French and Indian War- The French and Indian War- The Aftermath-Causes the American Aftermath-Causes the American Revolution {Act. A-F} Revolution {Act. A-F} British Win the War But Lose the Peace! How so? British Win the War But Lose the Peace! How so? 1.In some ways…the parents have come home and mean to 1.In some ways…the parents have come home and mean to instill order and discipline to their wayward instill order and discipline to their wayward children! children! How were the colonists behaving as wayward children? How were the colonists behaving as wayward children? A. The colonists have grown accustomed to many A. The colonists have grown accustomed to many freedoms that were perhaps available no place freedoms that were perhaps available no place else in the else in the British Empire. British Empire. B. “spoiled children are not easily brought under B. “spoiled children are not easily brought under control” control” So…how would you try to rein in an So…how would you try to rein in an unruly child? unruly child?
Transcript
French and Indian War- The Aftermath-French and Indian War- The Aftermath-Causes the American Revolution {Act. Causes the American Revolution {Act.
A-F}A-F}British Win the War But Lose the Peace! How so?British Win the War But Lose the Peace! How so?
1.In some ways…the parents have come home and mean to instill 1.In some ways…the parents have come home and mean to instill order and discipline to their wayward children!order and discipline to their wayward children!
How were the colonists behaving as wayward children?How were the colonists behaving as wayward children? A. The colonists have grown accustomed to manyA. The colonists have grown accustomed to many freedoms that were perhaps available no place else in thefreedoms that were perhaps available no place else in the British Empire.British Empire. B. “spoiled children are not easily brought under control”B. “spoiled children are not easily brought under control”
So…how would you try to rein in an unruly child? So…how would you try to rein in an unruly child?
Treaty of Paris 1763-Britain gains Ohio and Treaty of Paris 1763-Britain gains Ohio and the remnants of the French Empire in the remnants of the French Empire in
AmericaAmerica Jeffery Amherst is put in charge of OhioJeffery Amherst is put in charge of Ohio Takes 4 actions!Takes 4 actions!1. Britain acts harshly towards 1. Britain acts harshly towards Nat. Amer.Nat. Amer.2. Settlers built forts and cleared 2. Settlers built forts and cleared lands of Nat. Americanslands of Nat. Americans3. In building farms-drove away3. In building farms-drove away game animals!game animals!4. Raised price of trade goods to 4. Raised price of trade goods to Native Americans- makes tradeNative Americans- makes trade more difficult and perhaps seem more difficult and perhaps seem unfair.unfair.
Native Americans Respond!Native Americans Respond!“The British are dogs in red”“The British are dogs in red”
An Ottawa Chief Galvanizes Resistance!An Ottawa Chief Galvanizes Resistance!
1. Leads raids against Brit. 1. Leads raids against Brit. settlements and forts {Fort settlements and forts {Fort
Detroit}Detroit}2. Drives settlers out of homes!2. Drives settlers out of homes!
* What should the British do?* What should the British do?
As responsible parents whatAs responsible parents what would you do?would you do?
Children…”No playing in Ohio”Children…”No playing in Ohio”
Chief Pontiac wages war and tries to get the tribes of Ohio to fight as 1Chief Pontiac wages war and tries to get the tribes of Ohio to fight as 1
Britain acts with caution? Britain acts with caution? Fairness?Fairness? Proclamation of 1763 – Had 2 Goals…Proclamation of 1763 – Had 2 Goals…
1. Protect the Indians and settlers west of the Appalachians1. Protect the Indians and settlers west of the Appalachians 2. Ease tensions-avoid another costly war! Why?2. Ease tensions-avoid another costly war! Why? British Treasury was dangerously British Treasury was dangerously low of revenue/funds.low of revenue/funds. Brit. takes 4 hated measures…Brit. takes 4 hated measures… A line was drawn west of AppalachiansA line was drawn west of Appalachians All settlers west told to return eastAll settlers west told to return east No more settlers could go westNo more settlers could go west Merchants told if they insisted on Merchants told if they insisted on trade in Ohio that they did so at trade in Ohio that they did so at their own risk of pain and death!their own risk of pain and death!
Is this a “fair” response of aIs this a “fair” response of aconcerned parent? Why or not?concerned parent? Why or not?
Why were merchants on their own? Why were merchants on their own? Answer… $$$$$$$$Answer… $$$$$$$$
Colonists Respond with Colonists Respond with Tempers! Tempers!
Why were the colonists so mad? Analyze the Proclamation of 1763…Why were the colonists so mad? Analyze the Proclamation of 1763…
The Proclamation serves to do what?The Proclamation serves to do what?1.1. Without protections it limits colonial trade with Nat. AmericansWithout protections it limits colonial trade with Nat. Americans2.2. Those dreaming of going west-can no longer do so!Those dreaming of going west-can no longer do so!3.3. Some colonies, {Pa. Va.} lost claims west-arouses anger!Some colonies, {Pa. Va.} lost claims west-arouses anger!4.4. 10,000 British soldiers stationed in coastal cities to enforce the 10,000 British soldiers stationed in coastal cities to enforce the
ProclamationProclamation
• Are colonists rightfully suspicious by some of these provisions?Are colonists rightfully suspicious by some of these provisions?
*** Look closely at point 4. Why might this appear suspicious to a *** Look closely at point 4. Why might this appear suspicious to a colonist accustomed to freedoms?colonist accustomed to freedoms?
• Colonists in the end-largely ignore the Proclamation of 1763Colonists in the end-largely ignore the Proclamation of 1763• Ex. One of our heroes explored Kentucky… Who was he?Ex. One of our heroes explored Kentucky… Who was he?
Daniel Boone! Hero or Daniel Boone! Hero or Lawbreaker? Explorer/Settler or Lawbreaker? Explorer/Settler or
Trespasser?Trespasser?1.1. 1769 Boone and a few 1769 Boone and a few woodsmen friends cross woodsmen friends cross
Appalachians through Appalachians through Cumberland Gap Cumberland Gap
finds a “Hunter Paradise”finds a “Hunter Paradise”
loaded with game and with loaded with game and with lush meadows for farming. lush meadows for farming.
2. 1775 returns with 30 others 2. 1775 returns with 30 others to Kentucky-est. “Wilderness to Kentucky-est. “Wilderness Road” that others will later Road” that others will later follow west follow west
3. Founded Boonesborough, Kentucky3. Founded Boonesborough, Kentucky
A new Prime Minister has 2 Goals!A new Prime Minister has 2 Goals!“Okay spoiled colonists-mom and dad are “Okay spoiled colonists-mom and dad are
home!”home!”
1. Grenville Program1. Grenville Programa. make colonists pay fair a. make colonists pay fair
shareshare
of French Indian War debtof French Indian War debt
b. Tighten restrictions on b. Tighten restrictions on
1. Treaty 1763 required French to 1. Treaty 1763 required French to
abandon North American abandon North American
settlementssettlements
As A Result…As A Result…The French tell Pontiac that they could no The French tell Pontiac that they could no
longer support his efforts againstlonger support his efforts against
the British “Red Dogs”.the British “Red Dogs”.
1 by 1 Indian tribes in the Ohio 1 by 1 Indian tribes in the Ohio
Region realize that without French Region realize that without French
support…they could not defeat the support…they could not defeat the
British and they abandon the rebellion!British and they abandon the rebellion! “ “ You just can’t trust anyone now-You just can’t trust anyone now-
a-days”a-days”
Review…Activity AReview…Activity A Who was Jeffery Amherst?Who was Jeffery Amherst? How did British anger the Nat. Americans?How did British anger the Nat. Americans? Who galvanizes the N.A. against British?Who galvanizes the N.A. against British? Who becomes Prime Minister-2 Goals?Who becomes Prime Minister-2 Goals?
Which person gains fame forWhich person gains fame for ignoring the Proc. 1763ignoring the Proc. 1763 Why were American Colonists angry over the Proc. 1763Why were American Colonists angry over the Proc. 1763 Why does the native rebellion eventually lose steam?Why does the native rebellion eventually lose steam?
If your opinion, was Britain correct in its actions? Explain If your opinion, was Britain correct in its actions? Explain your answer?your answer?
Think-what might they try that could work better?Think-what might they try that could work better? Should they even have to try…after who is the parent and Should they even have to try…after who is the parent and
child?child?
Grenville’s Program is put in place! {Act. B}Grenville’s Program is put in place! {Act. B}
1764 Sugar Act is passed-it changes a high tax on sugar 1764 Sugar Act is passed-it changes a high tax on sugar and adds new tax on molasses…How did colonists respond?and adds new tax on molasses…How did colonists respond?
As a “spoiled” child might!As a “spoiled” child might!
Resist paying the taxResist paying the tax Smuggled in goods wherever possibleSmuggled in goods wherever possible Bribed tax collectors…perhaps even threaten collectorsBribed tax collectors…perhaps even threaten collectors
Their actions force Britain into taking even harsher Their actions force Britain into taking even harsher measures! Can any nation permit its people to not pay measures! Can any nation permit its people to not pay taxes? Why or why not?taxes? Why or why not?
If yes…what could be the devastating repercussions?If yes…what could be the devastating repercussions?
Britain issues the Stamp Tax…Enraging Britain issues the Stamp Tax…Enraging Colonists!Colonists!
What items were actually taxed by this new duty? What items were actually taxed by this new duty? Documents requiring a legal stamp? Ex. Various legal Documents requiring a legal stamp? Ex. Various legal
documents…documents…Such as: Such as: WillsWillsDiplomasDiplomasAlmanacsAlmanacsNewspapersNewspapersDiceDicePlaying CardsPlaying CardsMarriage Licenses Marriage Licenses
Analyze the list of items…why would Americans be so enraged?Analyze the list of items…why would Americans be so enraged?
How do American Colonists respond to the Stamp Act?How do American Colonists respond to the Stamp Act?
American Colonists Respond to American Colonists Respond to Stamp Act…Stamp Act…
Acts of anger/violence!Acts of anger/violence! Attack Tax CollectorsAttack Tax Collectors Tar and Feather someTar and Feather some Intimidate/threaten othersIntimidate/threaten others Refuse to pay the taxesRefuse to pay the taxes Riots break out in citiesRiots break out in cities Brit. official’s homes are set Brit. official’s homes are set
ablazeablaze
Colonists view this as an example ofColonists view this as an example of
““____________ without ____________”____________ without ____________”
Form the Stamp Act CongressForm the Stamp Act Congress
Purpose of the Stamp Act Purpose of the Stamp Act Congress?Congress?
1.1. As a forum for representatives in colonies to discuss As a forum for representatives in colonies to discuss ongoing issues/problemsongoing issues/problems
2.2. To create a petition and give it to King George III asserting To create a petition and give it to King George III asserting the idea that Parliament had no power to tax the coloniesthe idea that Parliament had no power to tax the colonies
Parliament’s response… Ignore the petition! Parliament’s response… Ignore the petition! How will colonists now respond?How will colonists now respond?
Stamp Act Congress calls on colonists to Stamp Act Congress calls on colonists to ““Boycott” British made goods! Boycott” British made goods!
Results!Results!British trade decreases by 14%British trade decreases by 14%
Success! Parliament repeals theSuccess! Parliament repeals theStamp Act in 1766Stamp Act in 1766
But the Colonists Are Not Done!But the Colonists Are Not Done!Patrick Henry…Becomes a great Patrick Henry…Becomes a great
leader/rebel!leader/rebel! He was a leading member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses heHe was a leading member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses heissues the issues the Declaration of Rights and Grievances…Declaration of Rights and Grievances…It statesIt states1.Only Colonial governments have the 1.Only Colonial governments have the right to pass laws on the colonistsright to pass laws on the colonists2. Parl. Had no right to extend2. Parl. Had no right to extend Admiralty Courts to the coloniesAdmiralty Courts to the colonies3. As Brit. Subjects-colonists are entitled to3. As Brit. Subjects-colonists are entitled to trial by jury.trial by jury.4. Only Colonial legislatures had the 4. Only Colonial legislatures had the right to tax the colonistsright to tax the colonists5. Called for a repeal of Sugar Acts5. Called for a repeal of Sugar ActsPatrick Henry makes an even bolder statement!Patrick Henry makes an even bolder statement!
He refers to the actions of King George III as… He refers to the actions of King George III as…
Tyrannical – the king is a Tyrant!Tyrannical – the king is a Tyrant!
Dangerous words indeed, why?Dangerous words indeed, why?
Educated people of the day knew the Educated people of the day knew the Teachings/philosophies of John LockeTeachings/philosophies of John Locke
George III a Tyrant?George III a Tyrant?
John Locke George IIIJohn Locke George III English Phil. Late 1600s Eng. Monarch mid-late English Phil. Late 1600s Eng. Monarch mid-late
1700s1700s
Why was it dangerous to refer to the monarch as a Why was it dangerous to refer to the monarch as a “Tyrant” or “Tyrannical”“Tyrant” or “Tyrannical”
According to John Locke… According to John Locke… Monarchs get authority to rule from the people Monarchs get authority to rule from the people Rulers who act without the consent of the governed are by Rulers who act without the consent of the governed are by
definition acting as tyrantsdefinition acting as tyrants People have the right to remove tyrants from power and replace People have the right to remove tyrants from power and replace
them with a government that will better meet with their consentthem with a government that will better meet with their consent Since people grant consent to be governed, it is the place of Since people grant consent to be governed, it is the place of
monarchs and governments to work on the behalf of the people and monarchs and governments to work on the behalf of the people and with their consentwith their consent
In short…the governed people of any nation In short…the governed people of any nation have the right to remove “Tyrants’ from have the right to remove “Tyrants’ from power and replace them with another power and replace them with another monarch/governmentmonarch/government
Locke’s 3 Natural Rights of Locke’s 3 Natural Rights of PeoplePeople
All People had certain Rights that no person All People had certain Rights that no person or government had to right to remove… or government had to right to remove…
Life!Life!Property!Property!Liberty! Liberty!
Which did he believe was most important?Which did he believe was most important?Why?Why?
{Act C} Tensions with Colonies Increase!{Act C} Tensions with Colonies Increase!Britain Seeks to Gain RevenueBritain Seeks to Gain Revenue
1766 parliament issues Declaratory Act:1766 parliament issues Declaratory Act: It declares Parliament in fact has the right to pass taxes and It declares Parliament in fact has the right to pass taxes and
to make laws on behalf of the 13 American Coloniesto make laws on behalf of the 13 American Colonies and all British subjects. and all British subjects.
Charles Townshend insists Britain tax the colonists!Charles Townshend insists Britain tax the colonists! Grenville calls is folly “We Dare Not” Grenville calls is folly “We Dare Not” but Townshend insists and dares to do it!! but Townshend insists and dares to do it!!
1767 Townshend Act is passed by 1767 Townshend Act is passed by Parliament!Parliament!
A. creates taxes on items such as:A. creates taxes on items such as: glass, paper, paint, lead, tea {low taxes}glass, paper, paint, lead, tea {low taxes}
Britain attempts to drive home its Britain attempts to drive home its authority!authority!
Although colonists state Parl. Has no right to tax… Although colonists state Parl. Has no right to tax…
Britain persists! Britain persists! 1.1. Assigns new more dedicated customs officials to Assigns new more dedicated customs officials to
enforce import duties on merchantsenforce import duties on merchants2.2. Customs Officials are given “Writs of Assistance” Customs Officials are given “Writs of Assistance”
that empowers them to search anywhere for any that empowers them to search anywhere for any reasonreason
3.3. Customs agents are now empowered to search Customs agents are now empowered to search and seize any items believed to be of suspicious and seize any items believed to be of suspicious origins…origins…
Americans respond with outrage! They believed such Americans respond with outrage! They believed such actions were forbidden under British Common Law.actions were forbidden under British Common Law.
Colonists Grow More United! Call on others Colonists Grow More United! Call on others to unite in anger against the British tyranny!to unite in anger against the British tyranny!
1.1. Merchants and planters sign non-importation agreementsMerchants and planters sign non-importation agreements
2.2. Sons of Liberty are created and get down to business as Sons of Liberty are created and get down to business as agents of agents of
trouble for the British government.trouble for the British government.
3. A key leader is Sam Adams – an unlikely leader/hero?3. A key leader is Sam Adams – an unlikely leader/hero?
What actions are taken by the What actions are taken by the Sons of Liberty… motto was Sons of Liberty… motto was
“Join or Die”“Join or Die”1. Have mock hangings of government officials {hang people 1. Have mock hangings of government officials {hang people
in effigy} in effigy}
2. Threaten/warn/intimidate British officials of possible 2. Threaten/warn/intimidate British officials of possible violenceviolence
3. Organize and attempt to join colonies in acts against British 3. Organize and attempt to join colonies in acts against British rule.rule.
Even Worse as things grow more tense!Even Worse as things grow more tense!
4. Hang British Customs Agents4. Hang British Customs Agents
Note engraving of Note engraving of
Customs Agent John Huske prior toCustoms Agent John Huske prior to
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
Daughters of Liberty Daughters of Liberty
Organize efforts against British Tyranny!Organize efforts against British Tyranny!
Actions taken include:Actions taken include:1.1. Parade in public against British policiesParade in public against British policies2.2. Signed petitions against unfair British policiesSigned petitions against unfair British policies3.3. Organized women to boycott British made goods {ex. Fine cloth} Organized women to boycott British made goods {ex. Fine cloth} 4.4. Encouraged women/farmers to raise own sheep, prepare own wool, spin Encouraged women/farmers to raise own sheep, prepare own wool, spin
own wool, create own fabrics, make own clothing and to wear only own wool, create own fabrics, make own clothing and to wear only goods made in homes of Americans goods made in homes of Americans
Colonists/women resistant to these were pressured to follow Colonists/women resistant to these were pressured to follow suit and work for the common good!suit and work for the common good!
Hence the traditional term…“Home Spun”Hence the traditional term…“Home Spun”
The efforts of the Daughters of Liberty do make an The efforts of the Daughters of Liberty do make an impact on British merchant profits!impact on British merchant profits!
Writs of Assistance… Not Writs of Assistance… Not Today!Today!
What do we call a Writ of Assistance What do we call a Writ of Assistance today?today?
How are they greatly different?How are they greatly different?
Violence In the Streets of Violence In the Streets of Boston!Boston!
Liberty Trees become centers of Liberty Trees become centers of town attention. Why? Analyze it’s town attention. Why? Analyze it’s attraction?attraction?
Consider Consider seasons of the year?seasons of the year?
Consider Consider natural sense of awe?natural sense of awe?
1765 Quartering Act1765 Quartering Act
What does it do? What is it’s What does it do? What is it’s purpose?purpose?
How do American colonists respond?How do American colonists respond?
The Boston Massacre - 1770The Boston Massacre - 1770 When we think of a massacre…When we think of a massacre…What do we think? What do we envision?What do we think? What do we envision?
When we think of the Boston Massacre in 1770 we see…When we think of the Boston Massacre in 1770 we see…What does it appear What does it appear happened?happened?
What actually happened?What actually happened?
Who died?Who died?
Lawyer of fame?Lawyer of fame?
Trial results?Trial results?
Paul Revere – truly a “crafty” Paul Revere – truly a “crafty” patriotpatriot
SilversmithSilversmith
Son of LibertySon of Liberty
a Midnight a Midnight Rider…Rider…
Victims of the “ Massacre”Victims of the “ Massacre”
Those who died on the spot included:Those who died on the spot included:Sam MaverickSam Maverick
Sam GraySam Gray
Jonas CaldwellJonas Caldwell
Crispus Attucks {believed -1st to Crispus Attucks {believed -1st to die}die}
Patrick Carr died Patrick Carr died several days later!several days later!
The Lawyer…Wins his case!The Lawyer…Wins his case!
John AdamsJohn Adams Brilliant legal mindBrilliant legal mind Could be arrogantCould be arrogant Could be impatientCould be impatient Was not well-likedWas not well-liked
Capt. Preston and the othersCapt. Preston and the others
are basically found to have are basically found to have
acted in self-defenseacted in self-defense
1 soldier was branded the 1 soldier was branded the
others acquitted of guiltothers acquitted of guilt
Group E/Activity E Questions…Group E/Activity E Questions…
Committees of Correspondence Committees of Correspondence Keep the fires of discontent stoked…Keep the fires of discontent stoked…
Keep the colonies informedKeep the colonies informedPlan for the future…Plan for the future… How to make even more trouble…How to make even more trouble…
And yet tensions calm And yet tensions calm
from 1770 – 1773 until…from 1770 – 1773 until…
1773 Parliament passes the Tea 1773 Parliament passes the Tea ActAct
Why: To repay a pastWhy: To repay a past favor… to save the Britishfavor… to save the British East India Tea Co. East India Tea Co.
What did it do? What did it do?
1. Grants a monopoly to the1. Grants a monopoly to the Brit. East India Tea Co.Brit. East India Tea Co.2. Imposes a small tea tax2. Imposes a small tea tax3. Colonial merchants cut out of the tea trade! 3. Colonial merchants cut out of the tea trade!
Results – Price of tea goes down overall! Results – Price of tea goes down overall!
American Colonists Respond American Colonists Respond w/outrage!w/outrage!
Sons of Liberty again go back to Sons of Liberty again go back to harassing tax collectors and customs harassing tax collectors and customs agents agents
Plot and plan acts of revenge!Plot and plan acts of revenge!Hancock and other merchants are Hancock and other merchants are
furious!furious!
Daughters of Liberty promote the idea Daughters of Liberty promote the idea of alternatives to drinking tea… etc. of alternatives to drinking tea… etc. etc. etc.
Sons of Liberty – Bring Trouble!Sons of Liberty – Bring Trouble!Dec. 16Dec. 16thth, 1773 Party Time!, 1773 Party Time!
Millions of dollars worth of tea – thrown in the sea by Millions of dollars worth of tea – thrown in the sea by “Mohawk Indians”“Mohawk Indians”
Who did it? Secrecy remains! Revere, Hancock, Sam Who did it? Secrecy remains! Revere, Hancock, Sam Adams?Adams?
Other Colonies Resist!Other Colonies Resist! New YorkNew York In Virginia, in Charleston and in other citiesIn Virginia, in Charleston and in other cities
Refuse to let tea be unloadedRefuse to let tea be unloaded Refuse to permit ships to dockRefuse to permit ships to dock Confine tea to warehouses – not to be sold! Confine tea to warehouses – not to be sold!
Are these methods of protest used today?Are these methods of protest used today?
Why have some people joined the “Tea Why have some people joined the “Tea Party?”Party?”
Still Loyal to BritainStill Loyal to Britain
He states that all theHe states that all the
tea – the full price oftea – the full price of
the destroyed tea – the destroyed tea –
should be repaid! should be repaid!
Tons of tea DestroyedTons of tea DestroyedMillions of dollars worth!Millions of dollars worth!
Lord North – British Prime MinisterLord North – British Prime Minister Gov. Thomas HutchinsonGov. Thomas Hutchinson Angered Bostonians prior to the Tea Party Angered Bostonians prior to the Tea Party
by by insisting colonists permit tea be unloaded insisting colonists permit tea be unloaded
Warns that Brit. must impose harsh After the Tea Party – told Britain to Warns that Brit. must impose harsh After the Tea Party – told Britain to showshow
penalties or the colonies will be lost! Strength and not give in to colonistspenalties or the colonies will be lost! Strength and not give in to colonists
Lord North has his way… Lord North has his way… Brit. passes the Brit. passes the Coercive ActsCoercive Acts
17741774 Colonists call them the “Colonists call them the “Intolerable Intolerable
ActsActs” ”
1.1. Boston Port will be closed until all the tea Boston Port will be closed until all the tea is repaidis repaid
2.2. Massachusetts legislatures may only Massachusetts legislatures may only meet once per year. meet once per year.
3.3. Brit. Officials accused of crimes would Brit. Officials accused of crimes would now be put on trial in Canada or Britainnow be put on trial in Canada or Britain
4.4. 22ndnd Quartering Act is passed Quartering Act is passed {now in private homes}{now in private homes}
{Group F}{Group F} American Colonists are American Colonists are Outraged!Outraged!
Bostonians are enraged!Bostonians are enraged!Britain adds insult to injury – passes the Britain adds insult to injury – passes the
Quebec Act of 1775 - why ?Quebec Act of 1775 - why ?Analyze what it did… seems suspicious? Analyze what it did… seems suspicious?
1.1. French Canadians – given/gain territory - French Canadians – given/gain territory - their territory now includes the Ohio Valley their territory now includes the Ohio Valley
2.2. May keep their own language and lawsMay keep their own language and laws3.3. May keep their Roman Catholic faithMay keep their Roman Catholic faith
Quebec Act 1775 Quebec Act 1775 Colonists have geographic Colonists have geographic
concerns…concerns…Brilliant move Brilliant move
by Britain or mistake?by Britain or mistake?
Observe the map! Observe the map!
First Continental Congress First Continental Congress meets:meets:
Location: PhiladelphiaLocation: Philadelphia Present: each colony is represented except Present: each colony is represented except
GeorgiaGeorgia Lasts 7 weeks Lasts 7 weeks
Brings forward several resolutions! Brings forward several resolutions! Still loyal to BritainStill loyal to Britain Seek a peaceful solutionSeek a peaceful solution
Petition/appeal to King George III/ParliamentPetition/appeal to King George III/Parliament 1. Our rights are being abused1. Our rights are being abused 2. Unless respected, will refuse to trade w/England 2. Unless respected, will refuse to trade w/England
Agree to meet in 1 year to discuss what further to do!Agree to meet in 1 year to discuss what further to do!
Galloway Plan 1775Galloway Plan 1775
A plan to unite the colonies into a A plan to unite the colonies into a grand Council w/members from each grand Council w/members from each colony.colony.
Representatives of the Grand Council Representatives of the Grand Council would serve in Parliament would serve in Parliament Thus gaining representation! Thus gaining representation!
New Englanders vote the idea down!New Englanders vote the idea down!
11stst Continental Congress also Continental Congress also creates the Continental creates the Continental
AssociationAssociationOrganization created to keep Organization created to keep
colonies informed and to keep the colonies informed and to keep the colonists focused on the goal of… colonists focused on the goal of…
Boycotting British made goods!Boycotting British made goods!
Massachusetts plans for the Massachusetts plans for the worse!worse!
Create their own civilian militia unit… Create their own civilian militia unit… The Minutemen – who will not back The Minutemen – who will not back
down!down!
Gen. Thomas Gage is placed in Gen. Thomas Gage is placed in charge of Brit. forces in Mass. charge of Brit. forces in Mass.
Sons of Liberty Sons of Liberty
continue to cause continue to cause
problems…problems…
Gen. Gage. is given orders that will start a Gen. Gage. is given orders that will start a war! war!
Gen. Gage means to bring things Gen. Gage means to bring things under control…under control…
His Orders - To quickly and quietly:His Orders - To quickly and quietly:
1. March out to Concord and Lexington 1. March out to Concord and Lexington
2. Seize any weapons that are being stored2. Seize any weapons that are being stored
by the Minutemenby the Minutemen
3. Apprehend John Hancock and Sam Adams 3. Apprehend John Hancock and Sam Adams on charges of Conspiracy and Treasonon charges of Conspiracy and Treason
Midnight Riders Give out a Midnight Riders Give out a warning!warning!
The 3 Riders:The 3 Riders:
Paul ReverePaul Revere William DawesWilliam Dawes Samuel Prescott Samuel Prescott
PrescottPrescott was the only one to was the only one toEscape capture!Escape capture!
The church: The church:
Old North ChurchOld North ChurchThe Signal…The Signal…
““1 if by land and 2 if by sea”1 if by land and 2 if by sea”
The warning… “The Regulars are coming”The warning… “The Regulars are coming”
Gage Encounters the Gage Encounters the Minutemen!Minutemen!
Hancock and Adams escape! Hancock and Adams escape! No weapons are capturedNo weapons are captured
The Minutemen stand The Minutemen stand
their ground and their ground and
mean to start troublemean to start trouble
The “Shot heard round the The “Shot heard round the World” World”
Date: 19Date: 19thth of April, 1775 of April, 1775 Location: Lexington Village GreenLocation: Lexington Village Green Gen. Gage orders Minutemen to go home!Gen. Gage orders Minutemen to go home! Capt. Thomas Parker – tells his MinutemenCapt. Thomas Parker – tells his Minutemen ” ” hold your powder, if they mean to havehold your powder, if they mean to have war…let it begin here!”war…let it begin here!”
Gage’s British soldiers and the Minutemen Gage’s British soldiers and the Minutemen are face to face…when a shot rings out! are face to face…when a shot rings out!
8 Die in Lexington – the war 8 Die in Lexington – the war begins! begins!
Gen. Gage is in for trouble!Gen. Gage is in for trouble!
Gen. Gage is now in hostile territory and his army – Gen. Gage is now in hostile territory and his army – Soldiers are exhausted – previous night’s forced march – 20 Soldiers are exhausted – previous night’s forced march – 20
miles!miles! Will be harassed and sniped at – most of the way back to Will be harassed and sniped at – most of the way back to
Boston!Boston! Gage’s army suffered 273 casualties! Gage’s army suffered 273 casualties!
So. War has begun – or has it?So. War has begun – or has it?The Olive Branch Petition…The Olive Branch Petition…
Continental Congress… Continental Congress… Declares its loyalty to George IIIDeclares its loyalty to George III Asks him to repeal the Asks him to repeal the
Intolerable Acts… Intolerable Acts…
George III responds…George III responds…Accuses the colonists of trying to Accuses the colonists of trying to
start their own independent empire!start their own independent empire!
Vows to bring the rebels to justice!!!Vows to bring the rebels to justice!!!
Sends 20,000 soldiers to America!!!Sends 20,000 soldiers to America!!!
Rebels Take Ticonderoga!Rebels Take Ticonderoga!Key Players: The Green Mountain Boys led by…Key Players: The Green Mountain Boys led by…
Benedict Arnold Ethan Allen “Come out you rat!”Benedict Arnold Ethan Allen “Come out you rat!”
Significance: Significance: 11. . Fort’s location-Fort’s location- gave it control of lake Champlain? gave it control of lake Champlain?
2. Americans got 43 cannons and 16 mortars2. Americans got 43 cannons and 16 mortars
A great victory – well, what the books rarely tell you is…A great victory – well, what the books rarely tell you is…
22ndnd Continental Congress… Continental Congress…Appoints A Commander of the Continental ArmyAppoints A Commander of the Continental Army
George WashingtonGeorge Washington There is a “back story” sp listen up!There is a “back story” sp listen up!
Legend has it that he was…reluctant?Legend has it that he was…reluctant?
Yet, he came to Congress for weeks inYet, he came to Congress for weeks in
his French and Indian War uniform… his French and Indian War uniform…
John Adams – loses a friend?John Adams – loses a friend?
The Continental Army…oh boyThe Continental Army…oh boy
Sounds grand but it was a disaster… How/WhySounds grand but it was a disaster… How/Why? ? It lacked qualified leaders, was poorly trained, supplied, It lacked qualified leaders, was poorly trained, supplied,
fed, armed, was disorganized, had temporary enlistmentsfed, armed, was disorganized, had temporary enlistments
