Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department The LHC Computing Grid – September 2007 Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN, IT Department

The LHC Computing Grid

Frédéric Hemmer

Deputy Head, IT Department

25 October 2007

Visit of Dr Ronald Plasterk,

Netherlands Minister of Education,

Culture and Science

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

The LHC Data Challenge

• The accelerator will be completed in 2008 and run for 10-15 years

• Experiments will produce about15 Million Gigabytes of data each year (about 20 million CDs!)

• LHC data analysis requires a computing power equivalent to ~100,000 of today's fastest PC processors

• Requires many cooperating computer centres, as CERN can only provide ~20% of the capacity

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007

CERN18%

All Tier-1s39%

All Tier-2s43%

CERN12%

All Tier-1s55%

All Tier-2s33%

CERN34%

All Tier-1s66%

CPU Disk Tape

Summary of Computing Resource RequirementsAll experiments - 2008From LCG TDR - June 2005

CERN All Tier-1s All Tier-2s TotalCPU (MSPECint2000s) 25 56 61 142Disk (PetaBytes) 7 31 19 57Tape (PetaBytes) 18 35 53

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

Solution: the Grid

• Use the Grid to unite computing resources of particle physics institutes around the world

The World Wide Web provides seamless access to information that is stored in many millions of different geographical locations

The Grid is an infrastructure that provides seamless access to computing power and data storage capacity distributed over the globe

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

How does the Grid work?

• It makes multiple computer centres look like a single system to the end-user

• Advanced software, called middleware, automatically finds the data the scientist needs, and the computing power to analyse it.

• Middleware balances the load on different resources.It also handles security, accounting, monitoring and much more.

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN, IT Department

View of the ATLAS detector (under construction)

150 million sensors deliver data …

… 40 million times per second

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN, IT Department

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN, IT Department

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN, IT Department

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007

LHC Computing Grid project (LCG)

• More than 140 computing centres

• 12 large centres for primary data management: CERN (Tier-0) and eleven Tier-1s

• 38 federations of smaller Tier-2 centres

• 20 countries involved

SARA-NIKHEF

Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007

LCG Service HierarchyTier-0 – the accelerator centre• Data acquisition & initial processing• Long-term data curation• Distribution of data Tier-1 centres

Canada – Triumf (Vancouver)France – IN2P3 (Lyon)Germany – Forschunszentrum KarlsruheItaly – CNAF (Bologna)Netherlands – NIKHEF/SARA (Amsterdam)Nordic countries – distributed Tier-1

Spain – PIC (Barcelona)Taiwan – Academia SInica (Taipei)UK – CLRC (Oxford)US – FermiLab (Illinois) – Brookhaven (NY)

Tier-1 – “online” to the data acquisition process high availability

• Managed Mass Storage – grid-enabled data service

• Data-heavy analysis• National, regional support

Tier-2 – ~120 centres in ~29 countries• Simulation• End-user analysis – batch and interactive

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

WLCG Collaboration• The Collaboration

• 4 LHC experiments

• ~140 computing centres

• 12 large centres (Tier-0, Tier-1)

• 38 federations of smaller “Tier-2” centres

• ~35 countries

• Memorandum of Understanding• Agreed in October 2005, now being signed

• Resources• Focuses on the needs of the four LHC experiments

• Commits resources• each October for the coming year

• 5-year forward look

• Agrees on standards and procedures

• Relies on EGEE and OSG (and other regional efforts)

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

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Ramp-up to First Physics Run

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Evolution of installed capacity from April 06 to June 07Target capacity from MoU pledges for 2007 (due July07) and 2008 (due April 08)

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

Impact of the LHC Computing Grid in Europe

• LCG has been the driving force for the European multi-science Grid EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-sciencE)

• EGEE is now a global effort, and the largest Grid infrastructure worldwide

• Co-funded by the European Commission (Cost: ~130 M€ over 4 years, funded by EU ~70M€)

• EGEE already used for >20 applications, including…

Medical ImagingEducation, TrainingBio-informatics

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The EGEE project

• EGEE– Started in April 2004, now in 2nd phase with 91 partners in 32

countries– 3rd phrase (2008-2010) in preparation

• Objectives– Large-scale, production-quality

grid infrastructure for e-Science – Attracting new resources and

users from industry as well asscience

– Maintain and further improve“gLite” Grid middleware

Partners in the Netherlands: FOM/NIKHEF, SARA, UvA, Groningen

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Applications on EGEE

• More than 25 applications from anincreasing number of domains– Astrophysics– Computational Chemistry– Earth Sciences– Financial Simulation– Fusion– Geophysics– High Energy Physics– Life Sciences– Multimedia– Material Sciences– …..

Summary of applications report: https://edms.cern.ch/document/722132

Increasing workloads

32%

Still expect factor 5 increase for LHC experiments over next yearStill expect factor 5 increase for LHC experiments over next year

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Example: EGEE Attacks Avian Flu

• EGEE used to analyse 300,000 possible potential drug compounds against bird flu virus, H5N1.

• 2000 computers at 60 computer centres in Europe, Russia, Asia and Middle East ran during four weeks in April - the equivalent of 100 years on a single computer.

• Potential drug compounds now being identified and ranked.

Neuraminidase, one of the two major surface proteins of influenza viruses, facilitating the release of virions from infected cells. Image Courtesy Ying-Ta Wu, AcademiaSinica.

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Example:Geocluster industrial application

• The first industrial application successfully running on EGEE

• Developed by the Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG) in France, doing geophysical simulations for oil, gas, mining and environmental industries.

• EGEE technology helps CGG to federate its computing resources around the globe.

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

Sustainability• Need to prepare for permanent Grid infrastructure• Ensure a high quality of service for all user communities• Independent of short project funding cycles• Infrastructure managed in collaboration

with National Grid Initiatives (NGIs)• European Grid Initiative (EGI)

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007 Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

For more information about the Grid:

www.gridcafe.org

Thank you for your kind attention!

www.cern.ch/lcg

www.eu-egee.org

www.eu-egi.org/

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The LHC Computing Grid – October 2007

High level services and middleware perspectivesScientific results using gridApplication porting and deployment Demos