Friction Pendulum Seismic Isolation · 2016. 10. 24. · FEMA 58 Calculations of Seismic Damage (US...

Engineered SolutionsEngineered Solutionsthatthat

Minimize Seismic DamageMinimize Seismic Damage

Earthquake Protection SystemsCalifornia, USA

Engineered SolutionsEngineered Solutionsthatthat

Minimize Seismic DamageMinimize Seismic Damage


Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign CriteriaDesign Criteria

Limit seismic damage toLimit seismic damage toArchitectural, NonArchitectural, Non--Structural, &Structural, &

StructureStructureto less than 2% of theto less than 2% of the

replacement costs.replacement costs.

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign CriteriaDesign Criteria

Limit seismic damage toLimit seismic damage toArchitectural, NonArchitectural, Non--Structural, &Structural, &

StructureStructureto less than 2% of theto less than 2% of the

replacement costs.replacement costs.

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign ObjectivesDesign ObjectivesMinimize Earthquake DamageMinimize Earthquake Damage

Minimize Economic LossesMinimize Economic Losses

Achieve Seismic Resilient FacilitiesAchieve Seismic Resilient Facilities

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign ObjectivesDesign ObjectivesMinimize Earthquake DamageMinimize Earthquake Damage

Minimize Economic LossesMinimize Economic Losses

Achieve Seismic Resilient FacilitiesAchieve Seismic Resilient Facilities

Seismic Design OptionsSeismic Design Options

1) Ductile Structures1) Ductile Structures

2) Stronger Structures2) Stronger Structures

3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation

4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation

Seismic Design OptionsSeismic Design Options

1) Ductile Structures1) Ductile Structures

2) Stronger Structures2) Stronger Structures



The Problem:The Problem:

Building codesBuilding codes

(Conventional &(Conventional & IIsolated Structures)solated Structures)

allow seismic damage and someallow seismic damage and some

collapses.collapses.

The Problem:The Problem:

Building codesBuilding codes

(Conventional &(Conventional & IIsolated Structures)solated Structures)

allow seismic damage and someallow seismic damage and some

collapses.collapses.

Olive View Hospital, California, 1971

Olive View Hospital, California, 1994No Structural Damage after the Northridge Earthquake.

Non-Structural Damage, 1994 Northridge EQ

Storage Racks, 1994 Northridge

Code CompliantCode CompliantSeismic Performance CriteriaSeismic Performance Criteria

“Ensure structure safety to protect the lives“Ensure structure safety to protect the livesof persons inside or on the structures.”of persons inside or on the structures.”

“Preventing damage or economic losses is“Preventing damage or economic losses isnot the intent of the code provisions.”not the intent of the code provisions.”

Code CompliantCode CompliantSeismic Performance CriteriaSeismic Performance Criteria

“Ensure structure safety to protect the lives“Ensure structure safety to protect the livesof persons inside or on the structures.”of persons inside or on the structures.”

“Preventing damage or economic losses is“Preventing damage or economic losses isnot the intent of the code provisions.”not the intent of the code provisions.”

Learning From Recent EarthquakesLearning From Recent Earthquakes

New Zealand and ChileNew Zealand and Chilecodes require higher seismiccodes require higher seismicdesign forces than the USA.design forces than the USA.

Learning From Recent EarthquakesLearning From Recent Earthquakes

New Zealand and ChileNew Zealand and Chilecodes require higher seismiccodes require higher seismicdesign forces than the USA.design forces than the USA.

AA Magnitude 6.3 EarthquakeMagnitude 6.3 EarthquakeOccurred at ChristchurchOccurred at Christchurch

New Zealand in 2011New Zealand in 2011

185 People Killed185 People Killed

2 Buildings Collapsed2 Buildings Collapsed

1200 Buildings Demolished1200 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion in Economic Loss$30 Billion in Economic Loss

AA Magnitude 6.3 EarthquakeMagnitude 6.3 EarthquakeOccurred at ChristchurchOccurred at Christchurch

New Zealand in 2011New Zealand in 2011

185 People Killed185 People Killed


1200 Buildings Demolished1200 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion in Economic Loss$30 Billion in Economic Loss

New Zealand 2011

Chile 2010 EarthquakeChile 2010 Earthquake


10,000 Buildings Demolished10,000 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion Economic Loss$30 Billion Economic Loss

Chile 2010 EarthquakeChile 2010 Earthquake


10,000 Buildings Demolished10,000 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion Economic Loss$30 Billion Economic Loss

Chile 2010

In societies having modern seismic codes,In societies having modern seismic codes,for every building that collapses, there arefor every building that collapses, there are

over 100 other buildings having noover 100 other buildings having nosignificant structural damage, but theysignificant structural damage, but they

cannot function due to noncannot function due to non--structural andstructural andcontent damage.content damage.

In societies having modern seismic codes,In societies having modern seismic codes,for every building that collapses, there arefor every building that collapses, there are

over 100 other buildings having noover 100 other buildings having nosignificant structural damage, but theysignificant structural damage, but they

cannot function due to noncannot function due to non--structural andstructural andcontent damage.content damage.

Worldwide,Worldwide,structures that suffer severestructures that suffer severe

seismic damage do notseismic damage do notsatisfy owner expectations.satisfy owner expectations.

Worldwide,Worldwide,structures that suffer severestructures that suffer severe

seismic damage do notseismic damage do notsatisfy owner expectations.satisfy owner expectations.

Owners ExpectationsOwners Expectationsafter an Earthquake.after an Earthquake.

Facility to Remain Functional toFacility to Remain Functional toServe Intended FunctionServe Intended Function

Revenue Source UnRevenue Source Un--InterruptedInterrupted

Owners ExpectationsOwners Expectationsafter an Earthquake.after an Earthquake.

Facility to Remain Functional toFacility to Remain Functional toServe Intended FunctionServe Intended Function

Revenue Source UnRevenue Source Un--InterruptedInterrupted

Seismic Isolation Design OptionsSeismic Isolation Design Options



Seismic Isolation Design OptionsSeismic Isolation Design Options



Will code compliantseismically isolated structuressatisfy owner expectations?

.

Will code compliantseismically isolated structuressatisfy owner expectations?

.

Trans-European Motorway, Bolu TurkeyNew Code Compliant Seismically Isolated HighwayNearly Collapsed during the 1999 Turkey Earthquake

Trans-European Motorway, Turkey 1999 EarthquakeBridge Girders Are Not Supported On The Piers

Trans-European Motorway, Lateral Shift Damage, 1999 Turkey

Broken Energy Dissipation Units Girders Slid Off Bearings

All Energy Dissipation Units Broken

Friction Pendulum Bearings designed and manufactured by EPS,were used to retrofit the damaged viaduct, and for the design and

construction of three new Trans-European Motorway viaduct sections.

Seismic isolation is a designapproach, not a performance level.

The seismic performance resultsfrom the design criteria selected.

Seismic isolation is a designapproach, not a performance level.

The seismic performance resultsfrom the design criteria selected.

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic DesignSeismic Design

1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings

2) Design structures elastically2) Design structures elastically

3) Limit structure drifts3) Limit structure drifts

4) Reduce in4) Reduce in--structure accelerationsstructure accelerations

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic DesignSeismic Design

1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings

2) Design structures elastically2) Design structures elastically

3) Limit structure drifts3) Limit structure drifts

4) Reduce in4) Reduce in--structure accelerationsstructure accelerations

FEMA 58 is aFEMA 58 is amethodology andmethodology andcomputer programcomputer programthat calculates expectedthat calculates expectedearthquake damage forearthquake damage forbuildings.buildings.

FEMA 58 is the resultFEMA 58 is the resultof 20 years of Federalof 20 years of FederalFunding.Funding.

FEMA 58 is aFEMA 58 is amethodology andmethodology andcomputer programcomputer programthat calculates expectedthat calculates expectedearthquake damage forearthquake damage forbuildings.buildings.

FEMA 58 is the resultFEMA 58 is the resultof 20 years of Federalof 20 years of FederalFunding.Funding.

The world’s largestThe world’s largestcorporations rely oncorporations rely on

EPS EngineeredEPS EngineeredSeismic SolutionsSeismic Solutions

The world’s largestThe world’s largestcorporations rely oncorporations rely on


Apple Headquarters, 400,000 Square Meters

Exxon Offshore Platform, Russia

Texas Instruments Manufacturing Facility150,000 Square Meters

Shell Offshore Platform, Russia

Over 50 National, State, andOver 50 National, State, andCity Governments rely onCity Governments rely on


Over 50 National, State, andOver 50 National, State, andCity Governments rely onCity Governments rely on


•

US Federal Government, San Francisco

• •

CourtroomNo. One

Preserving Historic Interior Architecture of US Court

Pasadena City Hall, California

Canadian Government Bridge

Mexican Government Building

State of California Dumbarton Bridge

San Francisco General Hospital

TodayToday 27 Countries27 Countriesrely on EPS Technologiesrely on EPS Technologies

TodayToday 27 Countries27 Countriesrely on EPS Technologiesrely on EPS Technologies

Trans-European HighwayEPS Seismic Bearings

Turkey High-Speed Railway - EPS Seismic Bearings

Greece High-Speed Railway,EPS Seismic Bearings

Spain High-Speed Railway - EPS Seismic Bearings

Equador Bahia Bridge – EPS Continued Functionality DesignNo Damage During April 16, 2016 Mag 7.8 Earthquake

New Zealand FactoryEPS Seismic Bearings

China Condominiums – EPS Seismic Bearings

29,729,7

Taiwan Condominiums - EPS Seismic Bearings

Taiwan Performing Arts Center,EPS Seismic Bearings

Japan Priceless Artifacts – EPS Seismic Bearings

Hermes Statue : Athens, Greece

US $1.9 Billion Space Shuttle EndeavorProtected with Multi-Stage Friction Pendulum Bearing

IPCU Okemedani Hospital,200,000 Square Meters

IPCU Lutfi Kirdar Hospital,300,000 Square Meters

Adana Hospital, Turkey550,000 Square Meters

OverOver 50 Million Square Feet50 Million Square Feetof Buildings, Bridges, andof Buildings, Bridges, and

Industrial Facilities rely onIndustrial Facilities rely on

EPS EngineeredEPS Engineered

Seismic SolutionsSeismic Solutions

OverOver 50 Million Square Feet50 Million Square Feetof Buildings, Bridges, andof Buildings, Bridges, and

Industrial Facilities rely onIndustrial Facilities rely on

EPS EngineeredEPS Engineered

Seismic SolutionsSeismic Solutions

Stanford University Hospital

Mills Peninsula Hospital, CaliforniaEPS Seismic Bearings

San Francisco Airport , 1 Million Square FeetEPS Seismic Bearings

Turkey Government Airport, 2 Million Square Feet,EPS Seismic Bearings

View from southwest

California State Building, San BernadinoEPS Seismic Bearings

Hayward City Hall, CaliforniaEPS Seismic Bearings

Catholic Church, Oakland CaliforniaEPS Seismic Bearings

Cathedral of Christ the Light, Oakland, California

Fixed Isolated

IPCU Goztepe Hospital200,000 Square Meters

FEMA 58 Calculations of Seismic Damage (US $)for

Goztepe Hospital Using Different Isolation Bearings

Probability of BeingExceeded in 50 Years:EQ RecurrenceInterval

Triple PendulumBearings

Single PendulumBearings, SameBuilding

CodeCompliantBearings, SameBuilding

Same BuildingWithout SeismicIsolation Bearings

90%: 22 year return $162,000 $797,000 $2,647,00090%: 22 year return $162,000 $797,000 $2,647,000 $5,782,000

50%: 75 year return $1,224,000 $3,800,000 $10,193,000 $25,143,000

10%: 475 year return $3,776,000 $8,832,000 $16,365,000 $166,376,000

2%: 2475 year return $6,228,000 $10,341,000 $34,970,000 $196,717,000

Today Over $100 BillionToday Over $100 Billionof Constructed Facilities rely onof Constructed Facilities rely on

EPS Engineered SolutionsEPS Engineered Solutions

Today Over $100 BillionToday Over $100 Billionof Constructed Facilities rely onof Constructed Facilities rely on

EPS Engineered SolutionsEPS Engineered Solutions

California State Benicia-Martinez Bridge

California State Antioch Bridge

Mississippi River Bridge

Alaska Bridge

California Bridge

LNG Tank Construction, Chile 2008

2 Chile Liquid Natural Gas TanksUndamaged By Magnitude 8.8 Earthquake

2 Mexican Liquid Natural Gas Tanks

2 Peru Liquid Natural Gas Tanks

3 Greece Liquid Natural Gas Tanks

ARCHITECTURAL

& MEP ISSUES

WITH SEISMIC ISOLATION

IMPLEMENTATION

ARCHITECTURAL

& MEP ISSUES

WITH SEISMIC ISOLATION

IMPLEMENTATION

ARCHITECTURAL IMPLICATIONS

• Critical Elements : Stairs, Elevators, Exit Ways, etc

Fully Functional/Operational for Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) andMaximum Credible Earthquake (MCE). Movement +/- 30” to 36”

• Non-Critical Elements : Moat & Planter Covers, Wall Joints, etc.

Fully Functional/Operational for DBE. Movement +/- 20” to 24”.Repairable Damage for Earthquakes Exceeding DBE.

• Location of Isolation Plane:Above foundation LevelAt Ground Level (Cost-Effective)

• Critical Elements : Stairs, Elevators, Exit Ways, etc

Fully Functional/Operational for Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) andMaximum Credible Earthquake (MCE). Movement +/- 30” to 36”

• Non-Critical Elements : Moat & Planter Covers, Wall Joints, etc.

Fully Functional/Operational for DBE. Movement +/- 20” to 24”.Repairable Damage for Earthquakes Exceeding DBE.

California Bridge

Friction PendulumFriction PendulumSeismic IsolationSeismic Isolation

Was developed in 1985 byWas developed in 1985 by

Earthquake Protection Systems

Friction PendulumFriction PendulumSeismic IsolationSeismic Isolation



Original Friction Pendulum Bearing

Original Friction Pendulum TechnologySingle Pendulum Bearing

STAINLESS STEELCONCAVE SURFACE

HOUSINGPLATE

SECTION

SELF LUBRICATINGCOMPOSITE LINER

ARTICULATINGSLIDER

PLATECONCAVE

TripleTriple PendulumPendulumSeismic IsolationSeismic Isolation



TripleTriple PendulumPendulumSeismic IsolationSeismic Isolation



Triple Pendulum Bearing

FRICTION PENDULUM CONCEPT

TRIPLE PENDULUM BEARING

Triple Pendulum and Single Pendulum Sliding Mechanisms

ADVANTAGES OF TRIPLE PENDULUM BEARING

TENSION CAPABLE FRICTION PENDULUM

EPS Manufacturing Facility, California USA30,000 Square Meter Floor Space

Certified ISO 9001Quality Control System ForSeismic Bearing Design, Manufacture, and Testing

100% Bearing Manufacture and Testing at One FacilityApproved for the Most Critical Applications of

Seismic Isolation Worldwide

EPS Manufacturing Facility, California USA30,000 Square Meter Floor Space

Certified ISO 9001Quality Control System ForSeismic Bearing Design, Manufacture, and Testing

100% Bearing Manufacture and Testing at One FacilityApproved for the Most Critical Applications of

Seismic Isolation Worldwide

Triple Pendulum Bearing

CONCAVE OVERLAY MATERIAL

ASTM A240, Type 304Stainless Steel with polishedfinish

Tensile Strength = 415 MPaYield Strength = 275 Mpa

Exceptional corrosion andenvironmental resistance

Large Conacve Thickness = 4.5 mm

ASTM A240, Type 304Stainless Steel with polishedfinish

Tensile Strength = 415 MPaYield Strength = 275 Mpa

Exceptional corrosion andenvironmental resistance

Large Conacve Thickness = 4.5 mm

COMPOSITE BEARING LINER MATERIAL

The FPB liner is aproprietary compositebearing liner systemdeveloped by EPS foruse in Seismic Isolation

The FPB liner is aproprietary compositebearing liner systemdeveloped by EPS foruse in Seismic Isolation

EPS Manufacturing Capacity : Over 800 tons per month

Apple Campus Bearings : 700 Large Size Triple Pendulum Bearings

(1.3 m displacement capacity) Manufactured in Six Months

Testing of Seismic Isolation Bearings

• Prototype Testing

• Quality Control

Testing of Seismic Isolation Bearings

• Prototype Testing

• Quality Control

Prototype Testing of Isolation Bearings

ASCE 7 Requires Prototype Testing of Full-Scale Bearingsduring Design Phase (and NOT during Construction)

ASCE 7 Requires Dynamic Prototype Testing

Prototype Tests should include

Shear Load Capacity Tests

Vertical Load Capacity Tests

Uplift Displacement Capacity Tests

Quality Control Testing of Bearings

100% QC Testing VERY IMPORTANT

100% QC Testing Required by AASHTO & ASCE 7-16

When Testing is Required for 100% of ColumnMaterials (Steel or Concrete), then Why IsolationBearings which support Column Loads are EitherNot Tested or Tested to Certain Percentage (20%)?

EPS Prototype Testing

Dynamic Prototype Testing at Design Phase

Rated Capacity Tests

Uplift Capacity Tests

EPS Quality Control Testing

100% of Production Bearings QC Tested Dynamically

EPS Large Scale Dynamic Test Machine

DYNAMIC OF TRIPLE PENDULUM BEARING

EPS Dynamic Quality Control Test, Triple Pendulum Bearing

30 Years ofUSA Extensive University Research

Testing and Investigations at:

University of California Berkeley, Earthquake EngineeringResearch Center

State University Of New York, National Center forEarthquake Engineering Research

University of California San Diego, CALTRANS SeismicResponse Modification Devise Testing Facility

30 Years ofUSA Extensive University Research

Testing and Investigations at:

University of California Berkeley, Earthquake EngineeringResearch Center

State University Of New York, National Center forEarthquake Engineering Research

University of California San Diego, CALTRANS SeismicResponse Modification Devise Testing Facility

5-Story Full-Scale Building Isolated with 9 Full-ScaleTriple Pendulum Bearings with 1 m Displacement Capacity

E-Defense Shake Table, Japan

Over US $100 Billion in Constructed Value ofOver US $100 Billion in Constructed Value of

Important Buildings, Bridges, andImportant Buildings, Bridges, andIndustrial FacilitiesIndustrial Facilities

in 27 Countriesin 27 Countries

Rely on EngineeredRely on EngineeredFriction Pendulum Solutions byFriction Pendulum Solutions by


Over US $100 Billion in Constructed Value ofOver US $100 Billion in Constructed Value of

Important Buildings, Bridges, andImportant Buildings, Bridges, andIndustrial FacilitiesIndustrial Facilities

in 27 Countriesin 27 Countries

Rely on EngineeredRely on EngineeredFriction Pendulum Solutions byFriction Pendulum Solutions by


Important Considerations - Seismic Isolation

Safety

Manufacturer Qualifications

100% Testing – Preferably Realistic Condition

Seismic Performance – “Continued Functionality”

Safety

Manufacturer Qualifications

100% Testing – Preferably Realistic Condition

Seismic Performance – “Continued Functionality”

EPS EngineersEPS Engineershave 30 years experience implementinghave 30 years experience implementing

Friction Pendulum solutions.Friction Pendulum solutions.

Victor Zayas, Ph.D., P.E.Victor Zayas, Ph.D., P.E.Stanley Low, M Eng, S.EStanley Low, M Eng, S.E

Anoop Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.Anoop Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.

EPS EngineersEPS Engineershave 30 years experience implementinghave 30 years experience implementing

Friction Pendulum solutions.Friction Pendulum solutions.

Victor Zayas, Ph.D., P.E.Victor Zayas, Ph.D., P.E.Stanley Low, M Eng, S.EStanley Low, M Eng, S.E

Anoop Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.Anoop Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.

Thank YouThank You

for considering EPSfor considering EPS

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic SolutionSeismic Solution

Thank YouThank You

for considering EPSfor considering EPS

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic SolutionSeismic Solution

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Friction Pendulum Seismic Isolation · 2016. 10. 24. · FEMA 58 Calculations of Seismic Damage (US...

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