Friday, September 19th OBJ 1: State the parts of the cell theory. OBJ 2: Explain why cells are so small. OBJ 3: Calculate a cell’s surface-to-volume ratio. OBJ 4: List the advantages of being multicellular OBJ 5: Explain the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Warm-up: When Hooke saw “juice” in some cells, what was he looking at? Why did Hooke think cells existed only in plants and fungi and not in animals? Homework: Read pages 4-8 and 9-15. Protein Deficiency presentations due 10/. *Microscope QUIZ on 9/25
Transcript
Friday, September 19th
OBJ 1: State the parts of the cell theory.OBJ 2: Explain why cells are so small.OBJ 3: Calculate a cell’s surface-to-volume ratio.OBJ 4: List the advantages of being multicellularOBJ 5: Explain the difference between prokaryotic
cells and eukaryotic cells.
Warm-up: When Hooke saw “juice” in some cells, what was he looking at? Why did Hooke think cells existed only in plants and fungi and not in animals?Homework: Read pages 4-8 and 9-15. Protein
Deficiency presentations due 10/. *Microscope QUIZ on 9/25
To Do
Quick notesMicroscope
First Cells
Robert Hooke (1665)CorkCells only in plantsAnton van Leeuvenhoek (1673)Compared blood cells of fish, birds & frogs
to that of humans & dogsYeasts in bread = unicellular
Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.
Cell Similarities
Cell membraneDNACytoplasm- jelly-like substance that
protects organelles and provides an internal highway to transport materials.
Organelles- structures INSIDE cellsSmall in size*
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
Cells need a larger surface areaWhen cells grow, (as the volume
increases) outer surface grows too!(but not as fast!)
Benefits of Being Multicellular
Ability to grow larger without loosing its ability to get the materials for survival
Specialized cells perform a variety of functions
Prokaryotic Cells
Does not have a nucleusalso known as bacteriaworld’s smallest cells DNA is long, circular (like a rubber band)No membranes around their organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
Have a nucleus & many other membrane-covered organelles
DNA stored in the nucleus (and there’s more of it!)
Homework: Study parts of the microscope and notes. Begin reading pages 16-24. *Protein Deficiency presentations due 10/. *Microscope QUIZ on 9/25
To Do…
Finish notesLabel parts of the microscopeMovieYour Creatures!
The Microscope
Label parts of the microscope.
See the following PowerPoint's: 1-Microscopes 2- Parts of the microscope and their function
Intro to the Microscope: Facts
Microscopes in this lab are descendants of those made in the 1600s.
Still use similar models- compound microscopes. Use 1 or more lenses to magnify objects.
Light microscopes: use compound lenses and light. Lens bends or refracts light to make object larger. *See next slide for convex lens
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs): use electrons (negatively charged electrical particles) to magnify objects up to two million times. *Used to view objects smaller than that which can be seen by light microscopes.
Can you name and describe two organelles you read about last night for homework?
Thursday, September 25
OBJ 1-5. See previous notes/ slides. OBJ 6: Explain the function of each part of a eukaryotic
cell.
Warm-up: Microscope Quiz
Homework: Finish packet questions 6-10. Review day’s notes; POP QUIZ potential! Bibliography of your text book due tomorrow (use www.easybib.com). Diseases that lack protein project due 10/6.
Cell membraneDNACytoplasm- jelly-like substance that
protects organelles and provides an Organelles- structures INSIDE cellsSmall in size*
When we talk about cells we need to know the appropriate WORDS!
Organelles: structures within the cell, sometimes surrounded by a membrane.
33
Cell Membrane
All cells are covered by a cell membraneSeparates outside materials from inside
materialsAllows nutrients & waste products in & outInteracts with things outside the cell
- Looking Inside Cells
34
Cell Wall
- Provides strength & support to the cell membrane of a PLANT cell
- Looking Inside Cells
35
Nucleus
The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.
- Looking Inside Cells
36
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
- Looking Inside Cells
37
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of these “hallways”. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
- Looking Inside Cells
38
Golgi Body
Receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
- Looking Inside Cells
39
Vacuole
Stores water, waste and other materials.Help support the cell.
- Looking Inside Cells
40
Lysosomes
Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders
ONLY in Animal cellsContain ENZYMES
- Looking Inside Cells
41
Chloroplasts
Make food using the energy of sunlightIn Plants ONLYContain chlorophyll (makes cholorplasts
GREEN) Energy is trapped by chlorophyll and is
used to make sugar (aka photosynthesis)Sugar produced goes on to mitochondria
- Looking Inside Cells
42
Conclusion
1. Why is the cytoplasm important to the cell?
2. What do you think is the most important organelle to the cell? Justify your answer.
Friday, September 26
OBJ 1-5. See previous notes/ slides.
Warm-up: Section Review on page 23.
Homework: Complete handout. Review day’s notes; POP QUIZ potential! SitN# 5 due 10/10. Disease prjt due 10/6
Add this question to your Section Review
What would be the negative effects of a cell’s not having lysosomes?
To Do…
Explain homeworkPreparing slidesRead through today’s labLetter “E” lab
Monday, September 29
OBJ 1-6. See previous notes/ slides.OBJ 7: Describe the difference between animal cells and
plant cells.
Warm-up: What is the difference between animal and plant cells?
Homework: Finish (we will see how far we get!!) Letter “E” Lab questions (postponed until tomorrow). Review day’s notes; POP QUIZ potential! A/P cell QUIZ on Tuesday
To Do…
Check “How the Cell Operates” packet/ HWPreparing slides/ Read through today’s labLetter “E” lab
What happens to the projected image when it goes through the microscope?
Why is it important to use the low power objective lens to focus instead of the high powered lens?
Conclusion
Tuesday, September 30
OBJ 1-7. See previous notes/ slides.
Warm-up: What is the purpose of a bibliography?
Homework: 1.) SitN# 5 due 10/10. Disease prjt due 10/6. SF due 10/1
Peer Reviewed
Articles have been reviewed by scientists in a particular field◦These scientists have compared YOUR data
with data from similar experiments to see if what YOU say makes sense
To Do…
A/P QuizLetter “E” labScience Fair STUFF!
What happens to the projected image when it goes through the microscope?
Why is it important to use the low power objective lens to focus instead of the high powered lens?
Conclusion
Wednesday, October 1
OBJ 1-7. See previous notes/ slides.
TURN IN DRAFT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Warm-up: What does a rigid cell wall allow a plant cell to do? Why is this important for the survival of a plant?
Homework: TEST on 10/9; study all notes; SF Hypothesis/ Prediction due 10/8; SitN# 5 due 10/10
To Do…
The Letter “E” labAnimal vs. Plant diagrams (OPTIONAL)GO: draw a plant cell & an animal cell
(OPTIONAL)
What happens to the projected image when it goes through the microscope?
Why is it important to use the low power objective lens to focus instead of the high powered lens?
The Letter E lab
Graphic Organizer
Complete the graphic organizer, filling out the function portion and checking whether the organelle is found in just plants, just animals, or both.
OPTION: Once you are done, draw an animal cell & a plant cell on the back of your graphic organizer using colored pencils.
Cell city ◦Open to page 16 and make sure you have these terms written down
◦These are the ONLY organelles you have to worry about ◦Google Cell City – the first link should be the activity for
today. (I will show you)
Think back to the microscope: if the high powered objective lens is in position and the focal view is blurry, what should you do? Explain.
Conclusion
Thursday, October 2
OBJ 1-7. See previous notes/ slides.
Warm-up: Take out animal and plant cell from yesterday.
Homework: SitN# 5 due 10/10; SF Hypothesis/ Prediction due 10/8; TEST on 10/9; study all notes
To Do…
1. Plant and animal cell diagrams2. Go over organelle functions3. Venn Diagram/ handouts4. G.O. of P & A cells
OrganellesNucleusAnimal cellPlant CellBacteria Circular DNA Linear DNANo Nucleus Membrane covered-organelles No membrane-covered organelles
Words 2 Use
Conclusion
1. Why are cells so small? (hint: page 37 of text)
2. List two organelles plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Monday, October 6 & Tuesday, October 7
OBJ 1-7. See previous notes/ slides.
Warm-up: Get ready for today’s lab
Homework: Chapter Review pg 28 #1-13. TEST on 10/9. SF due 10/8. SitN# 5 due 10/10. QUEST on Thurs. 10/17
Cheek and Onion cell lab
Be sure to follow all safety instructions. Remember: iodine stains!
To Do… Lab
Conclusion
What 5 characteristics of mitochondria suggest that they may have originated as bacteria? (See Book C, page 28)
Wednesday, October 8
OBJ 1-7. See previous notes/ slides.
Warm-up: Turn in DRAFT Hypothesis/ Prediction (place in Science Bin)
Classwork: Finish Lab and complete Ch. Review- pgs 28-29 #16-22
Homework: Finish Lab questions- due tomorrow. SitN# 5 due 10/10. SF Materials, Procedures, Variables (with Plan of Analysis) and Number of Trials due 10/15. TEST tomorrow!
Open to page 16 and take out your animal and plant cell diagrams.
◦These are the organelles you have to worry about ◦Google Cell City – the first link should be the activity for
today. (I will show you)
◦Name three organelles located in the animal cell, but not in the plant cell. What do these organelles do in the plant cell?
◦What 5 characteristics of mitochondria suggest that they may have originated as bacteria? (See Book C, page 28)
Cell City
Conclusion
Thursday, October 9
OBJ 1-7. See previous notes/ slides.
Warm-up: Place lab in Science bin.
Classwork: TEST right now!
Homework: Read and take notes on text pages 34-37.
*SF M, P, V (with plan) and T due 10/15
Homework REMINDER!
TESTScience Fair – do you have ANY questions!Let’s begin the next chapter
*SF M, P, V (with plan) & T due 10/15*Review Science Fair calendar.
