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SIGMUND FREUD, ANALYSE US!!!!
What is psychoanalysis?
A method of mind investigation. And especially of the unconscious mind.
Freud’s topograhical model represents his “configuration of the mind.
According to Freud there are 3 levels of consciousness:
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconcious
Freud’s view, the mind is like an iceberg:
The tip of the iceberg is consciousness.The part you can see through the water is preconscious.The part you cannot see is unconscious.
THE STRUCTURAL MODEL OF PERSONALITY
Freud saw personality as having three aspects and these are ID,EGO & SUPEREGO.
ID
original component of personality
present at birth
all the inhereted,instictive,primitive aspects of personality
unconcious
Id follows the pleasure principle.
Pleasure principle is a concept that continuosly drive one to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
There is a id’s mechanism which is primary process: It works to resolve the tension which is created by pleasure principle.
Id forms mental image of desired one Wish fulfilment Primary process cannot distinguish between reality and image
EGO
evolves from id
focuses on making sure id impulses are expressed effectively by taking into account the external world.
concious and preconcious
EGO follows the reality principle
The reality principle is taking account of external reality along with internal needs & urges.
Ego’s aim:delay the discharge of id’s tension until finding appropriate object or activity.
For matching the image of reducing object to real one
Secondary Process
SUPEREGO
holds an image of what is right and wrong
strives perfection rather than pleasure
the values of your parents
to obtain parents’ love the child do what their parents’ think is right OR to avoid punishment the child avoids what their parents’ think is wrong.
introjection
divided into 2 subsystems: Ego Ideal & conscience
has 3 interrelated goals
BALANCING FORCES
• Ego has a hard road.It has to balance id and superego
• Ego strength
Motivation: The Drives of Personality
Related elements with drives,
-Biological need state.
-Its psychological represenatation.
!If a drive is not expressed its pressure continue to build up!
Hydraulic Model, prevention of a drive to express only creates more pressure toward the expression.
Cathexes and The Use of Energy
Given limited energy supply at any given time, how energy is distributed becomes an important issue.
In early life Id has all the energy.
Investing energy in an activity or image is called forming a cathexis.
Id, has the energy doesn not differ reality and unreality
Ego, eventually catches some of Id’s energy to bring intellectual functioning and form cathexes of its own.
Superego, gathers energy from Id through a process of identification.
Competition never ends...
Life and Death Insticts
1) Life or sexual instincts (Eros), is a set of drives, deals with reproduction and survival.
2) Death instincts (Thanatos), goal of life is death.
Eros blocks expression of the death drive tension remains
unspent energy
it can be used in aggressive or destructive actions
Libidinal and Aggressive Energies
-Ambivalence, one expressed an than the other
-Sadism, both exist in same activity at the same time
Sexual arousal can facilitate or inhibit aggression, depending on other fators.
Aggressiveness
Nude pics lessFurniture more
Study 1
Angered Not angered
Neutral
moviesame same
Erotic
moviemore same
Study 2
Catharsis
-Release of emotional tension in an experience.
Leads to 2 predictions.
1) engaging in aggression reduce the later aggression, the act dissipate drive’s energy, person would be less aggressive.
2) engaging in aggression increase the later aggression
Displacement and Sublimation of Motive Forces
Displacement, lets blocked energy be released in another way
Sublimation, action occures in the shape of a socially acceptable or even more praiseworthy action.
Sublimation leads people to be civilized!
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
1. The Oral Stage
• birth to roughly 18
• interaction with the world through the mouth & lips
• dependent on others for survival
• has 2 substages and these are: oral incorporative phase & oral sadistic phase
2) Anal Stage
-Begins at about 18 months continues into the third year
-Anus is the key erogenous zone
-Potty training
-Punishment vs. Attention
-Anal retentive personality can be expressed in an excessively neat and tidy environment.
3. PHALLIC STAGE
• Third year and continue fifth year
• focus shifts to genital organs
• become aware of the pleasure that arises from genital manipulation
• Libido shifts toward opposite sex
• Oedipus complex and Electra complex
• What happens to boys and girls ?
Castration anxiety
Penis envy
4) Latency Period
-Child enter of a relative calm period.
-In this period 6 to early teens, sexual and aggressive behaviour not shown.
- Child turn his attention to other pursuits, like social and intellectual world.
- With puberty, the sexual and aggessive urges intensify again.
5.GENITAL STAGE
• adolescence and adulthood
• focus on genitals throughout life
• a desire develops to share mutual sexual gratification with someone
• have more control over impulses both sexual and aggressive
• transformation occurs
Problems and Prospects
-Behaviour is determined largely by forces outside awareness.
-It is hard to test. ex; libido, sexual energy,
Where does it come from?
What makes it sexual in nature?
How do you measure it?-Metaphorical, oedipal complex...
-Case studies can not be generalized.
-Freud involved in the reseaches personally.
-Subjects were not randomly assigned.