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frm Dubna synchrophasotron to CERN LHC Correlation femtoscopy Jan Pluta, Warsaw University of Technology
frm Dubna synchrophasotron
to CERN LHC
Correlation femtoscopy
Jan Pluta, Warsaw University of Technology
TheThe pre-femtoscopy period pre-femtoscopy period
1960
1967
1969
TheThe begin of femtoscopy begin of femtoscopy
Podgorecki, Kopylov, SmorodinskiDubna, 1974
1972 ~ 4Kopylov and Podgoretsky settled the basics of correlation femtoscopy:•correlation function,•mixing technique,•role of space-time characteristics etc.
1970
1973
Correlation function
Space Time
1974
1974Mixing technique
M.I. Podgoretski
V.G. Grishin
1975 ~1990 - Grishin, propane bubble chamber group and others in Dubna - measured two-particle correlations for various reactions and two-particle systemsin the energy domain of several GeV/nucleon
Weekly meeting of propane bubble chamber group.
N. Angelov et al.Two-particle correlationsof secondary protonsin pi-12C interactionsat 40 GeV/c
Momentum dependence
G.N. Agakishiev et al. Dimensions of the secondary pion emission region in multi-nucleon collisions of nuclear projectiles D,He,and C with C and Ta nuclei at the incident momentum of 4.2 Gev/c per nucleon, Sov. Journ. Of Nucl. Phys, 39 (1984) 543
The first attempt to „participant dependence”
First correlation function for two neutral pions
1981Lednicky and Lyuboshitzsolved the problem of final state interaction
R. Lednicky and V.L. Lyuboshitz
Influence of Final-state interactionon the correlatins of two particleswith nearly equal momenta
Dubna report: E2-81-453Sov. Journ. Nucl. Phys. 35 (1982) 770
1981
J. Bartke, Size of the pion emission region in collisions of relativistic nuclei from intensity interferometry, Phys. Lett B (1986) 32
Summary(and the END)of staticsource period
Q G PQ G P
NA35 1988
mid-rapidity
NA35 1988
1988 - Seminar of Yu.Sinyukov in Dubna
u.Yu. M Sinyukov, Hanbury-Brown/Twiss correlations for expanding hadron and quark-gluon matter,Nucl.Phys. A498 (1989) 151c
Yuri Sinyukov
„Length of homogeneity”
Correlation WorkshopsCorrelation Workshops
Expectations for RHIC...Expectations for RHIC...
...and unexpected results from ...and unexpected results from RHIC...RHIC...
HBT Excitation Function
“RHIC HBT puzzle”
•unexpected (small) sizes
•Rout/Rside = (approx.)1
•Pt dependence do not agree with models
•The same Pt dependence for pp, dAu and AuAu
STAR 130 GeV
PHENIX 130 GeV
RHIC/AGS/SPS Systematics<kT>≈ 400 MeV (RHIC) <kT>≈ 390 MeV (SPS)
Lisa
, P
ratt
, S
oltz
, W
iede
man
n, n
ucl-e
x/05
0501
4
STAR DATASTAR DATA (pp,dAu,CuCu,AuAu@62GeV - prelim.)
Pion HBT radii from different systems and at different energies
scale with (dNch/dη)1/3
System expansion: System expansion: Initial vs Final Initial vs Final SizeSize
Proton initial size = 0.89 fm from e-scattering
Smooth expansion of the system from p+p to Au+Au
AuAu: system expands
pp (dAu): no or less expansion
Collisions at 200GeV only
Transverse mass dependenceTransverse mass dependence in in AuAu++AuAu
In Au+Au pT (mT) dependence attributed to collective expansion of
the source
0.3 0.30.4 0.40.5 0.50.2 0.2 0.6
STAR, Au+Au@200GeV, PRC 71 (2005) 044906
.2
Calc. with Blast-Wave -Retiere, Lisa, PRC 70 (2004)
044907
0.
0.
0.
Consistency check on flow – Consistency check on flow – kaonskaons
Hania Gos, Kromeriz’05
More confirmationMore confirmation
STAR preliminary
Surprising („puzzling”) scalingSurprising („puzzling”) scaling
All pT(mT) dependences of
HBT radii observed by STAR
scale with pp although it’s
expected that different
origins drive these
dependences
HBT radii scale with pp
Scary coincidence or something deeper?
pp, dAu, CuCu - STAR preliminary
Ratio of (AuAu, CuCu, dAu) HBT radii by pp
Nonidentical particle correlations – the asymmetry analysis
k*
1
Catching up•Effective interaction time larger•Stronger correlation
Moving away•Effective Interaction time smaller•Weaker correlation
“Double” ratio•Sensitive to the space-time asymmetry in the emission process
R.Lednicky, V. L.Lyuboshitz,B.Erazmus, D.Nouais,Phys.Lett. B373 (1996) 30.
C-
C+
C+C-
Kinematics selectionalong some directione.g. kOut, kSide, cos(v,k)
Heavier particlefaster
Lighter particlefaster
Adam Kisiel,Fabrice Retiere
Pion-Kaon at 200 AGeV
• Good agreement for same-charge combinations
• Clear emission asymmetry signal
Out double ratio
Side double ratio
Sigma: 17.3 ± 0.8 fm
Mean: -7.0 ± 1.2 fm
STARpreliminary
+ 0.9 syst.- 1.6 syst.
+ 6.1 syst.- 4.0 syst.
kaon faster pion faster
STARpreliminary
Λ peaks
Mean: -7.4 ± 0.9 fm
Sigma: 15.1 ± 0.4 fm
Pion-Proton 130 AGeV• Good agreement
for identical and opposite charge combinations
• We observe Lambda peaks at k*~decay momentum of Λ
Out double ratio
Side double ratio
+ 1.0 syst.- 1.5 syst.
- 3.4 syst.+ 1.9 syst.
Fit assumes source is a gaussian in r*out
proton faster pion faster
Hania Gos, Kromeriz’05
Origins of asymmetry
• Measures asymmetry in pair rest frame is a combination of time and space shifts in source frame
• In heavy-ion collisions one expects difference in emission time from resonance decays
pion average = 16.1kaon average = 14.8time shift = 1.3
pion pion emissionemissiontimestimes
kaon kaon emissionemissiontimestimes
primordialprimordial
allall
allall
primordialprimordial
THERMINATORcalculation
Adam Kisiel, Kromeriz’05
Space asymmetry from flow
• Transverse momentum of particles is composed of the thermal (randomly distributed) and flow (directed “outwards”) components
• With no flow average emission point is at center of the source and the length of homogeneity is the whole source
• Flow makes the source smaller (“size”-p correlation) AND shifted in outwards direction (x-p correlation)
• For particles with large mass thermal motion matters less – they are shifted more in “out” direction. The difference is measured as emission asymmetry.
pion pion emissionemissionpointspoints
kaon kaon emissionemissionpointspoints
protonproton emissionemissionpointspoints
outoutsideside
THERMINATOR calculation
Fourier coefficients of HBT() oscillations
Rx
Ry
initi
al =
final
STAR Collaboration, nucl-ex/0312009
• Out-of-plane sources at freeze-out– Pressure and/or expansion
time was not sufficient to quench initial shape
• From v2 we know...– Strong in-plane flow →
significant pressure build-up in system
Short expansion time plays dominant role in out-of-plane freeze-out source shapes
eccentricity
Time
2x
2y
2x
2y
RR
RR
Dmitri Peresounko Direct photon interferometry
PHENIX; d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV
Future plans at LHC
RHIC/AGS/SPS Systematics<kT>≈ 400 MeV (RHIC) <kT>≈ 390 MeV (SPS)
...and expectations for LHC
Assuming the same tendency:
40961/3=1680001/3=20
Rexpected < 10fm
Pion freezeout times are about twice as long at LHC compared to RHIC
Tom Humanic, Kromeriz’05
Pion freezeout time and z-position for LHCform rescattering calculations
Projected 3D two-pion C2 for LHC Pb+Pb from rescattering
for b=8 fm centrality and pT bin 0-200 MeV/c
Two-pion correlation function for LHCform rescattering calculations
Transverse radius parameters for LHC vs. RHIC
Transverse radius parameters are somewhat larger and show a strongerpT dependence for LHC compared with RHIC
RLong and parameters for LHC vs. RHIC
RLong for LHC is almost twice as large as for RHIC reflectinglonger freezeout times;
behaves about the same at LHC and RHIC
ALICE examples
Track Merging
• Anti-Merging cut as implemented by STAR– Cutting on average distance between two tracks in TPC
– Space coordinates of tracks are calculated assuming helix shape using track parameters as reconstructed in the inner part of TPC
Single event pion-pion interferometry (with FSI)... by Zbyszek Chajęcki, (ro=8fm)
Single event pion-pion interferometry by Hania GOS
Mike Lisa
Length ofhomogeneity of Yuri S.
RHIC HBTpuzzle
Puzzle explanations
?
Yuri Sinyukov60thBirthday!!!
Expectations for RHIC
Happy birthday, Yuri !!!
...but it is not the end of my presentation.
Some people could not participate in the Kiev Workshopbut like to be with Yuri today...
From [email protected] Sat May 26 20:47:02 2007Date: Sat, 26 May 2007 13:23:41 -0400 (EDT)From: Ulrich Heinz <[email protected]>To: Jan Pluta <[email protected]>Subject: Re: Juri Sinyukov
Dear Jan,Here is a message from me to Yuri that I would be very happy if you couldread it to him at the Workshop. Sorry to not be able to deliver it in person.Kind regards,Ulrich
Dear Yuri,Unfortunately, I can't attend your Kiev Workshop on Relativistic Nuclear Physics. I would have loved to come and talk about recent progress in the understanding of two-particle correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the field which you have stimulated so much and to which you have made so many ground-breaking contributions. I wish I could be there to congratulate you in person to your 60th birthday. As you know, this birthday is known in far eastern cultures as "second birth", signallingthe final arrival in adulthood (which I haven't yet achieved myself!). I am therefore expecting many more important papers and ideas from you, andI am looking forward to seeing you again soon at some other conference. Happy birthday, Yuri! Ulrich*********************************************************************** Ulrich Heinz Tel: +1-614-688 5363 (office) ** Department of Physics +1-614-876 8812 (home) ** The Ohio State University Fax: +1-614-292 7557 ** 191 West Woodruff Avenue email: [email protected] ** Columbus, OH 43210 office: Phys. Res. Bldg. M2046 ***********************************************************************
fromUlrich Heinz
....and let us see some photos to remind the „old time”...
From [email protected] Mon Jun 18 16:31:42 2007Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 10:19:47 -0400From: Larry McLerran <[email protected]>To: Jan Pluta <[email protected]>Cc: Dmitri Kharzeev <[email protected]>Subject: Re: Yu.Sinyukov birthdayFor Yuri Sinyakov on the Occasion of His 60'th Birthday:
Dear Yuri,It is very hard to believe that you are now 60. Time goes by so very fast.I remember the first time I visited Kiev, and had the opportunity to meet you. You were so intense and excited about heavy ion collisions, hydrodynamics and pion interferometry. Since then your work has grown enormously in fame and influence. The work on pion interferometry is truly a classic piece of analysis and I learned this area of physics from you. It has also been influential in the execution of the RHIC experiments and will no doubt be equally so at the LHC.I am sad I cannot be there. I would like to share a glass of vodka with you, and join with you in telling stories of the old days. (How should I put it: When we were young?). I know Alice is thinking of you also. You are one of her favorite physicist friends, and this weekend she said she was sad not to be there with you at your birthday. I hope we will meet this summer, or at latest at Quark Matter in India. Maybe we can ride a camel or an elephant.Happy BirthdayLarry McLerran
From Larry Mc Lerran
From [email protected] Mon Jun 18 22:42:29 2007Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 16:22:13 -0400From: Dmitri Kharzeev <[email protected]>To: Jan Pluta <[email protected]>Cc: [email protected]: Re: Yu.Sinyukov birthdayDear Jan,thank you for your message, I am very happy to congratulate Yuri (see below).Best regards,Dmitri
Dear Yuri,it is a great pleasure for me to congratulate you on your 60th birthday – even though unfortunately I have to do this from the other side of the Atlantic, I am with you in heart on this special day.Even before I met you in person, I knew that you were a truly distinguished physicist, and I learned a lot from your papers. But then I was fortunate to get to know you, and now I know something even more important about you - you are a kind, warm, but also a strong and courageous person, someone whom we are most happy to have as a friend and a teacher.
I wish you happiness, great health, many more scientific achievements, and many more great students. Happy Birthday!Dima Kharzeev
From DmitriKharzeev
From [email protected] Wed Jun 13 15:56:40 2007Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2007 08:58:47 -0400From: scott pratt <[email protected]>To: Jan Pluta <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Yu.Sinyukov birthdayDear Jan,Please express my congratulations to Yuri on his 60th birthday. It is easy to mention the numerous seminal papers and insight he has contributed to the field, but I would most like to express my most sincere gratitude to Yuri for sharing his enthusiasm with all of us. We can all learn a lesson from Yuri, that if we put science above self, everyone benefits and everyone has a lot more fun. Yuri might be turning 60, but he embodies the energy and joy of a child.Aside from being a swell colleague, the second quality I associate with Yuri is ideas. It is hard to count the times when I start to feel pretty smug about a new idea, only to find that Yuri is already a step ahead of me. Yuri is truly one of the pioneers of the HBT community, and his name naturally comes to mind whenever we discuss collective flow, hydrodynamics or phase-space density and entropy.I'm sure we all look forward to many more years of productive, enlightening and inspiring interaction with one of our favorite colleagues.-Scott- ____________________________________________________________________ % Scott Pratt [email protected] % Dept. of Physics and Astronomy http://www.pa.msu.edu/~pratts % 4208A BioMedical Physical Sci. Bldg. % Michigan State University (517) 355-9200, ext. 2016 % East Lansing, MI 48824-2320 _________________________________________________________
From Scott Pratt
Уважаемый Юрий Михайлович!От лица сотрудников НИИ ядерной физики
Московского государственного университета им. Л.В. Ломоносова, искренне поздравляем Вас с юбилеем!
От всей души желаем Вам чтобы эта дата стала новой вехой в Вашей творческой деятельности.
Как большому специалисту по импульсным корреляциям желаем Вам, чтобы всё хорошее в Вашей жизни было бы скоррелировано не хуже импульсов адронов при малых поперечных импульсах: успехи в теоретической физике, счастье в семейной жизни и творческое отношение к миру. Ну и конечно крепкого здоровья и долголетия Вам и Вашим близким желаем мы в этот день.
Шестьдесят лет – это означает расцвет творчества, житейскую мудрость и время начинать «собирать камни», оглянуться назад и сказать: «И увидел Я, что это хорошо». А значит, и время задуматься о добром и вечном, укрепиться в вере, надежде и любви. Чего мы Вам также искренне желаем. И пусть еще много юбилеев Вас ждёт, и каждый из них пусть будет ознаменован новыми свершениями и успехами.
С Уважением,
Людмила Сарычева, Лариса Бравина, Евгений Забродин, Игорь Лохтин, Людмида Малинина, Александр Снигирев, Сергей Петрушанко и другие сотрудники НИИЯФ МГУ.
Москва, НИИЯФ МГУ, 2007 г.
From theScientific and Research Inststituteof Nuclear PhysicsofMoscow State University
Happy Birthday, Yuri !!!
Your friends
q
