From heterogeneous wireless networks to sustainable efficient ICT
infrastructures:
How antenna and propagation simulation tools can help?
Yves Lostanlen
SIRADEL
April 9th 2013, Gothenburg, Sweden
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SIRADEL’s Research activities
2
• 1994
• 60+ people
• France, Toronto, Hong-Kong
• 8 FP6-FP7 EU projects
• 35+ collaborative projects
• 100+ research partners
• 4 main investigation areas
EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
Densify & Offload Cellular
networks
Efficient Wireless Systems
Active Antennas
MIMO
EM Wave Exposure
Aim: Developing expertise, methodologies and tools Data: GIS, RF, traffic Software: Volcano, VolcanoLab and Smart City Explorer Consulting: Management & Technology (guidelines)
Outline
3
Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities!
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Data traffic: exponential growth
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Wireless device: Exponential growth
Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Millions Billions Trillions 5
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Cloud Physical Systems
Environment
Energy
Health
Care
Internet
Internet of Things
IoT
Internet of Everything
IoE Chris Evans
CFO
People to People People to machines Machines to Machines
So wireless handsets are everywhere.
Data demand is growing.
Other constraints?
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Well… Yes. 1. Revenue growth constrained Reduce TCO
Traffic growth
data
voice revenue
Time
cost
2. Reduce and
3. EMF exposure concerns
How shall we cope with this traffic demand, and those constraints?
What concepts and tools do we need?
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Data growth absorption
TCO •Spectrum: Golden frequencies (800MHz)
TCO •More Macro-BS
TCO • Small cells outdoor: Metro cells or DAS
TCO •Small cells indoor: Femto cells
Rad
io P
rop
agation
&
An
tenn
a too
ls
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Capacity ≈ n ∙ W ∙ log2(1+SINR)
Spectrum is expensive.
Why do wireless carriers compete so fiercely on golden frequencies?
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Golden frequencies vs. 2.6GHz
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800MHz
Macro base station (34m above ground)
500m 2.6GHz
Outline
12
Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities
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Macros are great for outdoor coverage or for large regions with uniform low demand
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Traffic demand
High Medium Low
But demand is not uniform
Non uniform traffic demand
Traffic demand
High Medium Low
Solutions?
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Illumination where it is required
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Composition 2-tier coverage
Incr
easi
ng
cove
rage
an
d/o
r ca
pac
ity Rx power
(dBm)
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Matching demand and best server
Non uniform traffic demand
Traffic demand
High Medium Low
Best server
Small-cell Macro
Densification of the network
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Data growth absorption
Rad
io P
rop
agation
&
An
tenn
a too
ls
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Capacity ≈ n ∙ W ∙ log2(1+SINR)
More cells New
spectrum Mitigate
interference More cells
Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cell layer
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
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Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cells
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
Metro
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Once we have the site location,
we analyse the antenna patterns in real conditions
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Images by Telecom Paris-Tech
1.7GHZ 1.9GHZ 2.1GHZ
and we can compute the coverage In urban areas, multipath is important
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3D propagation
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LOS & strong canyoning
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And multipath for indoor areas
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3D Indoor coverage- Ground Floor
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Reception on ground-floor of a NLOS building
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Reception on top-floor of a NLOS building
3D Indoor coverage – Top Floor
Multipath estimation refines the MIMO simulation processing (space-time)…
…and is paramount for the interference estimation
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Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cells
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
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Beamforming - « Sub-optimal » Pointing
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Data coverage
SC-BS
24dBi
UE to serve
Data coverage SC-BS
UE
Active Antenna System
Ray-based model
3D Antenna patterns – Antenna models 3D Propagation models Reliable predictions for decision-making
Less interferences Less power transmitted Less EM radiation in undesired areas
Beamforming - Optimal Pointing
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SC-BS
UE
UE to serve SC-BS
24dBi
Active Antenna System
Data coverage
Ray-based model
SC-BS height: 15m SC-BS height: 15m SC-BS height: 7m SC-BS height: 7m SC-BS height: 10m SC-BS height: 10m SC-BS height: 5m SC-BS height: 5m
Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cells
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
SC-BS height: 20m SC-BS height: 20m
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Outline
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Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities
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Great evolution of the networks to cope with the data growth…
… but let’s have a more holistic view on what we are doing
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Human exposure to EM waves
Vertical slice of Total field (V/M) Beyond total field threshold on facades
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Need to better assess the radiation levels Need to anticipate actions to optimize Propagation and antenna tools required
Lexnet: EU-FP7
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Infrastructure will consume more energy
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Image by CTTC
Energy Harvesting
Outline
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Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities!
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It may be time for a more efficient network
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ICT: An opportunity to deal with climate changes
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ICT today: about 2% of global emissions
An Opportunity for Tremendous Impact on
Remaining 98%
2002 2007 2020
0.5
0.9
1.27
-7.8
Potential direct telecom equipment energy savings by 2020
0.5
Source: GeSI – SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age
Gto
ns
CO
2
Zero Growth Line
Indirect application examples
Smart utilities
Smart transport
Smart buildings
Smart industry ICT can enable a 16.5%
reduction in global emissions by 2020
How to get a sustainable infrastructure?
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Power
limited region
Bandwidth
limited region
Low Power
High Power
Spectrum Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Greentouch
Throughput maximization
Reduction of EM exposure
The infrastructure will be sustainable if it is shared among the wireless carriers
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How to get long-term revenues?
• Share costs across ICT infrastructure needs
• Topologies: Reducing energy bills, site and equipment costs
• Spectrum efficiency: Taking advantage of BW
• Reduce EM waves: Need not waiting for regulation
• Anticipating massive device-to-device communications
Traffic growth
data
voice revenue
Time
cost
Traffic growth
data
voice
revenue
cost
Time
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System Thinking: Worse before better
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t
Work ($) / capability
t
Performance
t
Competitive advantage
t
Work (or $) / capability
t
Worse before better
t
Capabilities enhancements
Capability takes time to build
Capability trap
Delay in observation better performance
Work less on immediate goal
Work more on capability
The infrastructure will be sustainable if it is shared among the various industries
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Smart Cities
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• More antennas
• Multi-relays
• Device-to-device
• Opportunity to “share”
• Joint optimizations
• Municipalities / governments E-Health
Smart Buildings
Smart Transportation
Smart Communities
Smart Grids
Opportunities for Antenna & Propagation reliable Tools
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System Integration
Hardware Implementation
System Engineering Algorithms
Idea and Conceptual Design
Antenna
& Propagation
Models
Manufacturing
System Deployment & Operation
Software Simulation
Tools
Hardware Simulators
RF Planning &
Optimization Tools
Takeaways
• Multi-RAT HetNet with small cells: An answer to data growth
• Mobile network optimization: shift in constraints – From Spectral Efficiency to Energy-efficiency and Low EM Exposure
…While keeping an equivalent User experience
• Key competitive advantages in the long-run (holistic view)
• Sustainable infrastructure for Smart Cities: today’s decisions
• Propagation & Antenna models and tools will help
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Sustainable ICT Infrastructure
• It is a complicated task!
– Multi-discipline
– Multi-carriers
– Multi-industries
• But on the long term everyone is better off
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Traffic growth
data
voice
revenue
cost
Time
Lots of learning curves
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Thank You!
Prof Yves Lostanlen, VP Wireless, CTO Siradel and University of Toronto