From fossil to Biobased Polymers in Membrane

Technology

9 March 2017

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

1

Kelly Briceno

Plastråvaredagen 2017

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Water scarcity and polymeric membranes

2

Sorek: Desalination plant in Israel (35MGD)

20% Total water consumption in the Israel

There are 21,000 desalination plants in 150

countries around the world.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

What is a Polymeric Membrane?

2 February 2017

3

Microfiltation

Ultrafiltration Reverse Osmosis

RO (Reverse Osmosis) mainly

membranes installed in desalination

plants

10-0.1 μm 0.1-0.01 μm

<0.001 μm

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

What is a Polymeric Membrane?

2 February 2017

4

A semi-permeable barrier that allow the selective passage of some species meanwhile

retain others

Reverse Osmosis Membranes (RO) pores are smaller than a bacteria!

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

What is a Polymeric Membrane? Parallelism with Packaging Materials

2 February 2017

5

TetraBrick

Reverse Osmosis Membrane

RO Membrane Image

(Electronic Microscope)

Polyester Base

Polysulfone

Polyamide

Polyethyelene

Polyethyelene

Aluminium

Polyethyelene

Paper

Polyethyelene

Membranes are composite Materials

Withstand pressures between 10-100 Bar

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Membranes Waste

2 February 2017

6

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Sustainability Issues

2 February 2017

7

Component 16"

element

mass of

material

(Kg)

Type of Material

Outer casing 6 Fiberglass with

polyester resin

Membrane

sheet

19.7 Polyester (PET)

base with

polysulfone (PSF)

supporting layer

and polyamide (PA)

active layer

Feed spacer 6.16 Polypropylene (PP)

Permeate

spacer

7.6 Polyester (PET)

Tube and end

caps

7 Acrylonitrile

butadiene styrene

(ABS)

Glued parts 5.2 Polyurethane glue

Membrane lifetime: 2-5 years

Elements must be replaced

Plastic waste Incineration or Landfill

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

A Parallelism with Plastic Packaging: Global Plastic Waste

2 February 2017

8

European Plastic Demand (2011) Global Plastic Production

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Threatening natural species

2 February 2017

9

Environmental Pollution 178 (2013) 483-492

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Rethinking the future of Plastics

2 February 2017

10

2016: World Economic Forum (Davos) launched the report:

The new plastic economy: rethinking the future of plastics

New vision: Plastics never become waste

Effective after-use economy as a Key to decoupling plastics

Bioplastics speed reduction of the environmental pollution (72% of

the Plastic Packaging is just not used: Plastic Waste)

72%

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Biobased Polymers as an option to reduce fossil based consumption

2 February 2017

11

Industrially Compostable

coffee capsules (BASF)

Lexus´luggage compartment

BioPET (Toyota)

Transition from fossil-

Based to Biobased

products depends on final

application

Production Capacity

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Biobased Polymers as an option to fabricate membranes

2 February 2017

12

Biobased Polymers

Nature´s polymer:

Directly extracted from

Biomass

Produced from

microbials

Synthetic Biopolymers

using Bio-derived

monomers

Polysaccharides Proteins Lipids

Starch

Maize,

potatoes…

Lignocellulose

Seaweeds

Others: pectin,

chitosan, gums

Animals:

casein,

collagen

Plants:

soy, gluten..

Cross linked

triglycerid

Polyhydroxyalkanoates

(PHA)

Polyhydroxybutyrate

(PHB)

Polyhydroxybutyrate-

co-valerate (PHBV)

Microbial

Polysaccharides

Xantan,

Pullulan, gellan

Polylactic acid

Bio-based polyethylene

Bio-based polyethyelen

terephthalate

Bio –based

polypropylene

Example: Triblock Copolymer

from Sugar

PLA-βMδVL-PLA (Methyl-valerolactone& Lactide monomers)

PNAS, 2014

University of Minesotta

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Biobased polymers as an option to fabricate membranes

2 February 2017

13

Biobased

Polymer

Membrane

Applications

PLA Ultrafiltration

PLA-PEG-

PLA

Ultrafiltration

Chitosan Pervaporation

PLA-PBS Ultrafiltration

PHA Ultrafiltration

PLA-PVP Pervaporation

Collagen Pervaporation

? Reverse

Osmosis

PLA

Ultrafiltration

More than 20 publications reported the

synthesis of Biobased polymers membrane

materials

Main application: Ultrafiltration

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Global capacity of bioplastic 2018

2 February 2017

14

Bioplastics Issues: Land competition for food, composting facilities, recycling

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Biobased Polymers as an option to fabricate membranes

2 February 2017

15

Explore the fabrication of novel films using Biobased polymers and nanocomposites for membranes or packaging applications

Establish the biodegradability rate of novel Biobased nanocomposite Polymer Membranes (PLA)

Scout the synthesis of novel Biobased

building blocks from Glucose dehydration for

polymer production

Chemical Eng. Res. & Des. 87 (2009) 1318-1327

Research Focus at KBM (SDU):

PLA Film by Phase Inversion

(KBM-SDU)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Membrane Technology Group

2 February 2017

16

Postdoctoral researcher : Kelly Briceno (kebr@kbm.sdu.dk)

Research Technician: Peter Brilner Lund (plu@kbm.sdu.dk )

Lecturer: Birgir Norddahl (bno@kbm.sdu.dk)

Lecturer: Knud V. Christensen (kvc@kbm.sdu.dk)

http://www.sdu.dk/en/om_sdu/institutter_centre/chemicalengineering

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY

Mange Tak!

2 February 2017

17