWAP– January 2007
• For images:– draft 10th April 2008
• For geospacial:– In development, draft available
• For time-based media:• For learning objects:
– UK-LOM Core + new AP in development
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The SWAP Domain Model
ScholarlyWork
Expression0..∞
isExpressedAs
ManifestationisManifestedAs
0..∞
CopyisAvailableAs
0..∞
isPublishedBy
0..∞
0..∞isEditedBy
0..∞isCreatedBy0..∞
isFundedBy
isSupervisedBy
AffiliatedInstitution
Agent
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SWAP AttributesScholarlyWork
• title• subject• abstract• grant number• has adaptation• identifier
Expression
Manifestation
• title• description• date available• status• version number/string• language• genre/type• copyright holder• has version• has translation• bibliographic citation• references• identifier (URI)
• format• date modified• identifier (URI)
Copy
• date available• licence• is part of
Agent
• name• family name• given name• type of agent• workplace homepage• mailbox• homepage• identifier (URI)
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Application Profiles in Practice
• Complex metadata – who makes it?
• Still not local enough?
• JISC Investment & Promotion
• OSS vendors starting to implementhttp://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Community_Acceptance_Plan & after this
session!
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Application Profiles in Practice
• Use application profiles to inform your metadata decisions
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SWAP AttributesScholarlyWork
• title• subject• abstract• grant number• has adaptation• identifier
Expression
Manifestation
• title• description• date available• status• version number/string• language• genre/type• copyright holder• has version• has translation• bibliographic citation• references• identifier (URI)
• format• date modified• identifier (URI)
Copy
• date available• licence• is part of
Agent
• name• family name• given name• type of agent• workplace homepage• mailbox• homepage• identifier (URI)
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Application Profiles in Practice
• Use application profiles to inform your metadata decisions
• Contribute to draft application profiles
• Contribute to OSS developments & pester vendors
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Links
• Resources for this presentation can be found at:
http://del.icio.us/tag/vifws2008-frbr
• Slides available from: http://homes.ukoln.ac.uk/~lispdc/presentations/
(from 23rd April 2008 )
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Questions?