Development of strain and stress based forming limit diagram of
automotive grade sheet metals
Mechanical properties of friction stir processed AA5754 sheet
metal at different elevated temperature and strain ratesPresented
by Saurabh SumanRoll No. 11ME31019
Under the guidance of
Dr. S. K. Panda Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaProf. S. K. PalDepartment
of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
India
Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, IndiaJune, 2016
6/26/2016
ContentsIntroductionReview of
literatureObjectivesMethodologyResults and
discussionConclusionsReferences
26/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur 2
Our main aim of this topic was to increase the formability of
AA5754 alloy. The use of this alloy is restricted due to low
formability. 2nd aim was to know mechanical properties at different
elevated temp and strain rate to ease the formabilty operation for
this we developed Johnson Cook model.6/27/2016
IntroductionImportance of aluminium as automotive grade sheet
metal
3
Fig: Application of aluminium alloy in passenger cars [2]
Fig: Inner door panels of automobiles made of AA5754 [4]
Fig: Aluminum body and structural component growth with year
[1]
DesignationMajor alloying elements1xxxPure Al2xxx Cu3xxx Mn4xxx
Si5xxx Mg6xxx Mg, Si7xxx Zn8xxxothers
Table: Designation and major alloying elements of wrought
aluminium alloys[3] Non Heat treatable Heat treatable6/26/2016Dept.
of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Eveeybody wants cars with less price and good milage. It is
estimated a 10% reduction in vehicle weight improves the fuel
efficieny by 5.5%. 3rd most abundant element on earth crust.
2.7g/cm3-Al 7.9g/cm3- steel. It is non magnetic with super
strength, recyclable more malleable and elastic than steel. From
nasa to apple to bmw aluminium has been vey much
important.6/27/2016
Introduction (contd.)
4Friction Stir Welding (FSW)Rotational speed of the tool (rpm),
transverse speed (mm/min), plunge depth and tool geometry are the
Important FSW parameters. No shielding gas used and no gas emission
from the process therefore it is eco-friendly process but material
wastage takes place as hole is left at last. FSW is widely used
process for joining in automotive, Marine, Aerospace and Railway
industry
Figure 3: Friction stir welding process taking place [5]
Figure 5 : Various microstructural regions in the transverse
cross section of a friction stir welded material [6]6/26/2016Dept.
of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Thanks to the welding institute who has developed FSW in 1991
which made joining of Al alloy easily. It consist of a shoulder and
a pin which pierce the surface and rotates as well as travels. A
typical microstructure region is shown in the figure. Stir zone is
having very fine equiaxed grains. TMAZ is having similar grains as
base but grain orientation is altered. At the HAZ variable grain
size, break up of inter- metallic particles and over aging reduces
hardness. Most failure takes place in this region.6/27/2016
Introduction (contd.)Friction stir processing (FSP)
5Friction stir processing(FSP) is a method of changing the
properties of ametalthrough intense, localizedplastic
deformation
Figure 6: Schematic of friction stir processing [7]
Figure : An illustration of the evolution of microstructural
features and its linkage to various emerging friction stir
processing technologies [8]6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT
Kharagpur
FSP is a tool for microstructural modification addressed by
Rajeev Mishra. The processed metal is subjected to high strain that
modifies its dendrite(grain)6/26/2016
Introduction (contd.)Friction stir processing (FSP)
Applications
6
FSP(Application)Fig: FSP for casting modification(19)
Fig: FSP for surface composite(12)Fig: FSP for
superplasticity(19
Fig: FSP for superplasticity (9)
Fig: FSP for chanelling (10)
Fig: FSP for power processing(5)
Fig: FSP for casting modification(9)
Fig: FSP for microforming (11)6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical
Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
Review of literature
7
AuthorYearInferencesR. Mishra et al.[12]2001The microhardness of
the surface composite reinforced with 27vol.%SiC of 0.7 m average
particle size was 173 HV, almost double of the 5083Al alloy
substrate (85 HV)
Y. J Kwon et al.[13]2009At 1000 rpm maximum tensile Strength and
elongation was Achieved.(5052 Al alloy)
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Review of literature (contd.)
8AuthorYearInferencesF. C. Liu et al.[14]2008AlMgSc alloy.
Maximum elongation of 2150% at 450C and a high strain rate of
1101s1 was achieved. Super-plascity withfine grains was achieved.F.
Chai et al. [15]2013SFSP(submerged FSP) has fine grains And more %
elongation.
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
Review of literature (contd.)
9
AuthorYearInferencesHong- Ying et al.[16]2013The result showed
that the flow stress predicted by the proposed model agrees with
the experimental results.(T-24) Dynamic recrystallization at lower
strain rate and high temp
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Objectives
Design and fabrication of FSP tool to successfully fabricate
friction stir processed sheet of AA5754 alloy using suitable
process parameter.
Characterization of uniaxial tensile properties of both FSPed
and base metal sheets in terms of yield stress, ultimate stress and
% elongation at different elevated temperature and strain rate.
Development of Johnson Cook model to predict the flow stress
incorporating the effect of temperature, strain rate, strain
hardening and plastic strain.
Fractography of FSPed (friction stir processed) specimens to
understand the failure mechanism.
106/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Methodology
11Selection of sheet material and Tool materialAdvantage of
AA5754-H22 aluminum alloy Advantage of Stainless steel316 as tool
material High strength to weight ratioExcellent corrosion
resistanceExcellent corrosion resistance Good oxidation resistance
up-to 900CHigh creep strength at elevated temperaturesGood heat
resistanceHigh hardness and strength.
PropertyValueHardness79 BHNUTS580 MpaYTS290 MPa%
Elongation50%Modulus of elasticity193 GPaSpecific heat
capacity0.5J/g-CMelting Point1400C
Table: Engg Mechanical properties of Stainless steel 316
[17]6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Methodology (contd.)
12Tool design and process parameters6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical
Engg., IIT Kharagpur Tool Dia. (mm) [18]Pin Dia. (mm)Pin length
(mm)Plunge depth(mm)Tilt angleTool rpm [19][20]Travel Vel.
(mm/min)1551.10.11900125
Fig: Friction stir processing machine
Fig: FSPed sample without defects
Fig: FSPed sample at wrong parametersFig: Schematic of FSP in
isometric view
6/26/2016
Methodology (contd.)
13Macrostructure study and tool design6/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur Fig: Diamond polishing machine
Fig: Diamond polishing machine
Fig: Stir zone depth and width is clearly visible
Fig: Stainless steel 316 tool
Fig: Tool schematic
Fig: Tool dimension in mm
Fig: Finally polished and etched FSPed sample
Methodology (contd.)
14Tensile testing at different elevated temperature and strain
rate A total of 24 experiments were conducted each for base and
FSPed material at three different cross head velocity of 1mm/min,
100mm/min and 200mm/min and four different temperature room
temperature, 200C, 300C and 400C.6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical
Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Fig: Dimension of tensile specimen(in mm)
Fig: Engg stress vs strain _room temp _CHV200mm/minCHV= cross
head velocity
Fig: UT-04-0050 ELECTRA 50 Hot forming machine
Fig: Tensile sample before and after tensile test at 400C and
CHV of 1mm/min for base AA5754
The die for cutting tensile specimen
6/26/2016
Methodology (contd.)
15Formulation using Johnson Cook (JC) model6/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Methodology (contd.)
16Formulation using Johnson Cook (JC) model6/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
Results and discussion
Effect of temperature on Engg stress strain response for base
material:
17Fig: Effect of temperature on engineering stress-strain
response at 1mm/min cross head velocity rate for base material
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature on Engg stress strain response for FSPed
material:
18Figure 31: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response at 1mm/min crosshead velocity rate for FSPed (friction
stir processed) material6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT
Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature on Engg stress strain response for base
material:
19Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response at 200mm/min crosshead velocity rate for base material
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response on FSPed
material:
20Figure 33: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response rate at 100mm/min crosshead velocity rate for FSPed
material6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature and strain rate on mechanical
properties:
21
(a) (b)Figure 34: A figurative comparison of (a) Base sample at
temperature 400C before and after tensile failure (b) FSP sample at
temperature 400C before and after tensile failure6/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature and strain rate on mechanical
properties:
22
(b)Fig : A figurative comparison of (a) Base sample at room
temperature before and after tensile failure (b) FSP sample at room
temperature before and after tensile failure6/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Table: Effect of temperature and strain rate on mechanical
properties:
23Sample Specification Temp(C)Cross head velocity(mm/min)%
Elongation Yield Strength(MPa) Ultimate strength (MPa)1.
Base020110.72185.40246.6112. Base12010013.14211.59239.453.
Base22020012.25223.45256.474. FSP020115.86148.34210.245.
FSP12010021.27160.28208.506. FSP22020021.69161.28211.047.
Base5200112.9220.82230.808. Base32001008.32211.86228.129.
Base62002008.84209.53222.1410. FSP3200134.7153.29184.8611.
FSP520010019.45159.65206.1912. FSP620020021.27157.98199.85
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Table: Effect of temperature and strain rate on mechanical
properties:
24Sample Specification Temp(C)Cross head velocity (mm/min)%
Elongation Yield Strength(MPa) Ultimate strength (MPa)13.
Base7300160.12147.50149.4114. Base1230010015.16187.30193.7715.
Base1330020015.79182.88187.9916. FSP6300159.97131.62139.4317.
FSP730010036.67148.46167.7818. FSP830020032.4145.45166.5319.
Base15400114439.7245.4920. Base144001008293.4595.5221.
Base1340020075.4293.4296.4722. FSP15400191.4547.1247.7523.
FSP1040010061.45101.81104.2824. FSP1140020065.12104.21106.93
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate and temperature on true stress and true
strain response :
25Figure 36: Effect of temperature and strain rate on FSPAA5754
and base AA5754 (Room Temperature): true stress-strain
response6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate and temperature on true stress and true
strain response :
26Figure 36: Effect of temperature and strain rate on FSPAA5754
and base AA5754 (Room Temperature): true stress-strain
response6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate and temperature on true stress and true
strain response :
27Fig: Effect of temperature and strain rate on FSPAA5754 and
base AA5754 (300C): engineering stress-strain response
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
30Evaluation of material constants of Johnson Cook model
ParameterA(MPa)B(MPa)ncmValue160279.34360.0391371.6687
Table: Johnson Cook model parameter value for base material
Table 8: Johnson Cook model parameter value for FSPed
materialParameterA(MPa)B(MPa)ncmValue1102250.4051-0.00682.487
Table: Johnson Cook model parameter value for FSPed
material286/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
Experimental vs predicted Stress for FSPed materialFig:
Comparison between experimental flow stress and predicted flow
stress using Johnson Cook model in temperature domain 293 K673K of
FSP for cross head velocity of 200mm/min296/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
33Experimental vs predicted Stress for FSPed materialFig:
Comparison between experimental flow stress and predicted flow
stress using Johnson Cook model in temperature domain 293 K673K of
FSP for cross head velocity of 100mm/min306/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
Experimental vs predicted Stress for FSPed materialFig:
Comparison between experimental flow stress and predicted flow
stress using Johnson Cook model in temperature domain 293 K673K of
FSP for cross head velocity of 1mm/min
2316/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
Experimental vs predicted Stress for FSPed materialFig:
Experimental stress vs Predicted stress for FSPed AA5754
2326/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
33Experimental vs predicted Stress for base materialFig:
Comparison between experimental flow stress and predicted flow
stress using Johnson Cook model in temperature domain 293 K673K of
base for cross head velocity of 200mm/min336/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
33Experimental vs predicted Stress for base materialFig:
Comparison between experimental flow stress and predicted flow
stress using Johnson Cook model in temperature domain 293 K673K of
base for cross head velocity of 100mm/min346/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
33Experimental vs predicted Stress for base materialFig:
Comparison between experimental flow stress and predicted flow
stress using Johnson Cook model in temperature domain 293 K673K of
base for cross head velocity of 1mm/min356/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
Results and discussion (contd.)
Prediction of Johnson Cook model :
36Experimental vs predicted Stress for base materialFig:
Experimental stress vs Predicted stress for base AA5754
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
What 6/26/2016
Results and discussion (contd.)
Fractography:
376/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Fractography of parent material at cross head velocity of
100mm/min and at room temp
Fig: Fractography of parent material at crosshead velocity of
100mm/min and at 400 CAs shown in figure by SEM analysis cup like
depression known as dimple is shown which confirm ductile failure.
This type of failure is known as dimple rupture.
Results and discussion (contd.)
Fractography:
386/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Fig: Fractography of FSPed material at 100 cross head velocity
and room temp
Fig: Fractography of FSPed material at 100 crosshead velocity
and 400 CIn FSPed sample also cup like depression known as dimples
are exhibited by SEM analysis which confirm ductile failure. This
type of situation arises due to severe stirring action causing
intense plastic deformation. As the temperature is more size of
dimple is more.
ConclusionsFriction stir processing has been successfully used
to modify mechanical properties of AA5754. From this experimental
study following conclusions can be made. A cylindrical tool of 15mm
shoulder diameter and 5mm pin diameter with 1.1mm pin-length was
designed. Friction stir processed samples were successfully
fabricated using 900rpm and 125mm/min travel speed.It was found
that the %elongation increased from 15% to 92% for FSPed (friction
stir processed) when temperature was increased from room
temperature to 400 C at a constant cross head velocity of 1 mm/min
and there was 77.28% decrease in ultimate tensile strength. Similar
observation was found in base material.The FSPed sample was found
to be insensitive to strain rate when cross head velocity (CHV) was
changed from 1mm/min to 200mm/min at room temperature. However,
significant strain rate effect was observed for both parent and
FSPed sample at 300 C and 400 C.
396/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Conclusions (contd.)The Johnson Cook model was successfully
developed after evaluating all the material parameter for
predicting flow strength of FSPed and base material at different
elevated temperature and strain rate. The predicted results were
found to be reasonable match with experimental data with regression
coefficient (R-value) of 0.919 and 0.9171 for FSP and base material
respectively. All the base metal and FSPed sample failed after
localized necking, and the fractograph studies confirm ductile
rupture of the samples.
406/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
References[1] Miller, W. S., Zhuang, L., Bottema, J.,
Wittebrood, A., De Smet, P., Haszler, A., &Vieregge, A. (2000).
Recent development in aluminum alloys for the automotive industry.
Materials science and engineering: A, 280(1), 37-49. [2] Worldwide,
D. (2005). Aluminum content for light non-commercial vehicles
assembled in North America, Japan and the European Union in 2006.
pdf. Available from the Automotive aluminum Inc. Website,
http://www. autoaluminum.[3] Kalpakjian, S., & Schmid, S.
(2009).Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology SI 6th
Edition-Serope Kalpakjian and Stephen Schmid: Manufacturing,
Engineering and Technology. Digital Designs.[4] Alumatter (last
accessed 30-03-2016).
http://aluminium.matter.org.uk/content/html/eng/default.asp?catid=199&pageid=2144416956
[5] [5] Mishra, Rajiv S., and Z. Y. Ma. "Friction stir welding and
processing."Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports50.1
(2005): 1-78.[6] [11] Pastor, A., and H. G. Svoboda.
"Time-evolution of heat affected zone (HAZ) of friction stir welds
of AA7075-T651."Journal of Materials Physics and Chemistry1.4
(2013): 58-64[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_stir_processing[8] Mishra,
Rajiv, et al. "Friction stir welding and processing."Metallurgical
and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials
Science41 (2001): 2507-2521[9] Mishra, Rajiv Sharan, Partha Sarathi
De, and Nilesh Kumar.Friction stir processing. Springer
International Publishing, 2014.[10] Balasubramanian, N., R. S.
Mishra, and K. Krishnamurthy. "Friction stir channeling:
Characterization of the channels."journal of materials processing
technology209.8 (2009): 3696-3704. [11] Mohan, Saurav, and Rajiv S.
Mishra. "Friction stir microforming of superplastic
alloys."Microsystem technologies11.4-5 (2005): 226-229.
416/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
References[12] Mishra, Rajiv S., Z. Y. Ma, and Indrajit Charit.
"Friction stir processing: a novel technique for fabrication of
surface composite."Materials Science and Engineering: A341.1
(2003): 307-310.[13] Yong-Jai Kwon, Seong-Beom Shim, Dong-Hwan
Park, Friction stir welding of 5052 aluminum alloy plates, Trans.
Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 19(2009) s23s27. [14] Liu, F. C., and Z.
Y. Ma. "Achieving exceptionally high superplasticity at high strain
rates in a micrograined AlMgSc alloy produced by friction stir
processing."Scripta Materialia59.8 (2008): 882-885.[15] Chai, Fang,
et al. "High strain rate superplasticity of a fine-grained AZ91
magnesium alloy prepared by submerged friction stir
processing."Materials Science and Engineering: A568 (2013):
40-48.[16] Li, HongYing, et al. "A modified Johnson Cook model for
elevated temperature flow behavior of T24 steel."Materials Science
and Engineering: A577 (2013): 138-146.[17] AZO Materials (last
accessed on 15-06-2016)
http://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=863[18] Rai, R., et
al. "Review: friction stir welding tools."Science and Technology of
welding and Joining16.4 (2011): 325-342.[19] Peel, M., et al.
"Microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses as a
function of welding speed in aluminium AA5083 friction stir
welds."Acta materialia51.16 (2003): 4791-4801.[20] Ericsson, Mats,
and Rolf Sandstrm. "Influence of welding speed on the fatigue of
friction stir welds, and comparison with MIG and TIG."International
Journal of Fatigue25.12 (2003): 1379-1387.
426/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
AcknowledgementDr. A. K. Nandy Mr. C. MondalDr. K.
BandyopadhyayMr. S. BasakMr. S. S. PanickerMr. K. S. PrasadMr. N.
ReynoldsMr. R. P. Mahto Miss. K. Kumari
436/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
THANK YOU6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Introduction (contd.)Application and challenges of AA5754 in
AutomobileExtensively used in automotive body structure such as
interior body panel in automobile.Poor formability at room
temperature.Serrated stress-strain response at room
temperature.
45 Interior car gate panel made up of AA5754[2]
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
6/26/2016
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Review of literature (contd.)
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature and strain rate on Engg stress strain
response of base material:
47Fig: Effect of Temperature and strain rate on engineering
stress-strain response at 100mm/min crosshead velocity rate.
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature and strain rate on Engg stress strain
response of FSP material:
48Fig: Effect of Temperature and strain rate on engineering
stress-strain response at 100mm/min crosshead velocity rate
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of temperature and strain rate on True stress vs strain
response
49Fig: Effect of Temperature and strain rate on engineering
stress-strain response at 100mm/min crosshead velocity rate.
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussions (contd.)
50Microstructure study of stir zone 6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical
Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Fig: Microstructures of the SZ(Stir Zone) observed on AA5754
aluminum alloy sheets joined by FSP with tool rotation speed 900
rpm and tool travel speed 125 mm/min
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of FSP
material:
51Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for FSP material at room temperature6/26/2016Dept. of
Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of base
material:
52Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for base material at room temperature
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of FSP
material:
53Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for FSP material at 200C
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of base
material:
54Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for base material at 200 C
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of FSP
material:
55Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for FSP material at 300C
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of base
material:
56Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for base material at 300 C
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of FSP
material:
57Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for FSP material at 400C
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
Results and discussion (contd.)
Effect of strain rate on Engg stress strain response of base
material:
58Fig: Effect of Temperature on engineering stress-strain
response for base material at 400 C
6/26/2016Dept. of Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur
